天津美术学院百年办学校名沿革考

刘 斌

天津美术学院百年办学校名沿革考

刘 斌

天津美术学院的前身是北洋女师范学堂，学堂自1906年建立至今已有一百一十年的历史。她诞生于整个中华民族都无比渴求知识与人才的岁月，经历了大师林立、精英辈出的学术纷争，见证了华夏大地在危难时刻艰苦而火热的不屈奋斗，培养了大量成就非凡事业的栋梁翘楚。百年办学，她始终顺应时代的诉求，在历史积淀中形成了深厚的人文底蕴并滋养了她的教学体系，成就了其位列中国八大美术学院的独特学术地位。从北洋女师到河北女师，从河北师范学院到天津美术学院，在这近百年的悠长记忆里，她先后经历了十八次更名，使用校名十六个，每一次名称的更迭并不只是称谓的改变，而是被时代赋予了新的历史使命和教学任务，同时也见证了她从女子师范教育向高等美术教育发展的沧桑历程。

中等女子师范教育阶段

1901年，内忧外患的清政府为了维护其统治地位力行“新政”，在教育上提出“兴学育才实为当务之急”的主张，通令各省大力创办新式学堂，并于1902和1904两年分别颁布了“壬寅学制”和“癸卯学制”。这两部学制的颁布与实施最终促成科举制度的废除，全国学制渐趋规范统一，新式教育得以迅速推展，奠定了民国学制改革与教育发展的基础，实为晚清教育改革重大成就之一。这一时期直隶地区的新式教育呈飞速发展的态势。当时，隶属于直隶省的天津府主办女子教育，之所以注重对女子的教育，主要是基于如下认识：“因孩提之童，日依母侧，熏陶渐染，习惯自然”；且从历史来看，“古今圣贤豪杰，建大功、立大业者，往往承幼时之母教，定一生之志趣”。因此，他们认为“女子一端尤为家庭教育之根源，培植人才之基础”。也正是在这样的背景下，我国近代教育家，时任清朝天津女学事务总理的傅增湘创办了我国最早的公立女子师范学校——“北洋女师范学堂”。学堂堂址初设天津河北三马路三才里西口。女师学堂属于中等师范性质，主要以培养初等小学和高等小学师资及普及女学为目的。初创时规模较小，仅设简易科，学制一年半。1906年6月1日开始招生，6月13日（清光绪三十二年闰四月二十二日）正式开学，入学新生共113人。1906年至1910年间傅增湘亲自担任学堂总理（校长），在学堂的课程设置、制定规章制度以及扩大招生、筹集资金、聘请教师等方面均是尽心竭力，为女师日后的发展壮大打下了坚实的基础。

1912年1月9日，清末学部改为教育部，强调了政府的教育管理服务职责。教育部成立不久，于1912年1月19日，颁布了第一个教育法令——《普通教育暂行办法》，旨在改革封建教育。《办法》主要内容包括：“学校管理上，统一名称为学校，初小阶段允许男女同校，中学校废止文、实分科，废止毕业生奖励出身；修习年限上，中学及初级师范学校均由五年改为四年……”①

《普通教育暂行办法》的颁布对民初教育的除旧布新以及维护教育系统的稳定、保障教育实施质量起了立竿见影的效果。也正是由于该《办法》中明文规定了“学校管理上，统一名称为学校”，故此，1912年春，“北洋女师范学堂”正式更名为“北洋女师范学校”。

1913年5月，学校改归省立，遂更名为“直隶女子师范学校”。1916年1月奉省令学校再次更名为“直隶第一女子师范学校”。

“北伐革命”胜利后，国民政府为打破旧的分裂势力盘踞于直隶的局面，于1928年6月20日决定将直隶省改称河北省，省会设在天津。京兆尹公署撤销，所属二十县划归河北省。由此，“直隶第一女子师范学校”又更名为“河北省立第一女子师范学校”。

