全身振动训练对绝经后女性体成分及腹部脂肪的影响

陈晓红　叶　鸣　朱一力　顾芳　王智强

摘要：通过对绝经后女性进行为期3个月的全身振动训练，探讨其对身体成分、腹部脂肪及血脂的影响。方法：从北京社区招募55～65岁健康女性，选取符合实验标准者50名，将其随机分为对照组（CON，n=25）和振动组（WBV，n=25）。振动组受试者接受为期3个月的全身振动训练，受试者屈膝160°左右站立于振动平台上，每周3次，每次30 min（振动1 min，休息1 min，重复15次，振动频率为30 Hz，振幅为2 mm）；对照组不做任何干预，保持日常生活习惯不变。在实验开始前测量受试者各项指标的基础值，身体形态指标包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围；身体成分包括身体脂肪百分比（FM%）、瘦体重百分比（LM%），采用双能X线骨密度仪进行测试；腹部脂肪相关指标包括腹部脂肪率和内脏脂肪等级指标，采用腹部脂肪仪进行测试；血脂（包括甘油三脂、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白）和血糖的测试采用全自动生化分析仪（Beckman，美国）。在实验结束后再次测试以上指标。结果显示：3个月振动训练后，振动组受试者体成分出现显著改变，体重、身高体重指数、FM%显著降低，LM%显著升高；振动组受试者腹部脂肪率显著下降，腰围、臀围未出现显著改变；振动组受试者胆固醇显著下降，其余血液指标未出现显著改变。结论：3个月全身振动训练可显著改善绝经后女性的体成分，并可抑制其内脏脂肪的堆积，改善血脂水平。

关键词： 全身振动训练；绝经后女性；体成分；腹部脂肪；血脂

中图分类号： G 804文章编号：1009783X（2016）02017205文献标志码： A

Abstract：Through three months of regular whole body vibration training （WBV） in postmenopausal women，the effects of vibration training on body composition，visceral fat and blood lipid were explored.Methods：A total of 50 females who met the criterias were randomly assigned to WBV training group （WBV，n=25） and control group （CON，n=25）.The subjects of WBV were performed 3 times per week for 3month，each session included 15 repetitions of 60 seconds with a rest period of 60 seconds between each repetition.During the training intervention，the subjects were asked to stand in a wide squat position （160°） on the vibration platform，lightly holding the handrails of the plate with both hands.The frequency of vibration was 30 Hz and the amplitude was 2 mm.Subjects of both groups were asked not to change their lifestyle during the course of the project.Each subject's fasting-state body mass，height，waist circumference and hip circumference were measured.Whole body composition was assessed by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry，which includes in percent of fat mass （FM%） and percent of lean mass （LM%）.Visceral fat were measured by abdominal bioelectrical impedance，which includes visceral fat ratio and visceral fat level.The blood lipid and glucose were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer.At baseline and at three months，the above parameters were measured at the baseline and 3 months.Results：After 3month WBV training，the body mass，BMI and FM% significantly decreased，and LM% significantly increased.Meanwhile，the visceral fat ratio significantly decreased，and waist circumference and hip circumference did not change.In addition，the blood cholesterol showed significant decrease，and the rest of the blood indexes showed no significant change.Conclusions：Threemonth whole vibration training could improve body composition，and inhibit the accumulation of visceral fat，and partly improve the disorders of blood lipid in postmenopausal women.