动词短语考·查·热·点·例·析·
2016-08-05仲维芒
文/仲维芒
动词短语考·查·热·点·例·析·
文/仲维芒
责任编辑:李丁文
动词短语考点常以单项选择、完形填空、完成句子等题型作为载体,主要针对部分常用的动词短语进行考查。本文主要分析如何做好动词短语的辨析题。动词短语的考查形式主要有以下四种。
一、同一个动词与不同的介词、副词搭配
【中考真题1】(2015年海南卷)No matter how hard it is,don’t____.Things will be better in the future.
A.give outB.give upC.give away
解析:四个短语中的动词都是give。句意为:“不管有多么困难,都不要……”。据此可以推断,空格处应该选give up表示“放弃”。give out意为“分发;公布;停止运行”,give away表示“赠送”,均与句意不符。答案选B。
【中考真题2】(2015年永州卷)We should learn to____ourselves in life.
A.look atB.look forC.look after
解析:四个短语中的动词都是look。look after ourse lves表示“照顾我们自己”,look at意为“看”,look for意思是“寻找”,根据语境和句意,应该选C。
【中考真题3】(2015年淮安卷)Steven,go to bed now.You should____before six tomorrow,or you’ll miss the plane.
A.get o ffB.get upC.get onD.get a long
解析:四个短语中的动词都是get。句意为:“你应该在明天6点之前起床,否则将错过飞机”。get along表示“相处”,get off“下车”,get on“上车”均不合句意,因此应该选B,get up意思是“起床”。
二、不同的动词与同一个介词、副词搭配
【中考真题4】(2015年河南卷)____a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself.
A.Try onB.Get onC.Turn onD.Put on
解析:不同的动词与介词on搭配,意思都不同。try on意为“试穿”,get on表示“上车”,turn on意为“打开”,put on意为“穿上”。上题的句意是:“必要的时候打开灯,你将把光明带给别人和你自己”。答案选C。
【中考真题5】(2015年荆州卷)—The group of boys and girls____to study in college this morning,full of nice dreams.
—I believe their dreams can come true one day.
A.set offB.fell o ffC.put offD.kept off
解析:四个不同的动词与介词off搭配,识记并辨析其词义有难度。fell off意思是“跌倒”,put o ff意为“延期;敷衍;使分心;脱去(衣、帽等)”,kep to ff的意思是“不接近;禁食;没有下(雨、雪等);避开某一话题”,set off意为“出发”。句意是:“今天早晨一群孩子带着美好的梦想进入大学学习。”“我相信他们有一天能够梦想成真。”答案选A。
【中考真题6】(2015年河北卷)President Xi Jinping calls on Chinese people to all the food each meal.
A.eat upB.use upC.p ick upD.cut up
解析:空格后是all the food each meal(每餐所有的饭菜),稍加联想就可知这与“光盘行动”有关,eat up表示“吃光”。use up意思是“用光;用完”,pick up意思是“挑选;拾起”,cut up表示“切碎”,均不合语境。答案选A。
【中考真题7】(2015年丽水卷)The great writer has written many stories for child ren. It is said that a new one willat the end of this month.
A.go outB.come outC.look outD.run out
解析:go out意为“出去”,come out意为“出来;出版”,look out意为“当心”,run out意为“用完;结束”。该题句意为:“据说一本新书将于本月底出版。”答案选B。
【中考真题8】(2015年荆州卷)His leg is seriously injured in the accident.____a doc tor at once.
A.Ask forB.Send forC.Wait forD.Look for
解析:ask for的意思是“寻求;询问”,send for意为“派人去请”,wait for意思是“等候;等待”,look for表示“寻找”。句意为:“他的腿在事故中严重受伤。立刻派人去请医生。”根据题意,答案为B。
三、动词短语用主动形式还是被动形式
【中考真题9】(2014年哈尔滨卷)On June 11th,2013,Shenzhou-10 carrying threeastronauts____into space from the space center in Jiuquan.All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.