110 years have passed since the founding of Beiyang Girls’ Normal School,the predecessor of Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts (TAFA), in 1906. Born in an era when the whole Chinese nation had a thirst for knowledge and talents, it has experienced academic disputes between masters or elites who came forth in large numbers, has witnessed the hard and unyielding struggles in China in times of crisis, and has nurtured a large number of outstanding and talented people, who have made remarkable achievements in their career. Over the past 100 years,TAFA, including its predecessors, always complying with the demands of the times, has formed a profound cultural accumulation, developed its teaching system,and earned itself a unique academic position in China’s top eight academies of fi ne arts. In the long history of over a hundred years, it has undergone eighteen changes of name, and has used 16 school names, from Beiyang Girls’ Normal School to Hebei Provincial Girls’ Normal College, and from Hebei Normal College to Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts. Each renaming was not merely a change of name. Instead,it meant new historical missions and teaching tasks entrusted to it by the era. At the same time, the changes of name were also a witness of the vicissitudinous course of its development from a girls’ normal college to an institution of higher art education.

The Stage of Girls’ Secondary Normal Education

In 1901, the Qing government, confronted with domestic troubles and foreign invasions, tried to carry out “New Policies” in an effort to safeguard its ruling status. In the field of education, asserting that “it is imperative to set up schools and cultivate talents”, it issued a general order to all the provinces to vigorously found new-style schools, and promulgated “Ren-Yin Schooling System”and “Gui-Mao Schooling System” in 1902 and 1904 respectively. It is indeed one of the major achievements of education reform in the late Qing dynasty that the promulgation and implementation of the two educational systems eventually led to the abolition of the imperial examination system and the gradual nation-wide standardization and unity of educational system, and as a result, the new-type education rapidly developed, laying a foundation for school system reform and educational development in the republican period. During this period, the new-type education in Zhili (the present Hebei) region showed a trend of rapid development.At that time, Tianjin Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Zhili Province advocated girls’ education. Attention was paid to girls’ education mainly based on the following consideration: “Ignorant children, under the care of their mothers every day, naturally tend to get accustomed to their mothers’ daily edification, and develop certain habits accordingly.” And from a historical point of view, “the sages and heroes, ancient or present, who have made extraordinary merits and great achievements, usually received their mothers’ instruction in their childhood, which would determine their lifetime ambition and interests”. Therefore, they believed that “women, in particular, are the root of family education and the foundation of talent cultivation”.

It is right in this context that Fu Zengxiang, a modern educationist in China and then the director of Tianjin girls’ education affairs of the Qing dynasty, foundedthe earliest girls’ public normal school in China—“Beiyang Girls’ Normal School”.At fi rst, the school was located at the west end of Sancaili, Hebei Sanmalu, Tianjin.It was a secondary normal school, with cultivating junior and senior primary school teachers and popularizing girls’ education as its main purpose. It was initially small in size, only offering junior courses with a schooling of one and a half years. It began enrolling students on June 1, 1906, and school officially opened on June 13 (22, leap fourth month, the 32th year of Emperor Guangxu’s reign in the Qing dynasty). A total of 113 students were enrolled. Fu Zengxiang personally served as the director (schoolmaster) of the school from 1906 to 1910. He did his best in courses offering, rules and regulations making, enrollment expanding, fund raising and teacher recruitment, in an effort to lay a solid foundation for the future development and expansion of the school.

On Jan. 9, 1912, the Imperial Educational Ministry of the late Qing Dynasty was replaced by the Ministry of Education, which laid stress on the government’s responsibility of education management and service. Soon after it was set up,on Jan. 19, 1912, the Ministry of Education issued the first education decree—“Temporary Measures for General Education” that was aimed at reforming the feudal educational system. The “Measures” included the following major rules:“In terms of school management, ‘school’ should be used as the uniform name,coeducation should be allowed in the junior primary schools, division of arts from sciences should be abolished in middle schools, the practice of providing equivalents to the old degrees should be abolished, and the period of schooling should be changed from five to four years in middle schools and junior normal schools…..”1

The promulgation of the “Temporary Measures for General Education”brought about immediate effects in doing away with the old and ushering in the new of the education in the early republican period, maintaining the stability of the education system and ensuring the quality of education. Precisely because it was stipulated in explicit terms in the “Measures” that “‘school’ (xuexiao, instead of the old word, xuetang) should be used as the uniform name”, in the spring of 1912,the Chinese version of Beiyang Girls’ Normal School was of fi cially changed from“Beiyang Nu Shifan Xuetang” to “Beiyang Nu Shifan Xuexiao”, though its English version remained the same.

