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高氧对人肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制

2016-04-06王霞董文斌李清平康兰雷小平翟雪松赵帅四川医科大学附属第一医院四川泸州646000

山东医药 2016年3期

王霞,董文斌,李清平,康兰,雷小平,翟雪松,赵帅(四川医科大学附属第一医院,四川泸州 646000)



高氧对人肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制

王霞,董文斌,李清平,康兰,雷小平,翟雪松,赵帅(四川医科大学附属第一医院,四川泸州 646000)

摘要:目的观察高氧对人肺泡上皮细胞(HPAEC)凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制。方法 取对数生长期HPAEC细胞,随机分为高氧组和对照组。对照组细胞不作处理,放置于50 mL/L CO2培养箱中培养;高氧组细胞换液1次后,以3 L/min速度通入含900 mL/L O2和50 mL/L CO2高纯混合气,通入时间10 min;两组细胞均培养24 h。采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化,免疫共聚焦检测细胞组蛋白去乙酰化酶(SIRT1)转位情况,Western blotting法检测细胞SENP1蛋白、乙酰化p53蛋白。结果高氧组和对照组细胞凋亡率分别为24.77%±2.17%、5.33%±2.60%,两组比较,P<0.05。高氧组细胞从正常的长梭形、多角形变成圆形、椭圆形,细胞间的间隙增宽,悬浮的细胞较多;对照组细胞大多为长梭形、多角形,贴壁较好,细胞间的间隙较小,悬浮的细胞较少。高氧组和对照组细胞SIRT1蛋白转位率分别为88.89%、16.23%,两组比较,P<0.05。高氧组和对照组细胞SENP1蛋白相对表达量分别为0.76±0.12、0.67±0.02,乙酰化p53蛋白相对表达量分别为0.81±0.07、0.52±0.03,两组比较,P均<0.05。结论 高氧可促进HPAEC细胞凋亡,其机制可能是高氧诱导HPAEC细胞SENP1蛋白表达增加,进而SIRT1蛋白从胞核转位到胞质,使乙酰化p53蛋白表达增加。

关键词:高浓度氧;人肺泡上皮细胞;组蛋白去乙酰化酶;SENP1蛋白;乙酰化p53蛋白

近年随着科技的进步,越来越多的极度早产儿和极低出生体质量儿幸存下来,但是由于长期吸入高浓度氧,患儿可发生肺损伤,严重者甚至发生支气管肺发育不良(BPD)[1,2]。目前,高氧性肺损伤的机制尚不清楚,最近研究的热点主要集中在氧化应激方面[3,4],而NAD+依赖性的组蛋白去乙酰化酶(SIRT1)在氧化应激及DNA损伤修复中发挥重要作用[5]。本研究在前期实验基础上,通过建立高氧损伤人肺泡上皮细胞(HPAEC)模型[6],探讨SIRT1转位是否介导肺泡上皮细胞发生凋亡,从而为减轻高氧肺损伤寻找新的治疗靶点。

1材料与方法

1.1细胞、仪器及试剂HPAEC细胞购自广州吉妮欧生物科技有限公司。LX71型倒置相差显微镜购自Olympus公司,FORMA311型CO2培养箱、胎牛血清、DMEM高糖培养基购自Gibco公司,ANNEXIN V流式细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自凯基生物公司,单克隆小鼠抗SIRT1抗体购自博士德生物公司,罗丹明标记山羊抗小鼠IgG购自ZSGB-BIO公司,DAPI购自碧云天生物公司,抗荧光淬灭封片液购自碧云天生物公司,单克隆小鼠抗SENP1抗体与单克隆抗乙酰化p53lys(382)抗体购自Abcam公司,ECL化学发光试剂购自北京普利莱基因技术有限公司。

l.2HPAEC细胞培养先将HPAEC细胞复苏,加入含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培养液,放入37 ℃、含5%CO2培养箱中培养。待细胞生长至对数生长期时,用0.25%的胰蛋白酶进行消化,传代培养。

