第六届中国大学生物理学术竞赛简讯

彭　刚， 范年东， 李春燕， 曾交龙， 何焰兰

(国防科学技术大学 理学院 物理系，湖南 长沙　410073)



第六届中国大学生物理学术竞赛简讯

彭刚， 范年东， 李春燕， 曾交龙， 何焰兰

(国防科学技术大学 理学院 物理系，湖南 长沙410073)

中国大学生物理学术竞赛( China Undergraduate Physicists’ Tournament，简称CUPT)是中国借鉴国际青年物理学家锦标赛(International Young Physicists’ Tournament，简称 IYPT)模式创办的一项全国性物理类赛事. 第六届中国大学生物理学术竞赛于2015年8月19日—24日在国防科学技术大学举行，国防科学技术大学邓小刚副校长、CUPT竞赛委员会李川勇秘书长、国防科学技术大学理学院王雪松院长、国防科学技术大学理学院物理系赵增秀主任出席了开幕式. 邓小刚副校长、李川勇秘书长、王雪松院长分别在开幕式上发表了重要讲话.

中国大学生物理学术竞赛是在全国高校本科学生中开展的学生团体学术赛事. 每年的竞赛题目设计都具有很强的军事、生活应用背景. 例如，今年竞赛问题3“人造肌肉”、问题6“马格努斯滑翔机”、 问题8“糖和盐”、 问题11“猫须”等在材料科学、机器人的制造、飞机动力学原理设计、潜艇生存环境变化、太赫兹的产生机理以及反隐形等方面具有强烈的军事和生活应用背景等. 通过以团队合作的形式研究这些实际物理问题，有利于培养学生综合运用大学物理理论和实验设计等方面解决实际问题的能力，培养学生团队合作精神和开放性思维能力；通过正反方辩论对抗的竞赛形式，有利于培养学生交流表达、临场应变以及对抗谋略等能力；整个竞赛让学生能够获得学科知识、科学方法、创新能力的有效统一与全面发展，有利于提升学生专业综合素养；此外，中国大学生物理学术竞赛同时也可以促进“大学物理”与“大学物理实验”的教学理念、教学内容、教学手段与方法的改革.

目前，CUPT的理念和模式得到了全国各高校的广泛欢迎. 本届大赛的规模、水平和影响力又有了空前的提升. 第六届CUPT共有69支全国高校代表队参加，其中参赛学校48所、观摩学校21所，整个竞赛参与师生达679人. 经过5轮角逐，南开大学、南京大学、浙江大学、哈尔滨工业大学等4支代表队进入决赛，最终哈尔滨工业大学成功夺得2015年CUPT大赛冠军. 今年由于参赛队伍数量激增，经过竞赛委员会全体表决，大幅提高了获奖的数量，其中一等奖以上获奖比例提高到不多于20%，二等奖获奖比例提高到不多于30%，三等奖获奖比例减少到50%. 2015年最终评出团队特等奖5项、一等奖5项、二等奖16项、三等奖23项、最佳风采奖3项；个人表现最佳选手3项、最佳正方3项、最佳反方3项、最佳评论方3项、最佳女生3项.

本次大赛取得圆满成功的同时，我们也应该注意到大赛存在如下两个问题：1) 参赛学生对竞赛宗旨理解不准确.CUPT采用正方报告、正反方辩论对抗的竞赛形式，很多参赛学生对辩论对抗环节的理解不准确，导致部分参赛队伍在这一环节中针锋相对，言辞激烈. 实际上，CUPT正反方辩论对抗的最根本的宗旨是希望正反方能够以互相探讨交流的形式就正方报告中存在的问题或者正反方理解偏差的问题进行深入交流，达到双方共同进步的目的. 很多参赛队准备充分，但是由于对这一点理解有失偏颇，在辩论对抗阶段无法有效进行讨论，从而导致正反方成绩都不是很理想. 2) 裁判打分公平性问题. 本次大赛裁判数量达到了103人，这其中又包括了40多名新裁判. 有极少量的裁判可能对竞赛题目不太熟悉，对竞赛规则、竞赛宗旨不太了解等原因，导致在打分环节存在偏高或者偏低的问题. 裁判组采取了在裁判安排上尽可能多的回避原则和对被投诉的裁判在充分了解情况的条件下采取取消裁判资格和停赛一场的方法，有效地保障裁判的公平公正. 整体来说，本次大赛是历届比赛中裁判投诉最少的一次，一方面说明裁判水平在逐年提高，另一方面也说明对裁判安排要尽可能采用回避原则和把裁判诚信纳入裁判分配安排体系能有效提高大赛的公平公正.

