反身代词知多少
2016-05-14刘鹏
刘鹏
反身代词又称自身代词,它是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的人称代词宾格加词尾-self或-selves构成:
一、作及物动词或介词的宾语,表示动作返回到主语本身。例如:
I want to build myself a country house. 我想给自己建一座乡间别墅。
但在表示位置的一些介词之后常用代词宾格代替反身代词。例如:
He closed the door after him. 他随手关上了门。
二、作主语或宾语的同位语,常置于与之同位的词后面,也可在句末。例如:
I myself opened the windows./ I opened the windows myself. 让我自己开的窗户。
三、反身代词有时可以用作主语或表语。例如:
Both my sister and myself wanted to work there. 我妹妹和我自己都想去那儿工作。
四、一般不用作定语。例如:
错误:Those are themselves bikes. 那些是他们自己的自行车。
正确:Those are their own bikes./ Those are bikes of their own.
当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself,在美国英语中也可用himself。例如:
One should not live for oneself/ himself alone. 一个人不应该只为自己活着。
五、反身代词常和某些动词连用。例如:enjoy, help, teach, learn, look after, hurt, dress等。
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to... (招待用语)随便吃……
teach oneself/ learn by oneself 自学 look after oneself 照顾自己
hurt oneself 伤着自己 dress oneself 自己穿衣服
六、反身代词还可以用于介词短语。例如:
(1) by oneself 自己(不要别人帮助)一个人干
I can do it by myself. 我可以自己来干。
(2) for oneself 替自己,为自己
He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
(3) in oneself 本身
This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。
(4) between ourselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人)
All this is between ourselves. 这些都不能告诉别人。
(5) among themselves 他们之间
They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。
(6) to oneself 供自己用
I want a little time to myself. 我想有一点自己支配的时间。