In May 1913, the school became a provincial school, hence the name“Zhili Girls’ Normal School”. In January 1916, on the orders of the provincial government, the school was renamed “Zhili No. 1 Girls’ Normal School”.

After the victory of the “Northern Expedition”, in order to terminate the situation of old splittist forces being entrenched in Zhili, the National Government decided, on Jan. 20, 1928, to change the name of Zhili Province into Hebei Province, with Tianjin as its capital. The Lord Mayor’s Of fi ce was cancelled, and the twenty counties originally under its jurisdiction were incorporated into Hebei Province. Thus, “Zhili No. 1 Girls’ Normal School” was renamed “Hebei Provincial No. 1 Girls’ Normal School”.

高等女子师范教育阶段

20世纪20年代初期，我国教育已由学习日本开始转向学习欧美，曾两次留学日本的直隶第一女子师范学校校长齐璧亭②再次留学美国学习先进的教育经验。留美归国后，为填补我国没有省级女子师范高等院校的空白，齐璧亭数次呈请在省内设立一所家政艺术学院。直至1929年4月23日，经河北省政府第八十五次会议通过议案，同意在第一女师校内增设省立女子师范学院，同时明确家政系为学院一系，并增设他系，以广储女子教育人才。同年6月，“河北省立女子师范学院”成立，齐璧亭任院长，自此女师进入了高等女子教育发展阶段。

河北女师学院以培养中学师资为宗旨。她以学院为总部，下设中等师范、中学、小学、幼稚园四部，自身构成了一条独立完整的教学链。学院本部，初设国文、家政（附设图画副系）两个系，1929年暑期，学院从平津两地招收新生两个班，9月10日正式开学。值得一提的是，开始附设于家政系的女师图画副系随学院一起建立，以培养中等学校美术师资及其他美术人才为主旨，1934年改为独立副系。图画副系的设立和发展，为学院后来设置美术系乃至以后发展为高等美术院校打下了一定的基础。1937年七七事变后，天津沦陷，女师学院被迫西迁。院长齐璧亭在租借地安排好附属各部学生后，率院本部师生至西安与北师大、北平大学、北洋工学院会合，组成国立西安临时大学。女师各系师生分别并入临大教育学院各系，并于1937年9月更名为“西安临时大学教育学院”。1938年，临大迁往陕南城固县，改称国立西北联合大学，西安临时大学教育学院也更名为“西北联合大学教育学院、师范学院”。1939年，女师学院与北师大组成独立的“国立西北师范学院”，后迁至兰州。1941年，齐璧亭曾任西北师院兰州分院主任。此时期除了一些师生转入抗日工作外，广大师生历尽坎坷，在极其艰难的条件下努力维系着民族教育事业。抗日战争胜利后，女师学院于1946年暑期在天津原址复校，学院恢复校名为“河北省立女子师范学院”，齐璧亭仍任院长。经过一系列筹备，女师各部于9月至10月间陆续开学。此时的女师学院本部设有国文、教育、家政、体育、音乐5个系。至1948年底，院各部共有学生300余人。

The Stage of Girls’ Higher Normal Education

In the early 1920s, when in education China began to learn from Europe and the United States instead of learning from Japan, Qi Biting2, schoolmaster of Zhili No. 1 Girls’ Normal School, who had studied twice in Japan, went to learn advanced educational experience in the United States. After he returned to China,in order to fill in the gap in provincial girls’ higher normal education in China,Qi Biting presented applications several times for the establishment of a home economics college in Zhili Province. It was not until April 23, 1929 that a motion was passed at the 85th meeting of Hebei Provincial Government, agreeing to set up a provincial girls’ normal college inside the No. 1 Girls’ Normal School, at the same time making it clear that the Department of Home Economics is one of the departments of the college, and that other departments should be added so as to gather more talents in girls’ education. In June of the same year, “Hebei Provincial Girls’ Normal College” was established, with Qi Biting as the president. From then on the Girls’ Normal School entered the stage of development of girls’ higher education.

