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“写长法”在高中英语写作教学中的案例与反思

2016-09-22华玉

考试周刊 2016年64期
关键词:高中英语写作教学案例教学反思

华玉

摘 要: 在高中英语教学中,写作无论是老师的教还是学生的学始终都是一个薄弱的环节,这两方面结果始终不尽如人意,我们一直都在探索可以提高英语写作能力的方法。本文通过基于“写长法”设计的高中英语教学案例实践,反思“写长法”在高中英语写作教学中的运用,为今后英语写作教学提供参考。

关键词: 写长法 高中英语写作 教学案例 教学反思

英语书面表达在高考中占的分值比重很大,要英语取得高分,毫无疑问,提高英语写作能力很有必要。在高中英语教学实际中,学生的书面表达得分率不是很高。很多学生厌恶写作,有的甚至不愿意进行写作活动,书面表达白卷现象严重。有的学生听到英语写作就头痛,觉得无话可说,完全是胡拼乱凑,最后词不成词,句不成句,更是难以成篇,英语写作的教与学都困难重重。为了扫除学生的写作心理障碍,加大学生的语言输出量,让学生产生成就感,王初明教授提出的“写长法”倡导在英语学习的中级阶段,以写为先导,以长度为可控变量,以写促学。本案例就是以“写长法”为指导设计的。

以The United kingdom writing教学案例为例:

教材分析:本教学内容选自《普通高中课程标准实验教材英语》(人教课标版)高二上册必修五第二单元“The United Kingdom”的speaking and writing部分,根据课本阅读文本的内容,加上学生写作薄弱的这一学情特点,本课是单纯作为独立的写作课来单独构思的。

学情分析:根据之前对于阅读文章的学习,学生对英国的国情及文化背景知识有一定的了解,也学习一些新单词和句子,如何把所学的内容利用到写作当中学以致用是英语老师始终关心的问题。

设计思想:鉴于学生已经学习一些词汇和句子,但不一定能使用的情况,在写作教学中需设置一些容易让学生很快可以进入写作的情境。所以一开始我采用的是仿写的方法,首先是句子的仿写,然后是语篇的仿写。在学生慢慢进入写作状态之后,再利用阅读文章的文本直观展示,进入本堂课写作的重点。然后从词汇的准备、语篇的准备再一次为学生打开写作通道。而且在题目的设置上,采用开放式话题写作,力求让学生真正做到有话可写,充分发挥他们的语言运用能力,希望达到可以让学生不再害怕写作的效果。多媒体能很好地利用各种教学资源,且直观性强,所以我采用多媒体课件形式,让学生更直观了解写作语篇的整体性,借此提高他们的写作兴趣。

Teaching goals

1.Target Language:

Important and useful words:

wonderful famous/world-famous special romantic popular splendid fancy grand historic wonderful unusual exciting excellent huge

Learn the usage of some important sentences.

2.Ability goals:

Enable the students to write passages by using what they learnt.

3.Learning ability goals:

Help the students learn how to write passages by using what they learnt.

Teaching important and difficult points:

How to arouse students interest of English writing.

How to improve students writing ability.

Teaching methods:

Task-based approach.

Teaching aids:

A computer and a projector.

Teaching procedures:

Step Ⅰ Revision and Lead-in

Task 1:Fill in the blanks.

Ask the students to fill in the blanks using the words and expressions learnt in the text.

The United Kingdom ___(由……组成)four countries:England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland,___ is known to the world in a flag ___ (call) the Union Jack.The four countries do work together in some areas,but they have developed different ___(教育的)and legal systems.England,the largest of the four countries,is ___(大致)divided into three zones.Its capital,London,has been influenced by the invaders of England,and you will find the greatest ___ (历史的)treasure in it.

设计意图:通过课文语篇填空,一方面可以检查学生对于已学过的阅读文章的了解程度,达到复习词汇的目的,另一方面可以加强学生对语篇的整体把握,为接下来的写作做好基本的词汇准备。

Task 2:Imitate some important sentences.

Ask the students to write sentences according to the given model.

例句:The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums,art collections,theatres,parks and buildings.

仿写:作为奥运项目,射击稳步发展,1896年奥运会只有三个项目,现今有17项。

模仿要点:将两个简单句合并成一句,并很好地运用with+N.作定语。

例句:Now when people refer to England you find Wakes included as well

仿写:当人们谈到我们班的高材生时,你会发现汤姆也包括其中。

模仿要点:句子结构:when...you will find sb included as well

例句:There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.

仿写:你没有必要花很多时间做英语练习而不加思考。

模仿要点:句子结构:there is no need to do sth

例句:It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.

仿写:很遗憾由于下雨运动会不能如期举行。

模仿要点:句子结构:It is a pity that...

