急性脑梗死患者发生阿司匹林抵抗的危险因素
2016-09-09张仕娟宋玉宁李乃坤孙锡波李炳选
张仕娟,宋玉宁,李乃坤,孙锡波,李炳选
(潍坊医学院附属益都中心医院,山东青州 262500)
急性脑梗死患者发生阿司匹林抵抗的危险因素
张仕娟,宋玉宁,李乃坤,孙锡波,李炳选
(潍坊医学院附属益都中心医院,山东青州 262500)
目的探讨急性脑梗死患者发生阿司匹林抵抗(AR)的危险因素。方法162例急性脑梗死患者于入院当日开始口服阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg/d,服用阿司匹林10 d后,根据血小板聚集实验结果将患者分为阿司匹林抵抗(AR)者(AR组,49例)和非AR者(非AR组,113例),收集患者一般临床资料,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测血小板中微小RNA-19a(miR-19a),利用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析影响AR发生的影响因素,利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估血小板miR-19a表达量预测AR的价值。结果AR组血小板miR-19a表达量为0.78±0.09、2型糖尿病26例(53.1%),非AR组血小板miR-19a表达量为0.59±0.11、2型糖尿病34例(30.1%),两组比较,P均<0.05。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血小板miR-19a表达量升高是影响急性脑梗死患者发生AR的独立危险因素(OR=4.82,95%CI:1.374~15.835)。ROC曲线分析显示,当miR-19a截断值为0.69时,ROC曲线下面积为0.927(95%CI:0.888~0.966),诊断急性脑梗死的灵敏度为93.9%、特异度为82.3%。结论急性脑梗死AR患者血小板miR-19a表达升高,是AR发生的独立危险因素,可作为预测急性脑梗死发生AR的指标。
急性脑梗死;阿司匹林抵抗;微小RNA-19a
急性脑梗死是临床常见的危急症,具有较高的致死、致残率,严重影响患者生存质量。研究[1]表明,血小板活化、黏附和聚集在血栓形成中发挥关键性作用,是脑梗死的重要病理基础。抗血小板治疗是急性脑梗死的常规治疗方法之一,其中阿司匹林是常用的药物[2],然而患者会经常出现阿司匹林抵抗(AR)现象[3,4]。研究[5]表明,血小板活化涉及多种微小RNA(miRNA)表达变化,miRNA表达变化会影响血小板活性。微小RNA-19a(miR-19a)可通过影响内皮细胞黏附、增殖而影响血管新生,与血小板聚集关系密切[6]。本研究对49例急性脑梗死患者发生AR者的临床资料作回顾性分析,并总结其危险因素。
1 资料与方法
1.1临床资料2013年2月~2015年8月潍坊医学院附属益都中心医院收治的急性脑梗死患者162例,男94例,女68例;年龄39~77(61.4±10.5)岁。均符合第四届全国脑血管病会议修订的诊断标准,并经影像学检查确诊,均为首次发病,发病时间4~72 h。排除标准:①具有出血倾向者;②血小板计数>450×109/L或<100×109/L;③合并有重要脏器功能障碍、肿瘤、造血系统疾病者;④近30 d行外科手术治疗者,使用非甾体类抗炎药、华法林、低分子肝素等可能影响血小板功能的药物者;⑤对口服阿司匹林过敏者,或有其他禁忌证者。所有患者于入院当日开始口服阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg/d,服用阿司匹林10 d后,根据血小板聚集实验结果将患者分为阿司匹林抵抗(AR)者(AR组,49例)和非AR者(非AR组,113例)。
2 结果
AR组血小板miR-19a表达量为0.78±0.09、2型糖尿病26例(53.1%),非AR组血小板miR-19a表达量为0.59±0.11、2型糖尿病34例(30.1%),两组比较,P均<0.05。AR组男30例(61.2%)、女19例(38.8%)、高血压32例(65.3%)、吸烟16例(32.7%),对照组男64例(56.6%)、女49例(43.4%)、高血压63例(55.8%)、吸烟31例(27.4%),两组比较,P均>0.05。两组年龄、白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板计数、纤维蛋白原、LDL-C、C反应蛋白、白蛋白、糖化血红蛋白比较见表1,由表1可知,两组各指标比较,P均>0.05。将血小板miR-19a表达量、2型糖尿病进行多因素Logistic回归分析,显示血小板miR-19a表达量升高是影响急性脑梗死患者发生AR的独立危险因素(OR=4.82,95%CI:1.374~15.835)。ROC曲线分析显示,当miR-19a截断值为0.69时,ROC曲线下面积为0.927(95%CI:0.888~0.966),诊断急性脑梗死的灵敏度为93.9%、特异度为82.3%。
表1 两组年龄、白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板计数、纤维蛋白原、LDL-C、C反应蛋白、白蛋白、糖化血红蛋白比较±s)
3 讨论
近年来,随着人们生活方式的转变及老龄化的加剧,急性脑梗死发病率呈逐年上升趋势[7],严重威胁人类生存健康。研究[8]证实,抑制血小板活化是有效预防脑梗死发生及复发的手段。阿司匹林是目前临床上最为常用且疗效确定的抗血小板药物,可抑制血小板聚集[9]。然而文献[10]报道,服用阿司匹林药物者中有5.5%~65.0%发生AR。AR可增加急性脑梗死患者复发缺血性血管事件的风险,是缺血性血管事件复发的独立危险因素[11]。本研究采用血小板聚集实验判断AR,结果显示162例患者中发生AR者49例。
