中国薹草属(莎草科)植物资料增补III

2016-07-01赵晓超鲁益飞岑佳梦杨东旭金孝锋

浙江大学学报（理学版） 2016年4期

关键词：标本浙江植物

赵晓超，鲁益飞，岑佳梦，杨东旭，金孝锋*

(1. 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院，浙江杭州 310036； 2. 浙江旅游职业学院，浙江杭州 310013)

中国薹草属(莎草科)植物资料增补III

赵晓超1，鲁益飞1，岑佳梦1，杨东旭2，金孝锋1*

(1. 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院，浙江杭州 310036； 2. 浙江旅游职业学院，浙江杭州 310013)

在采集、整理和鉴定我国7个植物标本馆中收藏的中国莎草科Cyperaceae薹草属Carex标本的过程中，发现了1个中国新记录种和15个省级分布新记录种.玄界萌黄薹草Carexgenkaiensis为在浙江省发现的中国分布新记录；陕西新记录种有肿喙薹草C.oedorrhampha，甘肃新记录种有华山薹草C.huashanica和泽库薹草C.zekogensis，河南新记录种有华山薹草，安徽新记录种有眉县薹草C.meihsienica，浙江新记录种有等高薹草C.aequialta和褐穗薹草C.sabynensis，江西新记录种有硬果薹草C.sclerocarpa和横纹薹草C.rugata，广西新记录种有茶色薹草C.fulvorubescens，湖北新记录种有反折果薹草C.retrofracta，湖南新记录种有拟穿孔薹草C.foraminatiformis、肿喙薹草、反折果薹草和近蕨薹草C.subfilicinoides，四川新记录种有华山薹草和毛囊薹草C.inanis，重庆新记录种有拟穿孔薹草，贵州新记录种有拟柔果薹草C.submollicula，云南新记录种有硬果薹草，西藏新记录种有密花薹草C.confertiflora.

薹草属；莎草科；新记录；中国

莎草科Cyperaceae薹草属CarexL.约有2 000种，是单子叶植物最大的属，也是被子植物的大属之一，世界广布[1-3].由于薹草属种类多，分布广，加之标本和文献分散，其分类问题十分突出[4].在对中国薹草属植物分类研究时，地理分布新记录也多有报道[5-9].

近年来基于对中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)、江苏省中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(NAS)、中国科学院西北高原生物研究所标本馆(HNWP)、西北农林科技大学植物标本馆(WUK)、西北师范大学植物标本馆(NWTC)等馆藏薹草属标本的查阅、整理和鉴定，笔者在采集薹草属标本的过程中，发现了中国薹草属分布新记录1种，省级分布新记录15种.作为对中国薹草属分类研究资料的补充，特予以报道.

1 中国分布新记录

1.1 玄界萌黄薹草(新拟)

Carex genkaiensis Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 34. 1938.

多年生草本.根状茎短，木质.秆丛生，三棱形，高25～35 cm，平滑，基部具灰褐色，分裂成纤维状的老叶鞘.叶短于秆，宽2～3 mm，平张，上部边缘粗糙.苞片下部叶状，上部者短叶状或刚毛状，具鞘；苞鞘长5～25 mm，最下部者最长，向上渐短.小穗4或5；顶生者雄性，线状圆柱形，长5～15 mm，直径1～2 mm，具极短的柄，与其下的雌小穗接近；侧生小穗雌性，圆柱形，长1～2 cm，直径2～3.5 mm，具稍密的花，小穗柄保藏于苞鞘中.雄花鳞片淡褐色，倒狭卵状椭圆形，长约5 mm，先端圆钝，背面具褐色1脉.雌花鳞片淡黄褐色，卵形或宽卵形，长2～2.5 mm，先端急尖或具短芒，背面具绿色3脉.果囊长于雌花鳞片，卵球形，钝三棱形，长3～3.5 mm，具多条细脉，疏被短毛，基部渐狭，顶端收缩成短喙，喙口微凹.瘦果紧包于果囊中，菱卵球形，三棱状，成熟时栗色，长约2 mm，基部具柄，顶端具长约0.2 mm的短圆柱状喙，3棱中部缢缩， 3个棱面上下凹陷；花柱基部稍增粗；柱头3.相应细节如图1所示.

