大骨节病软骨中内质网应激性蛋白分子表达变化研究*
2016-09-27陕西省人民医院骨科病院西安710068
陕西省人民医院骨科病院(西安710068)
易 智 武世勋 凌 鸣 刘时璋 刘宗智 孙正明 靳占奎
大骨节病软骨中内质网应激性蛋白分子表达变化研究*
陕西省人民医院骨科病院(西安710068)
易智武世勋凌鸣刘时璋刘宗智孙正明靳占奎
目的:探讨活化转录因子6 (ATF6)和内质网应激相关促凋亡蛋白C/EBP 同源蛋白(CHOP)在大骨节病软骨组织中的表达变化及其与软骨损伤的关系。方法:收集7例大骨节病患者术后关节软骨标本(KBD组),7例骨关节炎病人关节软骨(OA组)作为疾病对照,6例正常软骨组织作为正常对照。采用SP免疫组化染色法检测三组关节软骨组织中AFT6和CHOP表达趋势,分析其关节软骨内阳性表达率差异。 结果: KBD组和OA组中层ATF6阳性细胞表达率显著高于正常软骨组,而三组表层和深层软骨ATF6阳性细胞表达率无统计学差异。OA组软骨表层CHOP表达显著高于KBD软骨组和正常软骨组,而KBD组和正常组间比较无统计学差异;KBD组软骨和OA组中层CHOP阳性细胞表达率显著高于正常软骨组;OA组软骨深层阳性率高于KBD组。KBD组与OA组ATF6主要表达于中层,正常软骨组主要表达于中层和深层,KBD组与OA组CHOP主要表达于中层,正常软骨组CHOP在三层表达无统计学差异。结论:KBD软骨中层的ATF6和CHOP显著上调,表明CHOP高表达可能与大骨节病软骨损伤密切相关,而ATF6高表达与其软骨损伤后反应性细胞增殖有关。
主题词骨关节病,原发肥大性/病理生理学软骨,关节/病理生理学蛋白/代谢@活化转录因子6
大骨节病(Kashin-Beck disease, KBD)是一种特殊的地方性、以关节软骨坏死为特征性疾病。前期研究结果表明:大骨节病和骨关节病(Osteoarthritis,OA)的软骨损伤均与细胞过度凋亡有关[1],人骨关节炎软骨和动物模型软骨中发现内质网应激标志分子免疫球蛋白重链结合蛋白呈现异常高表达[2]。已经证实了ATF6(Activating transcription factor-6)过表达与软骨细胞凋亡及内质网应激相关促凋亡蛋白C/EBP同源蛋白[3-4](CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein,CHOP)介导的凋亡与关节软骨退变有关。还有研究结果认为OA软骨内ATF6可上调XBP1S[5],进而抑制内质网应激性细胞凋亡。然而,目前尚未见到大骨节病软骨组织AFT6和CHOP的表达变化的相关报道。本文以前人研究成果为基础,探讨了大骨节病软骨组织损伤过程中内ATF6和CHOP表达变化。
材料与方法
1材料按照我国2010年《大骨节病诊断标准》纳入病例,实验组包括来自陕西人民医院骨科KBD病人的膝关节置换术后软骨标本7例(KBD组),疾病对照组为性别、年龄与试验组相匹配的原发性骨关节炎患者膝关节置换术后软骨标本7例(OA组),收集6例健康者截肢术后正常软骨作为正常对照组(NC组)。所有标本收集均征得患者及家属知情同意,本研究通过陕西省人民医院医学伦理委员会批准。
试剂有兔抗人ATF6抗体(北京博奥森,bs1634R),兔抗人CHOP抗体(北京博奥森, bs8875R),SP山羊抗兔二抗即用型试剂盒(北京中杉金桥,SP9012)。
2方法所有软骨标本收集后,即刻置入4%中性多聚甲醛溶液进行固定,制备病理切片,然后采用常规SP免疫组织化学染色法进行标记阳性细胞[7],将关节软骨分为表、中、深层,然后分别统计每张染色切片中400倍镜下一个视野内不同软骨细胞层的阳性细胞表达率。
结 果
1 KBD与OA和正常组关节软骨细胞ATF6表达比较结果显示:ATF6在三组软骨细胞的细胞核及胞浆中均表达(图1)。正常组软骨表层ATF6表达阳性率低于OA组和KBD组,但统计学分析结果无差异(P=0.334);三组中层之间ATF6表达阳性率有差异(F=15.108,P=0.001),KBD组和OA组阳性表达率均明显高于正常组(14.92%±2.27%);三组软骨组织深层ATF6阳性率比较无统计差异(F=1.911,P=0.155)。
图1 三组软骨细胞中层ATF6阳性表达率比较(A:正常,B:OA,C:KBD)
将三组软骨组织表层、中层和深层阳性细胞表达率进行统计分析,结果显示:在正常组,三层细胞表达率有统计意义(F=4.059,P=0.021),中层和深层阳性表达率均高于表层;在OA组,三层之间的表达率有统计学差异(F=29.408,P=0.001),中层明显高于表层和深层,而表层和深层的差异不明显(P=0.575);在KBD组,三层之间的表达率有统计学差异(F=50.162,P=0.001),中层明显高于表层和深层,而表层和深层的差异也不明显(P=0.400),说明KBD软骨细胞内均有ATF6表达,中层表达率最高,见表1。
表1 三组软骨不同细胞层ATF6表达差异的比较±s,%)
2 KBD与OA和正常组关节软骨细胞CHOP表达比较在光学显微镜下观察免疫组化结果显示:CHOP主要表达于三组软骨细胞的细胞核及胞浆中(图2)。计算三组软骨不同分层CHOP表达阳性率:在表层,三组软骨组织表达率有明显差异(P=0.001),OA组表达率明显高于正常组和KBD组,但正常组和KBD组的统计学分析结果无差异(P=0.334);在中层,三组之间的表达率有显著差异(F=11.192,P=0.001),KBD组和OA组阳性表达率均明显高于正常组(P值分别为0.001和0.001),而OA组和KBD组之间无统计学差异(P=0.700);在深层,三组软骨组织的CHOP阳性率存在差异(F=3.193,P=0.048),表现在OA组高于KBD组(P=0.014)。
将三组软骨组织表层、中层和深层阳性细胞表达率进行统计分析,结果显示:在正常组,三层细胞表达率差异有统计意义(P=0.021),中层阳性表达率均高于表层(P=0.021),表层和深层无统计学差异;在OA组,三层之间的表达率有统计学差异(P=0.001),中层明显高于表层和深层,而表层和深层的差异不明显(P=0.376);在KBD组,三层之间的表达率有统计学差异(P=0.001),中层明显高于表层和深层,而表层和深层的差异也不明显(P=0.198),说明KBD软骨组织内CHOP主要表达于中层,见表2。
表2 三组软骨不同细胞层CHOP表达差异的比较±s,%)
讨 论
既往研究结果表明:KBD患者关节内发生了显著的软骨细胞死亡,且早期主要与软骨细胞过度凋亡有关,凋亡包括线粒体途径、死亡受体途径、JNK/P38途径、内质网应激四种途径,发表的研究结果表明线粒体途径、死亡受体途径、JNK/P38途径[7,8]均可能与KBD的病理变化有关,目前尚不明确内质网应激途径是否与KBD有关。
