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关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL的疗效分析

2016-10-12郭克斌熊元波刘晓雪

西南国防医药 2016年9期
关键词:肌腱自体关节镜

张 军,郭克斌,熊元波,刘晓雪

关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL的疗效分析

张 军,郭克斌,熊元波,刘晓雪

目的 观察关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效。方法 80例本院收治的需行自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带患者入选本研究,按照配对分组法分为两组,观察组采取关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,对照组采取可吸收挤压螺钉固定,术后24个月时比较两组效果。结果 术前两组Lysholm 和IKDC评分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后24个月时,两组Lysholm和IKDC评分均显著升高(P<0.05),而观察组的升高幅度均大于对照组 (P<0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率 (7.5%)显著低于对照组 (25.0%)(P<0.05)。结论 关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效较佳,术后膝关节功能更优,且术后并发症发生率低,具有重要临床价值。

关节镜;腘绳肌;前交叉韧带;疗效

膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者临床较多,相关研究[1-2]表明,损伤后若不能进行有效治疗,其不能自行修复,可致膝关节不稳,并继发关节软骨及半月板损伤,严重影响患者生活质量,并带来较大心理压力及经济负担。目前,前交叉韧带重建为重要干预措施之一,但其效果受到多方面因素影响,其中如何有效固定肌腱是关键。研究[3-4]表明,牢固的固定可满足患者术后早期锻炼要求,对移植物与骨的愈合具有重要价值。目前,有多种方式应用于前交叉韧带重建,其中关节镜下Edobutton联合intrafix固定与可吸收挤压螺钉固定两种方式应用广泛,但其疗效比较却少见于文献报道,本研究对此进行了探讨。

1 资料与方法

1.1 病例资料 选择80例本科2013年1月~2014年1月收治的需行自体腘绳肌腱重进交叉韧带患者作为研究对象,均结合膝关节MRI检查、前抽屉试验等临床表现及相关影像学检查,符合单纯前交叉韧带损伤诊断标准[5],排除合并先天性心脏病、严重肝肾功能不全、合并后交叉韧带损伤及侧副韧带损伤患者。根据患者年龄、性别、病情等临床资料,在患者入组时采取配对分组法分为两组。观察组40例,男23例,女17例,年龄20~69(42.6± 8.9)岁,体质量指数(22.5±3.6)kg/m2;合并症:高血压21例,糖尿病19例,高血脂症15例。对照组40例,男25例,女15例,年龄23~67(43.6±8.1)岁,体质量指数(22.9±3.1)kg/m2;合并症:高血压22例,糖尿病17例,高血脂症16例。两组一般临床资料比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。

1.2 手术治疗

1.2.1 术前准备 患者入院后均完善相关检查,入室后开通静脉通道,均采用腰硬联合麻醉。

1.2.2 肌腱获取 患者均取膝关节屈曲90°,选择胫骨结节内下1.5 cm处行纵向切口,约3 cm,逐步分离,明确半腱肌等后逐步取出完成半腱肌、股薄肌,然后使用肌腱线缝合编织后,对折合成4股肌腱,生理盐水纱布覆盖。

1.2.3 骨隧道定位 (1)胫骨隧道定位:患者取膝关节屈曲90°,使用专用定位器经髌腱入路插入关节腔内,定位外侧半月板前角;在后交叉韧带前方7 mm位置,定位器角度转为50°,沿定位器用空心钻沿着导针钻透骨道。(2)股骨隧道定位:选择右膝11点、左膝1点位,经胫骨隧道置入股骨定位器,钻入导针后,采取空心钻顺着导针钻取股骨隧道,并用粗的空心钻扩张股骨隧道。此后两组分别采用下述步骤:

观察组:采取关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建交叉韧带,将Endobutton钢板(注册号:3550349,美国Smith Nephew公司)穿过移植肌腱,并穿入牵引线,经胫骨隧道外口穿入,从股骨隧道内口穿出,然后提拉牵引线,位置满意后屈膝30~40°,拉紧肌腱,导针插入胫骨隧道,将外鞘试模插入移植物与骨道之间,置入钉鞘,拧入螺钉,修正胫骨隧道外口钉鞘及肌腱,再保持屈膝30°,拉紧移植肌腱,拧入界面螺钉,完成肌腱固定。

对照组:采取可吸收挤压螺钉 (注册号:3461626,美国施乐辉公司),将移植肌腱沿着胫骨及股骨方向置入,于胫骨隧道置入导针,并选择相应直径的可吸收挤压螺钉,沿着导针拧入,将移植物挤压固定、膝关节屈伸20次后,保持屈膝30~40°,拉紧肌腱,导针插入胫骨隧道,导针引导下拧入可吸收挤压螺钉,完成固定。