The college aimed at cultivating middle school teachers. With the college as the central part, it had a secondary normal school, a middle school, a primary school and a kindergarten under it, constituting an independent and complete teaching chain. The central part of the college originally had two departments, the Chinese Department and the Home Economics Department (with a painting sub-department in it). During the summer vacation of 1929, the college enrolled two new classes from Beijing and Tianjin, and officially opened on September 10. It is worth mentioning that the painting sub-department of the Girls’ Normal College, whose aim was to cultivate middle school art teachers and other art talents, and which was originally attached to the Home Economics Department, was set up along with the college itself, and became an independent sub-department in 1934. The establishment and development of the painting sub-department laid a foundation for further establishment of a fi ne arts department and even later development.

As Tianjin was occupied by Japanese troops after the July 7 Incident of 1937, the Girls’ Normal College was forced to move westward. After making arrangements in concessions for the students of all subordinate parts, President Qi Biting led the teachers and students of the central part of the college to meet the teachers and students from Peking Normal University, Peking University and Beiyang Institute of Technology in Xi’an, where the four institutions ofhigher education merged to form the Xi’an National Temporary University. The teachers and students of different departments of the Girls’ Normal College were incorporated into proper departments of the Education College of the Temporary University, which was renamed “Education College of Xi’an Temporary University” in September 1937. In 1938, the Temporary University moved to Chenggu County in south Shaanxi, and was renamed the National Northwestern Associated University, and Education College of Xi’an Temporary University was renamed “Education College and Normal College of Northwestern Associated University”. In 1939, the Girls’ Normal College and Peking Normal University formed together the independent “National Northwestern Normal College”, and later moved to Lanzhou. Qi Biting once served as director of Lanzhou Branch of National Northwestern Normal College in 1941. At that time, except some teachers and students who switched to the work of resistance against Japanese aggression,vast numbers of teachers and students, regardless of innumerable frustrations,tried hard to maintain the cause of national education under extremely difficult conditions. After the victory of the resistance against Japanese invasion, the Girls’Normal College moved back to its original location in Tianjin in 1946, and resumed its original name, “Hebei Provincial Girls’ Normal College”. Qi Biting still served as the president. After a series of preparations, different parts of the Girls’ Normal College began their new term one after another from September to October. At this time the central part of the college had fi ve departments, including departments of Chinese, Education, Home Economics, Physical Education and Music, and had a total of more than 300 students at the end of 1948.

高等师范教育与高等艺术教育并存阶段

1949年1月15日天津解放，揭开了学院发展史上的新篇章。随着国立体育专科学校并入本院，河北省教育厅重新接管学院，学校名称改为“河北师范学院”并由新中国成立前只招收女学生改变为男女兼收。学院建立之初只设有教育、中文、体育、艺术（含音乐、美术、戏剧）四个系。1950年夏，戏剧组撤销，成立音乐系和美术系，李立民任美术系主任。美术系是原女师学院“图画副系”的发展，为后来学院美术教育的兴盛起到了承前启后的作用。到1956年，学院已经发展为拥有中文、历史、地理、教育、数学、物理、化学、音乐、体育、美术、外文、政教十二个系科，成为全国科系最全面的综合性师范院校之一。

1956年至1980年间，学院步入了艰难曲折的发展阶段，学院规模、名称和系科设置都处在繁复的变革之中，其趋向是由综合性师范院校逐渐向多学科艺术院校转化。这期间，学院的美术教育于坎坷中不断发展壮大，特别是学院于1959年至1962年间一改过去半个多世纪的师范性质，改建为多学科的高等美术学院，这在学院发展变迁史上具有重要意义。

1956年9月，河北师范学院数学、物理、化学、地理、体育5个系迁往石家庄，组建成河北石家庄师院（现河北师大）。1958年，中文、历史两系迁往北京，并入河北北京师院（后名河北师院，又并入河北师大）；教育、外语、政治教育3个系并入天津师大（现河北大学）；只留下音乐、美术两系，故学院更名为“河北艺术师范学院”。1959年，音乐系并入音乐学院，作为该院的师范系。美术系分解为绘画、工艺和师范三个系，学院再次更名为“河北美术学院”，这也是我院历史上首次成为具有独立建制的高等美术院校。1962年，曾并入天津音乐学院的前河北艺术师范学院音乐系被分出，迁回旧址，与河北美术学院重新合并，学院再次恢复校名为“河北艺术师范学院”。