China. Zhejiang (浙江), Zhenhai (镇海), Chengwan (城湾), under forests, 9 Apr. 1932, X. Y. He (贺贤育) 964 (PE).

本种与宜昌薹草CarexascotretaC. B. Clarke接近，主要区别在瘦果先端具长仅0.2 mm的短圆柱状喙，雌花鳞片先端圆钝或具短芒[10-12].

本种日语名为“genkai-moegi-suge”，“genkai”为日本地名“玄界”，“moegi”意为“在春天颜色”，“suge”意为“薹草”，故中文名拟为“玄界萌黄薹草”.

2 中国省级分布新记录

2.1 等高薹草(中国植物志)

Carex aequialta Kük. in H. G. A. Engler, Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38): 354, fig. 57. 1909. S. Y. Liang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 424, pl. 87: 9-11. 2000. S. Y. Liang, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23:429.2010.

China. Zhejiang (浙江), Lin’an (临安), Changhua (昌化), Mount. Qianqingtang (千顷塘), on slopes under forests, 23 May 2015, X. F. Jin (金孝锋) 3530 (HTC).

分布于我国安徽、江苏，日本也有分布[1-2].浙江分布新记录.

2.2 密花薹草(中国植物志)

Carex confertiflora Boott in Mem. Acad. Arts, n.s., 6: 418. 1858. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 293. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 377. 2010.

China. Tibet (西藏), Motuo (墨脱), under forests, 21 May 1983, B. S. Li et al (李渤生等) 3715 (PE).

分布于我国湖北、贵州、云南，日本也有分布[1-2].西藏分布新记录.

图1 玄界萌黄薹草Fig.1 Carex genkaiensis Ohwi

2.3 拟穿孔薹草(中国植物志)

Carex foraminatiformis Y. C. Tang & S. Yun Liang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 152 et 521, pl. 31: 1-4. 2000. Y. C. Tang & al. in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 322. 2010.

China. Chongqing (重庆), Nanchuan (南川), Daheba (大河坝), 13 Apr. 1938, G. L. Qu (曲桂龄) 6045 (NAS, PE); Beibei (北碚), 10 Mar. 1932, T. H. Tü 2781A (PE).

分布于贵州、四川[1-2].重庆分布新记录.

2.4 茶色薹草(中国植物志)

Carex fulvorubescens Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 283. 1911. S. Y. Liang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 247. 2000. S. Y. Liang & T. Koyama in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 360. 2010.

China. Guangxi (广西), Xing’an (兴安), Mount. Maoer (猫儿山), roadside, 27 Apr. 2004, X. F. Jin (金孝锋) 1068 (HTC).

分布于台湾[1-2].广西分布新记录.

2.5 华山薹草(植物分类学报)

Carex huashanica Tang & F. T. Wang ex L. K. Dai in Acta Phytotax. Sin 32: 186, fig. 6: 1-4. 1994. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 300, pl. 62: 7-9. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 380. 2010.

China. Gansu (甘肃), Tianshui (天水), Dangchuan (党川), Mount. Huoyan (火焰山), under forests, 22 Jun. 1964, K. J. Fu (傅坤俊) 15408 (KUN). Henan (河南), Songxian (嵩县), Longwangwan (龙王湾), 24 Aug. 1960, Henan Exped. (河南队) 2374 (KUN, PE); Yichuan (奕川), 1959, Bot. Exped. (普查队) 20654 (KUN). Sichuan (四川), Dajin (大金), 15 May 1958, X. Li (李馨) 77413 (PE).

分布于陕西(华山)、云南(屏边)[1-2,13].甘肃、河南、四川分布新记录.

