质子泵抑制剂和结肠息肉相关性研究
2016-10-11顾怡雯陈胜良江伟骏
顾怡雯, 华 静, 陈胜良, 江伟骏
(1. 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院 消化科, 上海, 200025;2. 上海交通大学医学院附属同仁医院 消化科, 上海, 200336)
质子泵抑制剂和结肠息肉相关性研究
顾怡雯1, 华静1, 陈胜良1, 江伟骏2
(1. 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院 消化科, 上海, 200025;2. 上海交通大学医学院附属同仁医院 消化科, 上海, 200336)
目的探讨质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)和结肠息肉形成两者间的关系。方法将本院结肠息肉的患者设为病例组(154例),肠炎及未见异常者设为对照组(98例)。调查所有入组人员饮食及生活习惯、PPIs服用等情况,并测定血胃泌素水平。各因素先进行单因素分析,有统计学意义者进一步行多因素Logistic回归。结果 单因素分析提示PPIs与结肠息肉的发生及生长部位有关(P<0.05), 结肠息肉组中服用PPIs的患者与未服用PPIs患者的胃泌素水平有显著差异[(115±19.4) ng/L vs (66.4±8.4) ng/L],P<0.001), 但病例组与对照组两者间胃泌素水平无明显差异(P=0.191,P>0.05), 且进一步多因素Logistic分析提示PPIs变量无统计学意义(P=0.081,P>0.05)。结论本研究无法证实与结肠息肉形成是否存在必然相关性, PPIs与结肠息肉之间是否存在关联尚待进一步研究。
质子泵抑制剂; 胃泌素; 结肠息肉: Logistic模型;
有研究[1]表明长期服用质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)的患者胃泌素水平明显增高,而胃泌素对肠上皮有促生长作用。有实验[2]发现高胃泌素血症可增加APC基因突变大鼠结直肠息肉的发生率。因此,长期服用PPIs可能是形成结肠息肉的危险因素。本文探讨PPIs与结肠息肉形成的关系,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2013年6—12月在上海交通大学附属同仁医院行结肠镜检查发现结肠息肉的患者设为结肠息肉组,以上病例均经病理证实,肠炎及未见异常者设为对照组。服用PPIs常规剂量1年以上或1年内间断服药时间累计超过6个月以上为PPIs服用组。
1.2研究方法
以问卷调查的方式了解所有入组人员有无PPIs服用史、服用原因及使用时间,对个人家族史、饮食及生活习惯进行调查。行结肠镜检查前抽血测定胃泌素水平。
1.3统计学分析
应用SSPS 19.0统计软件,先以卡方检验对可能与肠息肉形成有关的变量行单因素分析(α=0.05), 其中均值比较采用t检验,采用多因素条件Logistic回归分析法分析有统计学意义的变量,P<0.05为差异有统计学差异。
2 结 果
结肠息肉组纳入共154例,男81例,女73例,年龄40~88岁,平均(69.3±9.5)岁;对照组共98例,男32例,女66例,年龄38~84岁,平均(65.5±10.7)岁。单因素分析显示,2组在性别、年龄、息肉家族史、体质量指数、PPIs服用史方面均有显著差异(P<0.05)。见表1。结肠息肉组中服用PPIs患者的胃泌素水平明显高于未服用者(P<0.01)。进一步对息肉的部位、数量及病理类型进行统计分析,发现服用PPIs对息肉生长部位有显著影响(P<0.05),服用PPIs患者发生远端结肠息肉的比例较高(81.8%),但患者的息肉大小、数量、病理类型与服用PPIs均无明显相关。见表2。进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析见表3。
3 讨 论
从结肠黏膜的表面突出延伸至肠腔的尚未明确病理性质的息肉状病变为结肠息肉,从病理的角度可以将其分为肿瘤性息肉和非肿瘤性息肉,前者为腺瘤,后者包括错构瘤性息肉、炎性及增生性息肉、淋巴性息肉等[3]。在所有的息肉中,腺瘤占70~80%[4]。结直肠腺瘤主要是由结直肠癌衍变而来,对结肠息肉的发病原因以及相关危险因子的研究可以帮助筛查、预防结肠癌,使癌症致死率下降[5]。
多项研究[6]表明,长期使用PPIs可引发高胃泌素血症。其机制为PPIs与壁细胞H+-K+-ATP酶不可逆的结合,从而阻断胃酸分泌,从而使胃内的pH值增高,促使胃泌素从G细胞内大量释放,最终形成高胃泌素血症[7]。据研究[8]报道,使用PPIs后,血清胃泌素可增高3~5倍,而使用H2受体阻滞剂,胃泌素增高不明显,一般低于2倍。