1966年“文革”开始，学院遭遇空前浩劫。校舍被工厂占用，教职员工则被下放劳动。当时全社会在《五·七指示》（“毛泽东同志提出的各行各业都要办成亦工亦农，亦文亦武的革命化大学校的思想，就是我们的纲领”）的指引下，到处办起五·七工厂、五·七农场、五·七饲养厂、五·七大学、五·七中学、五·七干校、五·七医院等等。1970年9月，“天津市革命委员会”宣布撤销河北艺术师范学院，同时在河东区七纬路原天津音乐学院旧址筹建“天津五·七艺术学校”。学校筹建之初设音乐、美术、戏剧、舞蹈四个连队，由原河北艺术师范学院和原天津音乐学院抽调部分教师和干部组成。1972年9月，美术连迁回河北区天纬路二号原河北艺术师范学院旧址。此后，戏剧连转到天津戏校，舞蹈连转到天津歌舞团。1973年2月29日，“天津五·七艺术学校”更名为“天津艺术学院”。院部与音乐部分设在河东区，美术部分独处河北区旧址。

The Stage of Coexistence of Higher Normal Education and Higher Art Education

The liberation of Tianjin on January 15, 1949 opened a new chapter in the history of the college development. With the merging of the National Professional Training School of Sport into the college, Hebei Provincial Department of Education took over the college again. The college was renamed “Hebei Normal College”, which was a co-ed college, different from what it was before the founding of New China when the college only enrolled girl students. The college originally had only four departments, departments of Education, Chinese, Physical Education,and Art (including music, fi ne arts and drama). In the summer of 1950, the drama group was cancelled, and the Music Department and the Fine Art Department were established, with Li Limin as the dean of the Fine Art Department. The Fine Art Department, which evolved from the “painting sub-department” of the former Girls’ Normal College, played a pivotal role in the subsequent prosperity of fi ne art education. By 1956, the college had developed into one of the most comprehensive normal colleges in China, which had 12 departments, including departments of Chinese, History, Geography, Education, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Music,Physical Education, Fine Art, Foreign Languages and Political Education.

From 1956 to 1980, the college stepped into an arduous and tortuous stage of development. Its size, name, and departments and faculties offered were in a frequent and complicated change, with a tendency of transforming from a comprehensive normal college to a multidisciplinary art college. During this stage,the fi ne art education in the college was growing steadily though full of frustrations.It was particularly of great significance in the history of the development and change of the college that it became a multidisciplinary academy of fi ne arts from 1959 to 1962 with its nature of normal education, which lasted for more than half of a century, changed.

In September 1956, fi ve departments of Heibei Normal College, departments of Mathematics, Chemistry, Geography and Physical Education, moved to Shijiazhuang, where they formed Hebei Shijiazhuang Normal College (now Hebei Normal University). In 1958, its two departments, departments of Chinese and History, moved to Beijing, and were merged into Hebei Beijing Normal College(renamed Hebei Normal College later, and then merged into Hebei Normal University). Its three departments, departments of Education, Foreign Languages and Political Education, were merged into Tianjin Normal University (now Hebei University); as only the Music Department and the Fine Art Department were left,the college changed its name into “Hebei Art Teachers’ College.” In 1959, the Music Department was merged into Tianjing Conservatory of Music and became its Teacher-Training Department. The Fine Art Department was divided into three departments, departments of Painting, Arts and Crafts, and Teacher-Training, and the college changed its name into “Hebei Academy of Fine Arts”. This was the fi rst time in the history of TAFA that the college became an institution of higher art learning with its own independent organizational system. In 1962, the former Music Department of Hebei Art Teachers’ College, which was once merged into Tianjin Conservatory of Music, was separated from the conservatory and moved back to its former location, and was again merged into Hebei Academy of Fine Arts. The school name, Hebei Art Teachers’ College, was resumed.

