览圣曲阜之石门山

文/李翠　图/孔勇



览圣曲阜之石门山

文/李翠图/孔勇

石门山The Shimen Mountain

西北双峰插泗滨，

蒸蒸云气似龙津；

甘霖旱慰苍生望，

枯槁先回万象春。

明代张祚曾赋诗《泗池十景吟·龙门灵雾》，此“龙门”指的便是石门山之山门。石门山位于圣地曲阜城东北25公里处，因山形似蟠龙之状，故有“龙门山”之称。这里风景优美，云蒸霞蔚，有“云山”“云亭山”之谓，又因两山对峙如石门，故俗称“石门山”。

石门山山体呈圆形，有老虎窝山、狐山、黄山及牛山等十余个山头，主峰卧虎顶海拔406.2米。山中重峦叠嶂，峪壑幽深，泉涧潺潺，美不胜收。古有24景之称，如胜涵峰、望虎山、冰雪涧、蟠龙洞、含珠台、照玉镜、一丈碑等，构成了一幅诗一般的山水画卷。

自古以来，无数文人雅士，被石门山的秀丽景色所吸引，纷纷来到这块远离尘嚣的明山秀水之间，寻奇探幽，留下了许多佳话。

春秋末期，孔子率众弟子周游列国后，和子路曾宿于石门，今山中存有“子路寄宿处”等遗迹。相传孔子也曾在此地撰写《易经·系辞》。而唐代诗人李白与杜甫结伴游齐鲁时也曾在此地设宴话别。李白寓居济宁二十余年，他与杜甫初交是在天宝三年（744年）。是年秋天，二人相约漫游梁宋、齐鲁，“醉舞梁园夜，行歌泗水春”。在伴游东鲁时一同饮酒赋诗，一同求仙访道。天宝四年（745年），杜甫要西入长安，李白打算南下江东，二人在曲阜的石门山设宴作别，李白赋诗《鲁郡东石门送杜二甫》：“醉别复几日，登临遍池台。何时石门路，重有金樽开？秋波落泗水，海色明徂徕。飞蓬各自远，且尽手中杯。”现山中仍存有“孔子系《易》处”“李杜宴别处”等遗址。

清代著名戏剧家孔尚任，也与石门山结下了不解之缘。孔尚任是孔子第64代孙。自幼熟读经史，喜好诗文，精通音律，但却屡试不第。康熙二十一年（1682年），康熙帝来曲阜祭祀孔子，孔尚任被推荐为引驾官，并为皇帝讲经，深得康熙赏识，破格授为国子监博士。康熙四十年（1701年），孔尚任所作反映南明社会的名剧《桃花扇》上演后被罢官，毅然返回故里，隐居石门，在胜涵峰侧叠石结草庐三间，名“孤云草堂”。堂中木榻布帘，茗杯炉香，他在此潜心读书，时而与高僧谈论佛法，隐居达5年之久，写下了《石门山集》、《募修玉泉寺疏》、《樵约》、《秋水亭记》等名篇。现秋水亭、“孔尚任隐居处”等遗址尚存。

The Shimen Mountain at Qufu

The Shimen Mountain is located 25 kilometers northeast of Qufu city. The hill looks just like a curled-up dragon, so it was called Longmen Mountain in ancient times. The Shimen Mountain is round-shaped, consisting of over ten hilltops such as the Tiger Cave Hill, the Fox Hill and the Huang Hill. Its main peak, Crouching Tiger Peak, has an elevation of 406.2 meters.

In the late Spring and Autumn Period, after leading his disciples to tour various states, Confucius with his disciple Zilu once lodged on Shimen. Today, there are such ruins as “Zilu’s Lodging”. It is said that Confucius wrote the Book of Changes: Xici here. Besides, Li Bai and Du Fu, poets in the Tang Dynasty, once had a farewell dinner here when visiting the State of Qi and the State of Lu (Shandong) together.

Kong Shangren, a famous dramatist in the Qing dynasty, also forged a bond with the Shimen Mountain. In the 40th year of the Kangxi Period (1701), Kong Shangren was dismissed from office due to the public performance of his famous opera “The Peach Blossom Fan”. Then he resolutely returned to his hometown and dwelt on Shimen in seclusion.