2.6 毛囊薹草(中国高等植物图鉴)

Carex inanis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 522. 1837. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 134, pl. 27: 1-4. 2000. L. K. Dai & T. Koyama in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 315. 2010.

China. Sichuan (四川), Luding (泸定), Mount. Gongga (贡嘎山), 12 Jul. 1982, K. Y. Lang et al (郎楷永等) 592 (PE).

分布于我国云南、西藏，尼泊尔、印度、不丹等国也有分布[1-2].四川分布新记录.

2.7 眉县薹草(秦岭植物志)

Carex meihsienica K. T. Fu in Fl. Tsinling. 1(1): 445 et 253, fig. 270. 1976. P. C. Li in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 197. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 339. 2010.

China. Anhui (安徽), Mount. Huang (黄山), roadsides under forests, 28 Apr. 2015, JIN X F (金孝锋) 3438, 3439, 3440, 3441(HTC).

分布于陕西[1-2].安徽分布新记录.

2.8 肿喙薹草(中国植物志)

Carex oedorrhampha Nelmes in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 659. 1939. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 290, pl. 59: 4-6. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 376. 2010.

China. Hunan (湖南), Longshan (龙山), Wuya (乌牙), by stream, 11 May 1958, L. H. Liu (刘林翰) 1635 (KUN, PE); Yongshun (永顺), Xiaoxi Natural Reserve (小溪自然保护区), under forests, 26 May 1988, Beijing Exped. (北京队) 78 (PE). Shaanxi (陕西), Ningshan (宁陕), Guankou (关口), 10 May 1959. J. Q. Xing (邢吉庆) 1718 (WUK).

分布于我国广东、云南，越南、泰国、印度、不丹、印度尼西亚也有分布[1-2].湖南、陕西分布新记录.

2.9 反折果薹草(中国植物志)

Carex retrofracta Kük. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 27: 110. 1929. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 288, pl. 59: 1-3. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 375. 2010.

China. Hubei (湖北), Zhuxi (竹溪), in valleys, 27 Apr. 2008, Q. L. Gan (甘启良) 2948 (PE). Hunan (湖南), Yongshun (永顺), Xiaoxi Natural Reserve (小溪自然保护区), on slopes under forests, 5 Jun. 1988, Beijing Exped. (北京队) 155, 101139 (PE); Yuanling (沅陵), in valleys, 8 Jun. 1988, Wuling Exped. (武陵队) 64 (PE).

分布于浙江[1-2].湖南、湖北分布新记录.

2.10 横纹薹草(安徽植物志)

Carex rugata Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 76. 1932. Y. C. Tang in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 156. 2000. Y. C. Tang & al. in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 323. 2010.

China. Jiangxi (江西), Pingxiang (萍乡), Mount Wugong (武功山), roadsides, 23 May 2014, W. J. Chen & W. W. Yang (陈伟杰, 杨王伟) 417 (HTC).

分布于我国安徽、浙江、福建，日本也有分布[1-2, 5].江西分布新记录.

2.11 褐穗薹草(东北草本植物志)

Carex sabynensis Less. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 440. 1837. Anonymous in Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 11: 126. 1976.

China. Zhejiang(浙江), Lin’an (临安), Changhua (昌化), Mount. Lontang (龙塘山), roadsides, 1 May 2007, X. F. Jin et al (金孝锋等) 1764, 1765 (HTC); Lin’an (临安), Changhua (昌化), Mount Qianqingtang (千顷塘), roadsides under forests, 19 May 2008, X. F. Jin (金孝锋) 2118 (HTC).

分布于我国东北三省，日本、俄罗斯、蒙古等国也有分布[1-2,14].浙江分布新记录.

2.12 硬果薹草(中国高等植物图鉴)

Carex sclerocarpa Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 8, 7: 91. 1895. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 286, pl. 57: 10-12. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 374. 2010.

China. Jiangxi (江西), Nanfeng (南丰), Mount. Shenhui (神会山), 27 Apr. 1958, M. X. Nie & S. S. Lai (聂敏祥, 赖书坤) 2396 (KUN). Yunnan (云南), Xichou (西畴), Fadou (法斗), under ever-green forests, 3 May 1964, S. Z. Wang (王守正) 10 (KUN).

