英语常用时态的辨析
2016-06-30王新民
王新民
一、真题再现
(一) —Hi ,Tony, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry, .(2009年,江苏卷)
A.It `s repaired. B. It has been repaired. C. It` s being repaired. D. It had been repaired.
解析:C。考查时态。根据对话的前一句,可知第一个人是向第二个人借电脑。又根据sorry可知第二个人并不能借给第一个人电脑,因此,电脑应当是正在被修理中,故C为正确答案。
(二)—What is the price of petrol these days ?
—Oh, it sharply since last month . (2009,江西卷)
A.is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased
解析:B。考查时态。根据since引导的时间状语,可知谓语动词应该使用现在完成时,故B为正确答案。
(三)My parents in Hongkong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. (2009,天津卷)
A.live B.lived C.were living D.will live
解析:A。考查时态。根据句意“我父母住在香港。他们出生在那儿,从来没有在其它地方生活过”,可知空白处陈述的是目前的客观事实,故用一般现在时。
(四)Daniel's family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week . (2009,安徽卷)
A.are enjoying B.are to enjoy C.will enjoy D.will be enjoying
解析:D。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语this time next week,可知谓语动词应该使用将来进行时,表示在未来的某个时间正在发生的情况。
二、 基础知识扫描
(一)一般现在时与现在完成时的区别
一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态;现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
I do my homework every afternoon .(做家庭作业是每天下午都要做的经常性动作)
I have done my homework .(做家庭作业发生在过去,且已经完成,现在已经没有要做作业的心理负担了)
(二)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时只说明动作发生在过去,不强调对现在的影响,常与表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
I saw this film yesterday.(表示看电影这个动作发生在昨天)
I have seen this film . (强调看电影这个动作对现在的影响——已经知道电影的内容了)
(三)一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
一般过去时表示动作发生在过去某一时间,往往和表示确切的过去时间状语连用;而过去完成时则表示动作发生在过去某一时间或动作之前,即“过去的过去”。
He studied there two years ago.(动作发生在过去某一时间)
He said he had studied there two yeas before .(study发生在say这个过去动作的前两年,是过去的过去)
(四)一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
一般过去时说明整个动作发生在过去某一时间;而过去进行时则强调动作在过去某一时间正在进行,一般尚未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night. (信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night. (她昨晚一直在写信,担心不一定已经写完)
(五)现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,或起始于过去延续到现在;而过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去,对过去有影响或起始于过去的过去,持续到过去某一时间。
She has been ill for a week. (到现在他她生病已经一周了)
She had been ill for a week by the time she came back. (到她回来她已经生病一周了)
(六)某些固定句型对时态有特定的要求
1.在“This /That /It is the first time that …”句型中,如主句为一般现在时,从句用现在完成时;如主句为一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。如:
This is the first time I have come here.
This was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
2.在“It be +一段时间+since…”句型中,如主句为一般现在时,从句用一般过去时;如主句为一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。如:
It is three years since he smoked.
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.