例句:What interested her most was the longitude line.

仿写:父母亲最担心的是我们的安全和健康。

模仿要点:主语从句作主语

设计意图:让学生根据课文中的重要句子进行句子仿写,并告诉学生模仿的重点,不仅可以进一步复习所学的句型,而且在仿写句子的时候加深记忆和理解,有助于学生学会运用。另外,在仿写时,学生不会觉得在写的时候无从下手,更不会觉得写是一件很难的事情,可以消除学生的抗拒心理。

Task 3:Imitate writing a letter.

Ask the students to write a reply letter according to the given letter.

Sample letter:

Dear Bob,

How are you recently?Im glad to tell you that Im going to study in Britain next year.Therefore,Im eager to learn more about Britain.Could you offer any information to me?

As far as I know,the weather is very changeable in Britain,is that true?I hope you can tell me more about the climate in Britain so that I can make preparations in advance.Ive also heard that the underground systems in many big cities are well developed.Does it mean that I can travel around just by taking the underground?

Of course,what I care about most is the school life in Britain.I think it will be very interesting and exciting,but can you give me more details about it?Do you have to do a lot of homework just as we do?Can overseas students participate in all kinds of activities in your school?

By the way,Id like to know whether I can find any Chinese food in Britain or not.You see,Im not sure whether or not I can get used to the foods in your country.Im looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely

Li Lei

设计意图:让学生仿写作文有助于学生对语篇的把握,而且这篇作文刚好是针对我们的阅读文章的写作反馈。不仅如此,让学生注意连接词的运用,学生在写回信时甚至就可以重复使用所给的高级词汇,让学生觉得写作其实是一件快乐的事情,让每个学生都参与写作,体会到写作的成就感。

Step Ⅱ Reading and writing

Task 1:Reading.

Read the passage “Why not visit our local castle”and prepare for the writing.

设计意图:在简单的写作之后,让学生回到课本的阅读文本当中,进一步了解更多的阅读信息,学习更多的词汇和句子的表达。

Task 2:Preparations for writing:

1.Show some interesting adjectives.

wonderful famous/ world-famous special romantic popular splendid fancy grand historic wonderful unusual exciting excellent huge

设计意图:为写作做好词汇的准备,避免文章出现词汇匮乏的情形。

2.Learn to express 5 points (what,when,where,why and how)

What

Example:这个伟大的石堡是世界上最伟大的石堡之一。

When

1.It was constructed in

2.It was built/set up in/when/ before/after...

Where

1.It is only five minutes away from the main road.

2.It is 3 hoursdrive from...to...

3.It is located in... It lies in...

4. It is next to...

Why

You can enjoy/admire/find...

You will be attracted by it.

You will feel thrilled/ amazed/shocked/ excited by...

How

how to persuade people to go there

how to reach there

设计意图:加强学生对句式和语篇的把握,让学生形成写作的思维。

Task 3:Writing:Why not visit ___________?

Ask the students to write about the place they know quite well.

设计意图:联系阅读文本,设置开放性的写作话题,让学生有话可说,有句可写,写作,不再是一个问题。

Step Ⅲ:Summary and homework

Ask the students to swap with their partner and check for any errors.

Ask the students to read more passage on visiting places and try to remember some beautiful sentences.

设计意图:让学生互相交换作业、实行互评、相互学习的同时,发现自己的问题,进一步改正。号召学生加强课外阅读,为写作增添素材,拓宽自己的知识面。语言的学习重在积累,这样才可以实现全面提升。

教学反思:多媒体课件的使用增强了课堂容量和教学的直观性。本节课旨在培养学生学英语和用英语的能力,学用结合,促进积极思维和有效表达,在设计时希望激发学生参与活动的热情,让学生在比较轻松愉快的生活情景中掌握知识,结果大部分学生对仿写展现出很大的热情,积极地参与写作当,一定程度实现这堂课的教学目标。但是在写作时,仍然不能很好地灵活运用词汇和句式,高级词汇的运用效果不明显。根据“写长法”的指导思想,有目的地对学生进行阅读材料和写作教学的结合,适当地引导学生写长句子,写作自然就容易起来。今后将加强“写长法”写作练习或是相关语言运用能力的培养训练。

参考文献:

[1]王初明.外语“写长法”的教学理念.《外国语言学及应用语言学研究》,2002(1):99-105.中央编译出版社.

[2]方文礼.外语任务型教学法纵横谈[J].外语与外语教学,2003(9).

[3]岳守国.任务语言教学法:概要、理据及运用[J].外语教学与研究,2002(9).

[4]郑超.英语“写长法”课程设计[J].外国语言文学,2005(1).

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