分布于安徽、湖南、四川、贵州[1-2,15].江西、云南分布新记录.

2.13 近蕨薹草(中国高等植物图鉴)

Carex subfilicinoides Kük. in Acta Horti Gothob. 5: 42. 1930. P. C. Li in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 78, pl. 15: 1-5. 2000. S. R. Zhang, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 292. 2010.

China. Hunan (湖南), Wugang (武岗), Yunshan (云山), in valleys, 3 Oct. 1963, L. H. Liu & G. Z. He (刘林翰, 何观洲) 16112 (WUK).

分布于湖北、四川、云南[1-2].湖南分布新记录.

2.14 似柔果薹草(植物分类学报)

Carex submollicula Tang & F. T. Wang ex L. K. Dai in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32: 186, fig. 6: 5-8.1994. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 303, pl. 61: 5-8. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 381. 2010.

China. Guizhou (贵州), Leishan (雷山), Mount. Leigong (雷公山), on slopes, 29 Apr. 1959, S. Guizhou Exped. (黔南队) 918 (KUN).

分布于浙江、福建、江西、广东[1-2].贵州分布新记录.

2.15 泽库薹草(植物分类学报)

Carex zekogensis Y. C. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 362, fig. 1. 1980. L. K. Dai in L. K. Dai & S. Y. Liang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 12: 272. 2000. L. K. Dai, T. Koyama & G. C. Tucker in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, Fl. China 23: 369. 2010.

China. Gansu (甘肃), Maqu (玛曲), 4 Oct. 2011, X. Yin et al (尹鑫等) LiuJQ-GN-2011-161 (HNWP); Sunan (肃南), 26 Aug. 1982, X. F. Tang (汤学峰) 905 (HTC, NWTC).

分布于青海[1-2].甘肃分布新记录.

中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)、江苏省中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(NAS)、中国科学院西北高原生物研究所标本馆(HNWP)、西北农林科技大学植物标本馆(WUK)、西北师范大学植物标本馆(NWTC)和杭州师范大学植物标本馆(HTC)为查阅标本提供方便，日本冈山理科大学(Okayama University of Science)矢野兴一(Yano Okihito)博士对中国新记录种的中文名拟定提供了宝贵的建议，在此一并致谢！

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Noteworthy plants ofCarexL. (Cyperaceae) from China III.

ZHAO Xiaochao1, LU Yifei1, CEN Jiameng1, YANG Dongxu2, JIN Xiaofeng1

(1.CollegeofLifeandEnvironmentalSciences,HangzhouNormalUniversity,Hangzhou310036,China; 2.ZhejiangTourismCollege,Hangzhou310013,China)

As a supplement of the sedges (Carex-Cyperaceae) to China, the present paper has reportedCarexgenkaiensisnewly recorded in China, as well as other fifteen species as new distribution records for the provinces of China.Carexoedorrhamphais newly recorded for Shaanxi Province,C.huashanicaandC.zekogensisare newly recorded for Gansu Province.CarexhuashanicaandC.meihsienicaare newly recorded for Henan and Anhui Province, respectively.CarexaequialtaandC.sabynensisare two distribution records for Zhejiang Province, whileC.sclerocarpaandC.rugataare newly recorded for Jiangxi Province.Carexfulvorubescensis a new record for Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, andC.retrofractais a new record for Hubei Province.Carexforaminatiformis,C.oedorrhampha,C.retrofractaandC.subfilicinoidesare newly recorded for Hunan Province.Carex.HuashanicaandC.inanisare two new records for Sichuan Province, andC.foraminatiformisis newly recorded for Chongqing.CarexsubmolliculaandC.confertifloraare newly recorded for Guizhou Province and Tibet Autonomous Rigion, respectively, andC.sclerocarpafor Yunnan Province.

Carex; Cyperaceae; new record; China