胃泌素是胃肠道G细胞所分泌的一种多肽激素,在动物和肿瘤细胞研究[9]发现,胃泌素可以促进胃酸分泌,还可以通过自分泌、旁分泌和神经内分泌等方式对结肠黏膜有营养作用,并促进胃肠黏膜上皮细胞的增生,以利于肿瘤细胞的快速增殖。因胃肠息肉的形成与腺上皮细胞增生密切相关,从而增加肠息肉形成的风险,有学者[10]证实高胃泌素血症增加APC基因突变大鼠结直肠息肉的发生率,但临床中尚未证实高胃泌素水平与肠息肉有确切关系。长时间服用PPls药物的患者中,只有10~30%被发现存在结节性、线性或者弥漫性增生的肠细胞,尤其是胃泌素浓度显著上升、幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)呈阳性以及中度或重度萎缩性胃炎的患者[11]。有研究[12]认为在上述现象中起主导作用的是HP感染和HP诱导的环氧合酶-2(COX-2)表达,一旦COX-2的表达水平过高,其能多步骤及多方面地使肿瘤的整个发生发展过程加快,而并非单纯胃泌素的增高导致肠息肉的发生。
表1 单因素分析筛选结肠息肉相关因素[n(%)]
表2 结肠息肉组PPIs服用和肠息肉 临床特征的关系[n(%)]
表3 结肠息肉的危险因素Logistic回归分析
本研究中,单因素分析提示服用PPIs与结肠息肉的发生及生长部位有关(P<0.05), 同时研究显示结肠息肉组中服用PPIs的患者胃泌素水平显著高于未服用PPIs者,服用PPIs可导致胃泌素水平增高。进一步多因素Logistic分析提示, PPIs变量无统计学意义(P>0.05), 无法证实与结肠息肉形成是否存在必然相关性。Logistic回归分析结果提示患者的年龄、性别、BMI、息肉家族史均为结肠息肉形成的独立危险因素[13]。
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Correlation between proton pump inhibitors and the growth of colonic polyps
GU Yiwen1, HUA Jing1, CHEN Shengliang1, JIANG Weijun2
(DepartmentofGastroenterology,RenjiHospitalAffiliatedtoSchoolofMedicineofShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai, 200025;DepartmentofGastroenterology,TongrenHospitalAffiliatedtoSchoolofMedicineofShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai, 200336)
ObjectiveTo study the relationship of proton pump inhibitors and the growth of colonic polyps. MethodsA total of 154 patients who underwent colonoscopy in our hospital were as patients group and 98 healthy cases were as controls. Dietary and life style factors and family history of two groups were investigated. And serum gastrin levels were examined in all patients. Suspected variables were screened by univariate analysis and those with statistical significant were further analyzed by multivariate conditional Logistic regression. ResultsPPIs was found to be correlated with the growth of colonic polyps and growth distribution (P<0.05). In patients with colonic polyps, the mean gastrin level in PPI users versus non-PPI users was (115±19.4) ng/L versus (66.4±8.4) ng/L, respectively (P<0.001), but there was no difference in serum gastrin levels in two groups(P=0.191,P>0.05). Further multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in variable PPIs. ConclusionThe research cannot confirm that PPIs is related to the growth of colonic polyps, and it remains further exploration.
proton pump inhibitors; gastrin; colonic polyps; Logistic models
2016-05-12
R 574.62
A
1672-2353(2016)17-050-03
10.7619/jcmp.201617016