In 1966, the Cultural Revolution began and the college suffered an unprecedented catastrophe. The school buildings were occupied by factories,and the faculty members were sent to do physical labor. At that time, the whole society began to run May Seventh Factories, May Seventh Farms, May Seventh Feed Lots, May Seventh Universities, May Seventh Middle Schools, May Seventh Cadre Schools and May Seventh Hospitals everywhere, under the guidance of the“May 7 Directive” (the ideas put forward by Comrade Mao Zedong that all trades and all walks of life must run revolutionized universities that are good at industry,agriculture, culture and military services, and this shall be our guiding principle).In September 1970, “Tianjin Revolutionary Committee” declared its decision to revoke “Hebei Art Teachers’ College”, and meanwhile to prepare to establish“Tianjin May Seventh Art School” on Qiwei Road, Hedong District, the location of former Tianjin Conservatory of Music. At the beginning of the preparation, the school set up four companies (imitating military units), companies of Music, Fine Art, Drama and Dance, whose teaching and administrative staff were part of the teachers and cadres transferred from the former Hebei Art Teachers’ College and the former Tianjin Conservatory of Music. In September 1972, the Art Company moved back to No. 2, Tianwei Road, Hebei District, the original location of Hebei Art Teachers’ College. After that, the Drama Company was transferred to Tianjin Opera School, and the Dance Company to Tianjin Song and Dance Troupe. On February 29, 1973, “Tianjin May Seventh Art School” changed its name into “Tianjin Art Institute”. The administrative section and the music section were in Hedong District, and the fi ne art section alone was in the original location in Hebei District.

高等美术教育阶段

七年之后，时间定格在1980年2月25日，经国务院批准，天津艺术学院分建为美术、音乐两所学院。天纬路上这所历尽百年沧桑的老校正式更名为“天津美术学院”，自此走上了高等美术教育的发展道路。

近些年来，为适应社会发展的需要学院不断提升办学实力和办学水平，并积极进行教学单位与专业的调整与扩展。更名之初学院仅设绘画、工艺美术两个系，而后于1984年建立美术创作设计研究所，1985年建立夜大学，同年油画、中国画专业开始试行工作室制。至1987年学院已设有四系、一校；1995年已发展为九系、一校和两个教学部；2002年又整合扩建为四个二级学院、两个直属系和一个教学部，同时按“大学科”概念在二级学院、直属系中建立基础课教学部，实行资源共享。至今天津美术学院已经拥有美术学、设计学2个一级学科点，均有硕士学位授予权及艺术硕士授予权，九个二级学院（造型艺术学院、设计艺术学院、实验艺术学院、国际艺术教育学院、中国画学院、艺术与人文学院、产品设计学院、环境与建筑艺术学院、继续教育学院）、三个教学部（公共基础课教学部、思想政治理论课教学部、研究生部），在校生人数也由20世纪80年代的几百人增至4600余人。

百年老校，史鉴沧桑，一代代锐意进取的天美人为学院的发展呕心沥血、前仆后继。面向未来，为适应新时期高等教育发展的趋势，学院将继续以立德树人为根本任务，以提升办学水平、提高教学质量为出发点和落脚点，紧紧围绕“特色鲜明、品质卓越、国际知名的中国一流美术学院”的奋斗目标继续前进！

The Stage of Higher Art Education

Seven years later, on Feb. 25, 1980, with the approval of the State Council,Tianjin Art Institute was divided into an academy of fi ne arts and a conservatory of music. The old school located on Tianwei Road, which had experienced a hundred years of vicissitudes, was of fi cially renamed “Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts”, and henceforth embarked on the path of development of higher art education.

In recent years, in order to meet the needs of social development, the academy has continuously enhanced its teaching capacity and raised its level of education,and has actively carried out adjustments and expansions in terms of teaching units and majors. At the beginning, it only had two departments, the Painting Department and the Arts and Crafts Department. In 1984, the Research Institute of Artistic Creation and Design was established; in 1985, an evening college was set up. In the same year, the studio system began to be implemented on a trial basis in the oil painting and the Chinese painting majors. By 1987, the academy had had four departments and one school; and in 1995 it had nine departments, one school,and two teaching departments. In 2002, after further integration and expansion,the academy had already four secondary colleges, two departments directly under the academy and one teaching department, and, according to the concept of“big discipline”, established basic course teaching departments in the secondary colleges and the departments directly under the academy for the purpose of sharing resources.