1.3HPAEC细胞分组及高氧干预取对数生长期的细胞,消化后传代接种于培养瓶中,随机分为高氧组、对照组。对照组不作处理,放置于50 mL/L CO2培养箱中培养;高氧组换液1次后,以3 L/min的速度通入含900 ml/L O2和50 mL/L CO2高纯混合气,通入时间为10 min,参照我们前期高氧模型建立的方法[6]。分别培养24 h(高氧组细胞干预24 h后,使用测氧仪检测培养瓶中氧浓度,如果氧浓度<90%则弃去该标本),之后收集HPAEC细胞。

1.4HPAEC细胞凋亡情况观察两组细胞培养24 h后,收集细胞,用流式细胞仪检测,按照凯基ANNEXIN V-FITC细胞凋亡检测试剂盒说明书操作。

1.5HPAEC细胞形态学观察倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化,并照相。

1.6HPAEC细胞SIRT1蛋白转位情况观察将HPAEC细胞消化后,按细胞密度为2×104/孔接种于6孔板中盖玻片上培养,同步化细胞,两组均加入1 mL培养基,高氧组另通入高浓度氧,分别培养24 h;多聚甲醛固定细胞10 min;0.3%Triton X-100打孔10 min;5%封闭血清在37 ℃封闭30 min;将稀释的抗体SIRT1(终浓度为1∶100)滴加在细胞爬片上,4 ℃冰箱孵育过夜,在避光情况下将罗丹明标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG(终浓度为1∶50),37 ℃湿盒中孵育60 min;用PBS洗涤3次,滴加DAPI复染,免疫共聚焦显微镜下观察并照相;每张细胞爬片截取5个视野,每组8张爬片,并照相,计算细胞转位率。

1.7HPAEC细胞SENP1、乙酰化p53蛋白检测采用Western blotting法。两组细胞培养干预24 h(细胞生长80%融合),胰酶消化后PBS冲洗,离心并移去上清。加入200 μL裂解混合液,冰浴30 min,离心取上清,电泳、转膜,加入一抗,再加入显色的二抗,以TBST清洗,使用ECL进行结果的显影,然后用Labworks4.6分析目的条带的灰度值。

2结果

高氧组和对照组细胞凋亡率分别为24.77%±2.17%、5.33%±2.60%,两组比较,P<0.05。高氧组细胞从正常的长梭形、多角形变成圆形、椭圆形,细胞间的间隙增宽,悬浮的细胞较多;对照组细胞大多为长梭形、多角形,贴壁较好,细胞间的间隙较小,悬浮的细胞较少。高氧组和对照组细胞SIRT1蛋白转位率分别为88.89%(96/108)、16.23%(25/154),两组比较,P<0.05。高氧组和对照组细胞SENP1蛋白相对表达量分别为0.76±0.12、0.67±0.02,乙酰化p53蛋白相对表达量分别为0.81±0.07、0.52±0.03,两组比较,P均<0.05。

3讨论

近年来,早产儿的出生率逐年增高,早产儿中大部分会发生夭折,氧疗是提高早产儿存活率的有效方法,但是长时间高浓度吸氧可导致肺损伤,从而导致BPD的发生[7]。活性氧簇(ROS)增多所致的氧化应激损伤是早产儿高氧肺损伤发生的主要机制[8],而SIRT1蛋白能显著降低ROS水平和促进细胞生存[9]。