1.3 术后处理 术后均行抗感染治疗,并嘱咐早期功能锻炼。

1.4 观察指标 术后随访24个月时进行评估:(1)Lysholm评分[6]:根据患者疼痛、不安定度、闭锁感、肿胀度、是否跛行、楼梯攀爬及蹲姿、是否使用支撑物进行评分,满分100分,≥95为优秀,85~94分为良好,65~84分为尚可,<65分为差。(2)IKDC评分[7]:采取2000年IKDC主要膝关节功能评价表,根据患者症状及功能进行评分。(3)并发症:统计随访期间患者并发症发生情况。

1.5 统计学方法 应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用χ2检验,计量资料以±s表示,组间比较采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组Lysholm和IKDC评分比较 术前两组Lysholm和 IKDC评分比较无统计学差异 (P>0.05);术后24个月时,两组Lysholm和IKDC评分均显著升高(P<0.05),而观察组的升高幅度均大于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。

2.2 两组术后并发症比较 观察组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05,表2)。

表1 两组LyshoIm和IKDC评分比较(n=40)

表2 两组术后并发症比较[n(%)]

3 讨论

随着临床技术发展,目前已有多种方式用于膝关节韧带重建。腘绳肌腱为膝关节重建手术的最为常用材料之一,相关研究表明[8-9],其具有操作简便及术中创伤小、术后并发症发生率低等优点。国外文献报道[10-11],腘绳肌腱直径超过7 mm则具有较佳抗拉强度,且对膝关节功能影响较小。但腘绳肌腱愈合时间较长,术后恢复时间较长。因此,采取较为牢固的固定方式极为重要。以往,临床多采取挤压螺钉固定,术中沿着隧道内导针拧入界面,操作较为简便。研究报道,可吸收挤压螺钉失效载荷及抗拉刚度高于金属螺钉,但文献报道有发生迟发型炎性反应可能[12-13]。

Endobutton为临床常用隧道外固定悬挂方式,植入物较为简单,且固定方式可靠。临床研究过程中笔者发现,Endobutton的独特置入技巧可有效避免移植肌腱与隧道不匹配问题,手术简便、安全。因Endobutton固定产生力与移植肌腱拔出力位于同一直线上,且方向相反,可提供较强抗拔出强度,稳定性较佳[14]。国外研究报道[15-17],Endobutton固定方式可提供959.9 N左右的失效载荷,可提供足够强度。Intrafix固定可减少可吸收挤压螺钉固定时所产生的对肌腱切割损伤,将多股肌腱中心拧入骨道,可将肌腱充分扩张,一定程度上增加移植物与骨道的接触,且可保持移植物张力均匀,固定后移植物总体张力可增高,对膝关节前交叉韧带稳定性恢复具有重要价值[18-20]。

本研究中观察组采取关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定方式,可有效避免挤压螺钉所带来的不足之处,提供更为稳定的膝关节前交叉韧带,且降低固定时对肌腱的切割力量。结果显示,术后24个月时,两组Lysholm和 IKDC评分均显著升高(P<0.05),而观察组的升高幅度均大于对照组(P<0.05),说明两种手术方法均有效,但观察组的疗效更优,且术后并发症发生率更低(P<0.05),临床安全更好。

综上所述,关节镜下Endobutton联合intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效较佳,术后膝关节功能显著更优,且术后并发症发生率低,具有重要临床价值。

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Effects of arthroscopic Endobutton combined with intrafix fixation with autologous hamstring tendon on ACL reconstruction

Zhang Jun1,Guo Kebin1,Xiong Yuanbo1,Liu Xiaoxue21.Department of Orthopedics,Xiangyang Xiangzhou District People's Hospital,Xiangyang,Hubei,441000,China;2.Minimally Invasive Plastic Surgery,Xiangyang Xiangzhou District People's Hospital,Xiangyang,Hubei,441000,China

Objective To observe the effects of arthroscopic Endobutton combined with intra fix fixation with autologous hamstring tendon on arthroscopic cruciate ligament(ACL).Methods A total of 80 patients admitted to our hospital for autologous hamstring tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were selected and divided into two groups according to the matched samples:the observation group was treated with arthroscopic Endobutton combined with intra fix fixation with autologous hamstring tendon on ACL reconstruction;the control group was treated with absorbable interference screw fixation.The effects in two groups were compared 24 months after the operation.Results The preoperative Lysholm and IKDC scores in the two groups showed no significant statistical difference(P>0.05);24 months after the operation,the Lysholm and IKDC scores in the two groups increased significantly(P<0.05),but the scores in the observation group increased more than those in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence(7.5%)of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that(25.0%)in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The arthroscopic Edobutton combined with intra fix fixation with autologous hamstring tendon has better effects on ACL reconstruction,significantly better postoperative recovery of knee joint functions and lower incidence of postoperative complications,thus it has important clinical value.

arthroscopic;hamstring;ACL;effects

R 687.2

A

1004-0188(2016)09-1020-03

10.3969/j.issn.1004-0188.2016.09.022

2016-03-04)

441000湖北 襄阳,襄阳市襄州区人民医院骨科(张 军,郭克斌,熊元波),微创整形外科(刘晓雪)

张 军,E-mail:2356090464@qq.com

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