语法填空考点解读与真题精练（下）

河南 马国民

语法填空考点解读与真题精练（下）

河南 马国民

七、非谓语动词

【考点解读】非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式和分词，是语法填空试题的必考点，具体来说，考查内容涉及非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。答题时，可结合非谓语动词的用法、空格处的作用等，仔细推敲题干，这样才能确定答案。

【专题精练】

1.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）The adobe dwellings（土坯房）_61_（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.

2.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __6_6_（cool）the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.

3.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air condition”a house without__64__（use）electric equipment.

4.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）A study of travellers __68_（conduct）by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

5.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_70_（live）in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

6.（2015·广东卷）Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees_23_（sell）the wood.

7.（2015·上海卷）As I squeezed back into my car，I saw the same lady_28_（look）in at me.

8.（2015·上海卷）When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop__37_（ignore）me，he says，“In a minute，” but still checks to see if somebody has posted something new on the Internet.

9.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）It took years of work _65_（reduce）the industrial pollution and clean the water.

10.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about_61_（be）late for school.

11.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused_66_（stop）until we reached the next stop.

12.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）Still，the boy kept _67_（ride）；he was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.

13.（2014·考纲样题）He went off to his tennis match before I finished__65_（make）them，so he couldn’t have done it.

14.（2014·辽宁卷）Keep_64_（hold）your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.

15.（2014·上海卷）Apparently，I had difficulty_31_（adapt）myself to life in the city，let alone finding a job to my delight.

16.（2014·上海卷）In 2010，it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed，_39_（urge）the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.

17.（2013·广东卷）In the beginning，there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always__25_（think）that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.

18.（2012·广东卷）He suddenly appeared in class one day，__16__（wear）sun glasses.

19.（2011·广东卷）I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man_18_（sit）at the front.

20.（2010·广东卷）After the student left，the teacher let another student taste the water；he spit it out，_37_（say）it was awful.

21.（2008·广东卷）For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop__32__（help）it grow”，is based on the following story.

22.（2007·广东卷）While she was getting me_34_（settle）into a tiny but clean room，the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town.

【答案解析】

1.built。空格处作后置定语，且表示被动完成。故填过去分词。

2.to cool。根据句式“主语+be+adj.+enough to do sth.”可知，空格处应填不定式。

3.using。介词without之后应该接动名词using。

4.conducted。空格处作后置定语，且表示被动关系，结合语境可知，空格处应填过去分词。

5.living。空格处作后置定语，且表示主动进行，故填living。

6.to sell。trees之后为非谓语动词短语作目的状语，且与主语之间是主动关系，故填to sell。

7.looking。空格处作宾语补足语，且表示主动进行，结合“see sb./ sth.do/ doing/ done/ being done”可知，looking符合题意。

8.ignoring。stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”，stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，结合语境“不要对我视而不见”可知，ignoring符合题意。

9.to reduce。根据句式“It takes/ took sb.some time to do sth.”可知，空格处应填to reduce。

10.being。介词about之后应接动名词being作宾语。

11.to stop。refuse之后应接不定式to stop作宾语。

12.riding。动词keep之后应接动名词作宾语，故填riding。

13.making。finish之后应接动名词作宾语，故填making。

14.holding。keep之后应该接动名词作宾语。

15.adapting。根据句式“have trouble/ difficulty （in）doing sth.”可知，空格处应填动名词。

16.urging。逗号后为非谓语动词短语作结果状语，且表示正常的结果，空格处与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故应填urging。

17.thinking。空格处与空后构成的非谓语动词短语作伴随状语，且与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故应填thinking。

18.wearing。逗号后为非谓语动词短语作伴随状语，且与主语之间是主动关系，故填wearing。

19.sitting。空格处作man的宾语补足语，且表示主动进行，结合“notice+宾语+do/ doing/ done”可知，空格处应填sitting。

20.saying。out之后为非谓语动词作伴随状语，且与主语之间是主动关系，故填saying。

21.to help。crop之后为非谓语动词作目的状语，且表示主动关系，故填不定式to help。

22.settled。空格处作宾语补足语，结合句式“get+宾语+to do/ do/ done”可知，过去分词settled符合题意。

八、动词时态或语态

【考点解读】动词时态或语态是语法填空的高频考点之一，答题时，首先需要确定空格处在句中是否作谓语，然后再分析空格处需要使用时态的种类，同时还需要判断主语是否为动作的承受者，以此来确定空格处是否需要使用被动语态形式。

【专题精练】

1.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）This cycle_68_（go）day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures.