A.sent upB.are sent upC.was sent up
解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态结构。由On June 11 th,2013可知,该句应该用一般过去时态,排除B;主语Shenzhou-10与谓语动词sent up之间为被动关系,应该用被动语态,答案选C。
【中考真题10】(2015年泰州卷)Their happiness only lasted for a while,for the warsoon a fter they go tmarried.
A.break outB.was broken outC.is broken outD.broke out
解析:break out的意思是“爆发;发生”。汉语中我们可以说“爆发战争”或“战争爆发”,但英语中只能说the war broke out(战争爆发)。换句话说,break out表示“爆发;发生”时不可用被动形式。句意是:“他们的幸福是短暂的,因为他们婚后不久就爆发了战争。”答案选D。
【中考真题11】(2015年黑龙江卷)—My aunt goes to climb mountains every Sunday.
—Oh?But she____hate c limbing mountains.
A.used toB.was used toC.is used to
解析:used to do表示“过去常常做某事,而现在往往不做了”;be used to doing表示“习惯于做某事”;be used to do表示“……被用来做某事”。该题句意为:“我的阿姨每个星期日都去爬山。”“哦?但她过去很讨厌爬山。”根据句意,答案选A。
四、辨析多重动词短语
辨析多重动词短语的关键在于依据动词的基本意思,结合介词的含义,判断动词短语的表面意义或引申意义,然后按照题干出现的语境,再结合选项进行选择。
1.动词+副词+介词。常见的有go on with,catch up with等。这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词后面。如:Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.After a short rest,he went on with his research work.
2.动词+名词+介词。常见的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to, make fun of等。这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词后面。
【中考真题12】(2015年河南卷)Jane is very busy these days,for she has a lot of problems to____.
A.deal withB.keep up withC.ag ree withD.come up with
解析:句意为:“简这些天非常忙,因为她有很多问题要处理。”keep up with意为“紧跟;跟上;不落人之后;齐肩并进”;agree with表示“同意”;come up with意思是“想出;提出;追赶上;设法拿出”。根据题意,答案选A。
【中考真题13】(2014年山西卷)A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life.It is important for students to learn how to____each other.
A.get on withB.come over toC.stay away from
解析:该题题意为:“复旦大学的一名学生仅仅因为日常生活的一点小事被他的室友杀害了。学生学会如何彼此相处很重要。”get on with意思是“相处”;come over to意思是“从远方(或克服障碍后)过来”;stay away from意为“躲避;离……远点”。根据题意,选A。
【好题推荐】
1.(2015年兰州卷)He ate a lot and did little exercise,so he____10 pounds.
A.put onB.put awayC.put outD.put off
2.(2015年兰州卷)This place____a factory but now it is a park.
A.used to beingB.used to beC.is used toD.using to be
3.(2015年荆门卷)—Tom,w hat’s wrong with you?You look tired.
—Oh,I____late to watch a football game last night.I slept for only two hours.
A.gave upB.looked upC.set upD.stayed up
4.(2015年宿迁卷)UNICEF w as____in 1946 to im prove child ren’s lives after World War II.
A.given upB.put upC.se t upD.got up
5.(2015年青岛卷)They heard the party was____because of the exam.
A.put onB.put upC.put offD.put down
6.(2015年青岛卷)—My cousin has a sore throat.
—She’d better____.
A.drink water with honeyB.see a dentist
C.take a showerD.get an x-ray
7.(2015年黄冈卷)—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home?
—You’re supposed to____a study group to help them.
A.take upB.fix upC.set upD.stay up
8.(2015年无锡卷)The governments should____the use of new type of energy to make a greener world.
A.push inB.push forC.put outD.put up
9.(2015年黑河卷)Don’t fo rget to____the lights before you leave the classroom.
A.turn offB.turn dow nC.turn up
10.(2015年浙江卷)Scientists are trying their best to____ways to treat the terrib le disease called H7N9.
A.come up withB.look fo rw ard toC.talk aboutD.give up
Key:1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.C8.A9.A10.A