目前,AR发生机制尚未研究清楚,可能与服药依从性、剂量及炎症、疾病严重程度、血小板更新速度等有关[12]。本研究对AR与非AR患者一般临床指标进行比较时,发现AR患者中2型糖尿病比例高于非AR患者,提示2型糖尿病可能是影响AR发生的危险因素。miRNA作为一种高度保守的单链非编码RNA,研究[13]表明血小板活化过程中可出现多种miRNA表达变化。miR-19a作为miR-17-92基因簇编码成员,参与调控血管内皮细胞黏附及增殖过程,与血管新生密切相关[14]。有研究[15]指出,miR-19a高表达可通过抑制凝血酶敏感蛋白1表达而抑制肿瘤组织血管新生。本研究显示,AR者血小板miR-19a表达量显著高于非AR者,说明急性脑梗死患者血小板miR-19a表达升高可能参与了AR发生。进一步对影响AR发生的因素进行分析,发现血小板miR-19a表达量是影响急性脑梗死患者发生AR的独立危险因素;ROC曲线分析显示,当miR-19a截断值为0.69时,ROC曲线下面积为0.927(95%CI:0.888~0.966),诊断急性脑梗死的灵敏度为93.9%、特异度为82.3%。说明急性脑梗死患者血小板miR-19a表达量可作为预测AR发生的生物学指标。
总之,急性脑梗死AR患者血小板miR-19a表达量升高,是AR发生的独立危险因素,可作为预测急性脑梗死发生AR的指标。
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Risk factors for aspirin resistance in patients with acute cerebral infarction
ZHANG Shijuan, SONG Yuning, LI Naikun, SUN Xipo, LI Bingxuan
(Yidu Center Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou 262500, China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for aspirin resistance (AR) in patients with acute cerebral infarction. MethodsTotally 162 cases of patients with acute cerebral infarction received aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100 mg/d at the beginning of the day of admission. After taking aspirin 10 d, all patients were divided into the AR group (49 cases) and non-AR group (113 cases) according to the results of platelet aggregation test. The clinical data of patients were collected. The expression of microRNA-19a (miR-19a) in the platelets was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The influencing factors for the occurrence of AR were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. The predictive value of expression of miR-19a in platelet for AR was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). ResultsThe expression level of miR-19a in the AR group was 0.78±0.09, the type 2 diabetes were found in 26 cases (53.1%), while in the non-AR group, the expression level of miR-19a was 0.59±0.11, the type 2 diabetes were found in 34 cases (30.1%), and significant difference was found between the two groups, all P<0.05. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased expression of miR-19a in platelet was an independent risk factor for AR in patients with acute cerebral infarction (OR=4.82, 95% CI:1.374-15.835). ROC curve analysis showed that, when miR-19a cutoff value was 0.69, the area under the ROC curve was 0.927 (95% CI:0.888-0.966), the sensitivity was 93.9% and the specificity was 82.3%. ConclusionThe expression of miR-19a in platelet of AR in patients with acute cerebral infarction is increased, which is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of AR and may be used as an indicator to predict the occurrence of AR in acute cerebral infarction.
acute cerebral infarction; aspirin resistance; micro RNA-19a
潍坊市科技局科研课题资助项目(2015ws109)。
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.15.022
R741.02
B
1002-266X(2016)15-0062-03
2016-02-17)