2.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）Yangshuo_67_（be）really beautiful；a study of travellers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

3.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）It was raining lightly when I_61_（arrive）in Yangshuo just before dawn.

4.（2015·广东卷）He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what__19__（leave）.

5.（2015·广东卷）While making great efforts to run away，she_21_（fall）over the hill and died.

6.（2015·上海卷）Feeling good，I_26_（empty）my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.

7.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio；it__61__（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.

8.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）A boy on a bike__6___5（catch）my attention；he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.

9.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）Then the driver stood up and asked，“_68__anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”

10.（2014·辽宁卷）Tai Chi_66_（call）“shadow boxing” in English.

11.（2014·广东卷）We__18__（tell）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week，but for the week after.

12.（2014· 上 海 卷）The machine_34_（equip）with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front，a grey roof and a display window.

13.（2014·上海卷）In recent years，the commercial pressure from supermarket chains__38__（force）village shops across the country to close.

14.（2013·广东卷）He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen；suddenly，he_16_（find）that he had run out of salt.

15.（2010·广东卷）He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder who had been his teacher；after a four-day journey，the young man__3__3（present）the water to the old man.

16.（2009·广东卷）Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or__34__（push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.

17.（2007·广东卷）I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains；the sun was setting when my car_31_（break）down near a remote and poor village.

18.（2008·广东卷）This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course and being too anxious to help an event develop often_40_（result）in the contrary to our intention.

19.（2014·上海卷）Not until I returned_32_I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.

【答案解析】

1.goes。根据空后的时态和语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时。

2.is。空格处描述的是现在的一个客观事实，故用一般现在时态。

3.arrived。空格处应填的动词作为谓语动词，是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。

4.was left。what与空格处之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。

5.fell。根据句中的died可知，空格处是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。

6.emptied。空格处在句中作谓语，是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。

7.was。空格处表示过去的状态，故用一般过去时。

8.caught。空格处是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。

9.Did。根据“at the last stop”可知，引号内陈述的是过去发生的动作，故应填助动词Did。

10.is called。主语是动作的承受者，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

11.were told。空格处与主语之间是被动关系，结合空后的时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。

12.is equipped。主语是动作的承受者，结合空后的语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

13.has forced。根据句首的标志性状语和语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时。

14.found。空格处是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。

15.presented。根据“after a four-day journey”可知，空格处是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。

16.pushed。空格处与stepped是并列谓语，故空格处应填过去式pushed。

17.broke。空格处表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时，应填broke。

18.results。空格处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，而动名词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。

19.did。not until位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装结构，结合空后的时态可知，空格处应填助动词did。

九、并列连词

【考点解读】并列连词包括and，but，or，so等，在句中用于连接处于并列关系的词、短语或者句子。答题时可结合空格处在句中的作用、题干语境、逻辑关系等来判断正确的答案。

【专题精练】

1.（2015·湖南卷）Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet_50_print the copies needed.

2.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）But the river wasn’t changed in a few days_64_even a few months.

3.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）There were many people waiting at the bus stop，__62_some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

4.（2014·广东卷）We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week，_19_for the week after.

5.（2014·湖南卷）For example，television sets need not be played at full volume （音量）_51_loud pop music should not be played very late at night.

6.（2014·湖南卷）Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people，_53_there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.

7.（2013· 广 东 卷）Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it；neither too much_17_too little.

8.（2013·湖 南卷）The One World Futbol needs no pump__53__won’t wear out，even on rough surfaces.

9.（2012·湖南卷）Some even write postcards while they are on vacation_53_send them to friends.

10.（2011·湖南卷）One was rich in metaphor（隐喻）and character development，while the other was humorous _53_too shallow.