第六届中国大学生物理学术竞赛在各方的共同努力下，已经落下帷幕. 整体来说，竞赛组织圆满成功，来自国防科学技术大学理学院的57名志愿者同学参加了本届大赛的志愿者服务工作，他们的热情服务展示了东道主的风采，赢得了参赛学校的老师和同学们的赞誉. 第七届中国大学生物理学术竞赛将于2016 年8 月在西安交通大学举行.

附录1　2015年中国大学生物理学术竞赛获奖名单

附录22016年中国大学生物理学术竞赛题目

1. Invent yourself

Truly random numbers are a very valuable and rare resource. Design, produce, and test a mechanical device for producing random numbers. Analyse to what extent the randomness produced is safe against tampering.

2. Lagging Pendulum

A pendulum consists of a strong thread and a bob. When the pivot of the pendulum starts moving along a horizontal circumference, the bob starts tracing a circle which can have a smaller radius, under certain conditions. Investigate the motion and stable trajectories of the bob.

3. Acoustic Lens

Fresnel lenses with concentric rings are widely used in optical applications, however a similar principle can be used to focus acoustic waves. Design and produce an acoustic lens and investigate its properties, such as amplification, as a function of relevant parameters.

4. Super Ball

Throw a highly elastic ball into the space between two plates. The ball starts bouncing and under some circumstances can even be projected back to you. Investigate the motion of the ball and parameters influencing the motion, including the orientation of the plates.

5. Ultrahydrophobic Water

Set a dish filled with soapy water onto a loudspeaker or other vibrator. When it oscillates, it is possible to hold small droplets on its surface for a long time. Explain and investigate the phenomenon.

6. Electric Honeycomb

Set a vertically oriented steel needle over a horizontal metallic plate. Place some oil onto the plate. If you apply constant high voltage between the needle and the plate, a cell structure appears on the surface of the liquid. Explain and investigate this phenomenon.

7. Hot Water Fountain

Partially fill a Mohr pipette with hot water. Cover the top of the pipette with your thumb. Turn the tip upwards and observe the fountain exiting the tip. Investigate the parameters describing the height of the fountain, and optimize them to get the maximum height.

8. Magnetic Train

Button magnets are attached to both ends of a small cylindrical battery. When placed in a copper coil such that the magnets contact the coil, this "train" starts to move. Explain the phenomenon and investigate how relevant parameters affect the train′s speed and power.

9. Water Waves

Generate a water wave with a vertically oscillating horizontal cylinder. When varying the excitation frequency and/or amplitude, the water seems to drift away from or towards the cylinder. Investigate the phenomenon.

10. Light Rings

Let a liquid jet fall onto a surface. If the contact point is illuminated by a laser beam, rings of light around the jet can be observed (see Figure). Investigate the light rings and determine how they depend on relevant parameters of the whole system.

11. Rolling on a Disc

If you put a light rolling object (e.g. a ring, a disc, or a sphere) on a horizontal rotating disc, it may start moving without being expelled from the disc. Explain how different types of motion depend on the relevant parameters.

12. Van der Pauw Method

It is known that conductivity of a material can be measured independently of the sample shape, as long as the sample has one border (no holes). To what extent can such a method be applied? Investigate and explain such measurements if the sample has holes.

13. Paper Vice

Take two similar paperback books and interleave a few pages at a time. Push the books together. Hold the two books by their spines and try to pull them apart. Investigate the parameters that set the limits of being able to separate the books.

14. Sensitive Flame

A combustible gas (e.g. propane) streams vertically out of a fine nozzle and then through a fine metallic mesh at a distance of about 5 cm. The gas is lit and produces a flame above the mesh. Under some circumstances, this flame reacts very sensitively to sound. Investigate the phenomenon and the relevant parameters.

15. Contactless Calliper

Invent and construct an optical device that uses a laser pointer and allows contactless determination of thickness, refractive index, and other properties of a glass sheet.

16. Frisbee Vortices

When a vertical plate is partially submerged in water and pulled in a direction normal to the plate, a pair of vortices is created in the surface of the water. Under certain conditions, these vortices travel along the surface for a long distance. Investigate the parameters influencing the motion and stability of these vortices.

17. Crazy Suitcase

When one pulls along a two wheeled suitcase, it can under certain circumstances wobble so strongly from side to side that it can turn over. Investigate this phenomenon. Can one suppress or intensify the effect by varied packing of the luggage?

2015-08-30；

2015-11-04

国防科学技术大学教育教学研究重点课题(2014)资助

彭刚(1978—)，男，湖南宁乡人，国防科学技术大学物理系副教授，博士，主要从事大学物理实验教学和纳米电子学研究工作.

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