英语语法之宾语补足语

王芳

在英语中，为了使句子意思表达更加完整，在某些及物动词的宾语后面加上补充说明宾语的成分，称为宾语补足语。其句型为：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。充当宾语补足语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语和非谓语动词。

一、常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call，name，make，think等。

如：We should spare no efforts to make our country a developed country.

二、常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep，make，keep，leave，find等，形容词作宾语补足语用于说明宾语的性质、状态或特征等。

如：Youd better leave the door open and let the fresh air in.

三、副词作宾语补足语用来说明宾语所处的位置、状态等。

如：Please keep the fire on for a few more minutes.

四、常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep，find，leave，

make等。

如：I left my pen on my desk at home.

五、非谓语主要分为v-ing，done和to do 三种形式

1.常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：感官动词see，watch，hear，notice，discover，feel，find等，使役动词have，get，leave，keep等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示看见、注意到、发现某人正在做某事和让某人一直做某事。

如：In the country，we can hear birds singing.

Dont keep the child working on his lesson all day.

2.接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，persuade，warn，cause，require，encourage等；有些感官动词和使役动词，如：see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，make，have，let等。

如：It is hard to persuade Dad to give up.

I heard my neighbor lock the door just now.

I want to have my friends come over this weekend.

3.接动词过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have，get，make，

leave，keep等，过去分词作补足语说明宾语的性质或状态。

如：Get your answers checked before you hand in the papers.

六、在高中英语学习中，常考点和易错点：keep，leave，have，make，get等词的考查。

1.keep的宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语和动词现在分词。

例：We should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural recourses. （形容词）

In our daily life，we must keep ourselves away from danger.（副词）

Please keep the dog out of the study. （介词短语）

Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. （现在分词）

2.leave的宾语补足语一般是形容词，其后的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、动词过去分词、不定式和现在分词。

例：I am afraid that you leave me no choice. （名词）

Running a marathon will leave you breathless.（形容词）

Please leave the lights on when you walk out of the room. （副词）

Dont leave the rice to cook for twenty minutes.（不定式）

I left the door locked when I went out.（过去分词）

We should not leave the tap water running after using it.（现在分词）

3. have的宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、动词现在分词、不定式和过去分词。

例：I want to have everything ready in advance before the meeting.（形容词）

She is always having the builders in to do something or other.（副词）

It was cold，and she has the fire burning day and night.（现在分词）

Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out.（过去分词）

He had the bouncers throw them out of the club. （不定式）

4. make的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、过去分词和现在分词。

例：The film made him a star.（名词）

He made it clear that he objected. （形容词）

Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）

She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk.（过去分词）

5.get的宾语补足语可以是形容词、介词短语、过去分词、不定式和现在分词。

例：He got his clothes wet.（形容词）

A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing.（现在分词）

Go and get your hair cut.（过去分词）

You should get your friends to help you.（不定式）