11.（2010·湖南卷）They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table，the refrigerator，__50__another place where their children are sure to find it.

12.（2008·广东卷）He was very tired from doing this for a whole day，_37_he felt very happy since the crop did“grow” higher.

【答案解析】

1.and。动词find和print是并列关系，结合语境可知，and符合题意。

2.or。根据语境“在几天或几个月以内”可知，or符合题意。

3.and。空格处用于连接两个并列分句，结合语境可知，and符合题意。

4.but。题干考查的是句式“not...but...”，故填but。

5.and。根据语境可知，此处应用连词and连接两个并列句。

6.but。逗号前后是转折关系，故but符合题意。

7.nor。“neither...nor...”为常用句式，意为“既不……也不……”，故填nor。

8.and。空格处前后是并列关系，结合语境可知，and符合题意。

9.and。write与send是并列关系，结合语境可知，and符合题意。

10.but。空格处在句中表示转折，故but符合题意。

11.or。句意为：他们有时把便条放在厨房的桌子上、冰箱上或者另一个孩子们一定能够发现便条的地方。故or符合题意。

12.but。空格处前后是两个并列分句，且空格处前后是转折关系，故填but。

十、定语从句

【考点解读】作为复合句的一种，定语从句也是语法填空的考点之一，而且限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句均存在考查的可能性。分析题干时，需要先找出定语从句的先行词，然后结合空格处在从句中所作的成分来判断应使用哪一个关系词作为引导词。

【专题精练】

1.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

2.（2015·上海卷）I recently read an article about “nomophobia”，_40_is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone！

3.（2015·广东卷）When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market _24_people from the towns met regularly.

4.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）Maybe you leave a habit _67_is driving your family crazy.

5.（2014·广东卷）The next day，my brother and I went to the beach_24_we watched some people play volleyball.

6.（2014·上海卷）So I decided to leave home for New York，_25_I might have a better chance to find a good job.

7.（2014·上海卷）Mr.Fox said he hoped his invention，_35_is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months，will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.

8.（2014·湖南卷）People should not do things_50_ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.

9.（2013·广东卷）Nick’s guests，_20_had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.

10.（2012·广东卷）Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，_22_made her feel like a star.

11.（2011·广东卷）Behind him were other people to __2_1_he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.

12.（2010·广东卷）He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder_32_had been his teacher.

13.（2009·广东卷）Jane paused in front of a counter _35_some attractive ties were on display.

【答案解析】

1.that/ which。先行词为“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters”，关系词在从句中作主语，故用that/ which作为定语从句的引导词。

2.which。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，nomophobia（无手机恐惧症）为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。

3.where。market为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。

4.that/ which。先行词habit在从句中作主语，故用that/ which作为定语从句的引导词。

5.where。beach为定语从句的先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

6.where。New York为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

7.which。先行词invention在从句中作主语，故用which作为非限制性定语从句的引导词。

8.which/ that。先行词things在从句中作主语，故which或that与题意相符。

9.who。先行词为Nick’s guests，两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。

10.which。Mary后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的一句话内容，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。

11.whom。other people为先行词，关系词作介词to的宾语，故用whom作为引导词。

12.who。an elder是指人的先行词，之后是其定语从句，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。

13.where。先行词counter在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

十一、状语从句

【考点解读】状语从句的种类繁多，包括时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句等，共九种。在答题时，可结合状语从句的用法、题干语境、相关句式等仔细分析题干，然后敲定答案。

【专题精练】

1.（2015·广东卷）One day，the cow was eating grass _20_it began to rain heavily.

2.（2015·湖南卷）Research has become both simpler and more complex；it’s simpler because，__48_you have a computer，you can find information you need by searching the Internet.

3.（2015·上海卷）The first parking space I found was convenient，but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while；__25__I was in a good mood，I let her have it.

4.（2014·辽宁卷）Unbelievable！ Oh...，_69_ you don’t mind，I’ll stop and take a deep breath.

5.（2014·考纲样题）I’m not sure what happened；I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table _62_I went to answer the phone.