SIRT1蛋白是一种NAD+依赖性脱乙酰酶,作为哺乳动物生命周期相关蛋白,其主要功能是调节细胞氧化应激反应和调控生命周期。SIRT1蛋白主要定位于细胞核,在细胞能量代谢、DNA损伤修复、细胞周期控制、抑制细胞凋亡、抗氧化逆境和延长细胞寿命方面发挥重要的调控作用,是机体内抗氧化应激的关键蛋白[10,11]。Yang等[12]用紫外线辐射、过氧化氢诱导人肺腺癌细胞后发现,SIRT1蛋白可发生翻译后修饰,在734位赖氨酸上发生小泛素样修饰蛋白(SUMO)修饰。该修饰决定着SIRT1蛋白在细胞核的定位。这是一个动态的、可逆的过程,其去SUMO修饰的过程则由SENP1介导[13,14]。SIRT1蛋白主要存在于细胞核,少量存在于细胞质,当细胞应激时SIRT1蛋白能被SENP1去SUMO化,使p53蛋白的第382位赖氨酸残基去乙酰化减少,抑制p53与靶DNA顺式原件结合,进而抑制p53促凋亡活性[15~18]。本研究显示,高氧组细胞生长较差,细胞间隙增宽,悬浮细胞较多,细胞的凋亡率增加,这与我们的前期实验[6]结果一致,即高氧可以诱导细胞凋亡。本研究还显示,高氧组SENP1蛋白表达、SIRT1转位率、乙酰化p53表达均较对照组升高,这与Yang等[12]结果一致。提示高氧可诱导细胞凋亡,其凋亡的机制与SIRT1蛋白相关。

总之,高氧诱导SENP1蛋白表达,促使SIRT1蛋白发生去SUMO化,发生核质转位,去乙酰化活性减低,对p53去乙酰化活性减低,乙酰化p53相对增加,从而激活下游的凋亡通路而介导细胞凋亡。

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Effects of hyperoxia on apoptosis of human alveolar epithelial cells and the mechanism

WANGXia,DONGWenbin,LIQingping,KANGLan,LEIXiaoping,ZHAIXuesong,ZHAOShuai

(TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofSichuanMedicalUniversity,Luzhou646000,China)

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the influence of hyperoxia on the apoptosis of human alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEC), and to explore its mechanism. MethodsThe HPAEC cells in the logarithmic phase were randomly divided into the hyperoxia group and control group. The cells of the control group were not processed and were placed in 50 mL/LCO2incubator. After one time of liquid change, the cells of the hyperoxia group were exposed to a mixture of O2(900 mL/L) and CO2(50mL/L) for 10 minutes with speed of 3 L/min. After 24 hours, the apoptosis rates of the two groups were detected by flow cytometry, the morphological changes were observed by the inverted phase contrast microscope, the transposition of histone deaceylase (SIRT1) was detected by immunofluorescence and the expression of SENP1 and acetylated p53 proteins were measured by Western blotting. ResultsThe apoptosis rates of the hyperoxia group and control group were 24.77%±2.17% and 5.33%±2.60%, respectively (P<0.05). In the hyperoxia group, the shapes of cells changed from normal long spindle, polygon into the circle or ellipse, the distance between cells was enlarged, and the suspension cells were more. In the control group, HPAEC cells were in good condition, closely to each other and the suspension cells were less. The transposition rates of SIRT1 protein in the hyperoxia group and control group were 88.89% and 16.23%, respectively (P<0.05). The expression levels of SENP1 protein in the two groups were separately 0.76±0.12 and 0.67±0.02 (P<0.05). The acetylated p53 protein expression of the two groups was 0.81±0.07 and 0.52±0.03, respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion Hyperoxia can promote HPAEC cell apoptosis, and its mechanism may be that the expression of SENP1 protein is increased, which promotes the transposition of SIRT1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, then the expression of acetylated p53 protein is increased.

Key words:hyperoxia; human alveolar epithelial cells; histone deaceylase; SENP1 protein; acetylated p53 protein

(收稿日期:2015-09-22)

中图分类号:Q255

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1002-266X(2016)03-0014-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.03.005

通信作者简介:董文斌(1967-),男,硕士,教授,主要研究方向为高氧肺损伤。E-mail: DongWenbin2000@163.com

作者简介:第一王霞(1987-),女,硕士,主要研究方向为高氧肺损伤。E-mail: 13982400021@163.com

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(81571480);中华儿科杂志第二届双鹤珂立苏科研基金资助项目(cjp2011-009);

四川省教育厅科研基金资助项目(08ZA150);四川省卫生厅科研基金资助项目(90191)。