Today, Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts has already two fi rst-class discipline programs, including fine art studies and design studies, both of which have the right to grant master’s degree and degree of master of art, 9 secondary colleges(School of Plastic Art, School of Art Design, School of Experimental Art, School of International Art Education, School of Traditional Chinese Painting, School of Arts and Humanities, School of Product Design, School of Environmental and Architectural Art, and School of Continuing Education), three teaching departments(Teaching Department of Public Elementary Courses, Teaching Department of Ideological and Political Theory, and Department of Graduate Students). The number of students at school increased from several hundred in the 1980s to more than 4,600.

History witnessed the vicissitudes of this old school with a history of over a hundred years. Generations of the enterprising people at Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts have made painstaking and continuous efforts for the development of the academy. Geared to future, in order to be adapted to the trend of development of higher education in the new period, the academy will continue to take morality education and talent training as its fundamental task, raising its level of education and improving its quality of teaching as its starting point and foothold, and most importantly, the academy will continue to forge ahead toward the goal of building“an internationally renowned and domestically fi rst-class fi ne arts academy with distinctive features and excellent quality”!

注释：

①周文佳：《民国初年“壬子癸丑学制”述评》，《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2011年第11期，第47—52页。

②齐国樑（1883—1968），号璧亭，山东宁津人。我国近代知名教育家，女子师范教育奠基人，致力于女子师范教育达34年。1916年1月至1949年8月先后任直隶第一女子师范学校校长、河北省立女子师范学院院长，为我校创建以来任职时间最长的校长。

［1］河北省立女子师范学院.河北省立女子师范学院一览［M］．天津：河北省立女子师范学院，1934．

［2］王炳照，阎国华.中国教育思想通史（第六卷）［M］．长沙：湖南教育出版社，1994．

［3］黄新宪.中国近现代女子教育［M］．福州：福建出版社，1992．

［4］教育部.第二次中国教育年鉴第5编［M］．上海：上海商务印书馆，1948．

［5］李建强.文化名流名脉——百年河北师范大学［M］．北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店，2012．

刘 斌：天津美术学院图书馆副研究馆员

Notes:

1 Zhou Wenjia, “A Review of the ‘Ren-Zi and Gui-Chou Schooling System’in the Early Republican Period”, Journal of Hebei Normal University Educational Science Edition, No. 11,2011, pp. 47-52.

2 Qi Guoliang (1883-1968), also known as Biting, was a native of Ningjin, Shandong Province. As a famous modern educationist and the founder of girls’ normal education, he devoted himself to girls’ normal education for 34 years. He acted as the schoolmaster of Zhili No.1 Girls’ Normal School and the president of Hebei Provincial Girls’ Normal College in succession from January 1916 to August 1949, and was the head with the longest tenure in the history of our academy.

References:

[1] Hebei Provincial Girls’ Normal College. A General Survey of Hebei Provincial Girls’Normal College [M]. Hebei Provincial Girls’ Normal College, 1934.

[2] Wang Bingzhao, Yan Guohua. General History of Ideas on Education in China (Vol.VI) [M]. Changsha: Hunan Education Publishing House, 1994.

[3] Huang Xinxian. Girls’ Education in Modern China [M]. Fuzhou: Fujian Education Press, 1992.

[4] Ministry of Education. The Second China Education Yearbook Vol. V [M] Shanghai:Commercial Press, 1948.

[5] Li Jianqiang. Famous Cultural Personages and Institutions: Hebei Normal University with a History of One Hundred Years [M]. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2012.

Liu Bin: associate professor of library science at the Library of TAFA

A Textual Research on the Changes of School Names in the Century-Long History of Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts

/Liu Bin

天津美术学院的前身是北洋女师范学堂，学堂自1906年建立至今已有一百一十年的历史。在这百余年的办学历史中，学校先后更名十八次，共使用校名十六个。本文试图通过多方面资料考证学院的历次更名情况。

北洋女师范学堂；河北省立女子师范学院；天津美术学院；更名

110 years have passed since the founding of Beiyang Girls’ Normal School, the predecessor of Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, in 1906. In its history of more than one hundred years, the school has been renamed eighteen times, and a total of sixteen names have been used. This paper attempts to explore the previous renaming of the academy by examining a variety of materials.

Beiyang Girls’ Normal School; Hebei Provincial Girls’ Normal College; Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts; renaming