目前认为,ATF6主要与软骨细胞的增生分化有关,还可以抑制内质网介导的细胞凋亡[3,5]。在我们的研究中,ATF6表达上调提示,KBD软骨组织中软骨细胞过度凋亡后,ATF6代偿性表达增加,试图减少软骨细胞过度丢失,可能是一种对伤害性刺激的保护性反应。还需要我们进一步通过细胞分子生物学实验加以验证。
Gadd153/CHOP复合物可以通过降低Bcl-2含量和促进谷胱甘肽,促使内质网内钙离子代谢异常,从而诱发细胞凋亡[9]。内质网长期处于这种应激状态,最终可以促发凋亡性细胞死亡[10]。有研究报道:CHOP还可以同过增强死亡受体5表达诱导内质网应激性细胞凋亡[11]。内质网应激可通过线粒体途径诱导细胞凋亡[12]。软骨组织退变与细胞内质网应激性过度凋亡及细胞内保护性反应抑制[13]有关。软骨细胞内质网应激性凋亡机制与晚期糖化终产物聚集有关[14]。寡霉素A可通过CHOP介导的DR5过表达进而增强TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡[15]。本研究中发现KBD软骨组织细胞中CHOP表达异常增高,结合已发表的研究结果,我们认为KBD软骨组织细胞中CHOP高表达与其软骨组织中细胞过度凋亡有关。
进一步明确内质网应激是否导致KBD软骨细胞容易损伤或阻止了损伤后修复,及其内在分子学机制,是我们今后的主要研究方向之一。
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(收稿:2016-04-20)
Changed expression of protein molecule related to ER stress in KBD cartilage
Department of Orthopaedics of the Shaan’xi Province People’s Hospital
(Xi’an 710068)Yi ZhiWu ShixunLing Minget al
Objective: To investigate the expression of ATF6 and CHOP in KBD cartilage changes and its relationship with KBD cartilage injury.Methods: 7 specimens of articular cartilage were collected from KBD patients under operation (KBD group), 7 cases from patients suffered from osteoarthritis (OA group) as disease control, 6 normal cartilage as normal controls. Expression of AFT6 and CHOP as key regulators in ER stress of three groups articular cartilage was detected using immunohistochemical staining,significant differences expression among the articular cartilage was analyzed. Results:In middle layer, ATF6-positive expression rate in KBD group and OA group was significantly higher than this of normal cartilage group, while in the surface and deep, ATF6 positive cells among three groups was no statistical difference。In surface layer,CHOP-positive expression rate in OA cartilage was significantly higher than this of KBD and normal, while no statistical difference was found between KBD and the normal group; while in middle layer, CHOP-positive expression rate in KBD cartilage group and OA groupwas significantly higher than normal group, positive rate of deep in OA cartilage was higher than KBD group。 ATF6 of KBD and OA group was mainly expressed in the middle layer, whilemiddle and deep in normal cartilage, CHOP of KBD and OA group was mainly expressed in the middle layer.Conclusion: Both ATF6 and CHOP in middle layer of KBD cartilage was increased significantly, indicating that CHOP may be closely related to the KBD cartilage damage; while ATF6 was related with react Aive cell proliferation after cartilage injury.
Osteoarthropathy,primary hypertrophic/physiopathologyCartilage,articular/physiopathlogyEggwhite/metabolism@AFT6
R684.1
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000-7377.2016.09.004
*陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(2015SF138)