6.（2014·上海卷）Mother had just said that__29__I want to have a better career advancement，I had to find work in the city.

7.（2014·湖南卷）_54_neighbors want to get along well with each other，they have to show their tolerance.

8.（2013·湖南卷）__48__the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky，millions of real balls go flat（变瘪）within 24 hours.

9.（2011·广东卷）_20_he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong.

10.（2011·广东卷）My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me_17_the bus arrived.

11.（2010·湖南卷）If they are working，they are usually not at home__48__their children return from school.

12.（2010·广东卷）We understand this lesson best_40_ we receive gifts of love from children.Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace，the proper response is appreciation.

【答案解析】

1.when。此处为句式“主语+be doing sth.+when+其他”，意为“正在做某事，正在那时……”。

2.if。考查状语从句。在because引导的状语从句中含有一个条件状语从句，结合语境可知，if符合题意。

3.as/ because/ since。“_____I was in a good mood”为原因状语从句，as/ because/ since符合题意。

4.if。根据语境“如果你不介意，我会停下来深呼吸”可知，应用if引导条件状语从句。

5.when。根据语境“当我去接电话时，我把三明治放在了桌子上”可知，应用when引导时间状语从句。

6.if。根据语境“如果我想拥有一个更好的职业发展，我必须在城里找工作”可知，应用if引导条件状语从句。

7.If/ When。根据语境“如果/当邻居想要彼此和睦相处，他们必须表现出他们的宽容”可知，应用If/ When引导状语从句。

8.Because。根据语境“因为用于运动的场地高低不平而且岩石较多，因此数以百万的真正的球会在24小时之内变瘪”可知，应用Because引导原因状语从句。

9.If。根据语境“如果他认为坐在后面可以逃避大家的注意，他就错了”可知，应用if引导条件状语从句。

10.until/ till。句意为：我的朋友们步行把我送到汽车站，陪我一直等到公共汽车到来。根据语境可知，应用until/ till引导时间状语从句。

11.when/ after。根据语境“当他们的孩子们放学回来时/之后，他们经常不在家”可知，应用when/ after引导状语从句。

12.when。根据语境“当我们从孩子们那里收到具有爱心的礼物时，我们对这一教训理解得最好”可知，应用when引导时间状语从句。

十二、名词性从句

【考点解读】名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，答题时先利用句子成分知识判断题干属于哪一种名词性从句，然后根据情况，可结合空格处的作用、题干语境等对需要使用的引导词进一步推敲。

【专题精练】

1.（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_70_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

2.（2015·上海卷）The temptation to see_36_is connecting him is just too great.

3.（2015·上海卷）He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea__34__there may be an important text.

4.（2014·广东卷）I didn’t understand_20_this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

5.（2014·上海卷）Perhaps_30_my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.

6.（2012·广东卷）The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered_24_ the boy would do.

7.（2011·湖南卷）Over the next several months，my professor taught me_51_one story was so much better than the other.

8.（2010·湖南卷）For one thing，parents have time to think about__52__they want to say before they write.

9.（2008·广东卷）One day，he came up with an idea _35_he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

【答案解析】

1.how。exactly之后为宾语从句，结合“how+形容词/副词+主谓”可知，应用how作为引导词。

2.who。see之后为宾语从句，空格处在从句中作主语，且指人，结合语境可知，who符合题意。

3.that。idea之后为同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，故用that作为引导词。

4.why。understand之后为宾语从句，结合语境“我不理解为什么这种事情会发生”可知，why符合题意。

5.what。was之前是主语从句，空格处在从句中作直接宾语，且指的是内容，故用what作为引导词。

6.what。wondered之后为宾语从句，且空格处在从句中作do的宾语，结合语境可知，what符合题意。

7.why。me之后为宾语从句，结合语境“为什么一个故事比另一个好得多”可知，why与题意相符。

8.what。about之后为宾语从句，且空格处在从句中作say的宾语，结合语境可知，应用what作为引导词。

9.that。idea之后接的是同位语从句，且从句不缺少句子成分，句意完整，故用that作为引导词。

（作者单位：河南省安阳市第六十二中学）