变一变，书面表达的句式更完美

□黎劲松

变一变，书面表达的句式更完美

□黎劲松

书面表达是各级各类考试中必考题型之一。它主要考查同学们遣词造句、连句成篇的能力。其中，造句的“颜值”直接影响着书面表达的得分。英语的句式讲究变化，在一篇文章中，简单句、复杂句和其他特殊句式要交错运用。单一、简单、重复是写作中的忌讳。因此，写作中要牢记一个字，那就是“变”。

变化一：There be句型变革

There be句型是初中英语的常用句型之一。在介绍某地有某物的时候，大家经常用到它。但是如果连续采用there be句型，文章的句式就显得单调。

1.改be动词为stand，live，lie等相应的实义动词

【例1】There is a tree in front of the house.

→There stands a tree in front of the house.

【例2】There was a river ten years ago.

→There lay a river ten years ago.

2.用其他句式取代there be句型

【例3】There are some students on the p layground.

→Some students are on the playground.

变化二：借助连词，结构更严谨

连词有连接词、短语和句子的功能。恰当运用连词，能使文章更有连贯性、逻辑性。

【例4】Tom is a ten-year-old boy.He loves English very much.

→Tom is a ten-year-old boy，and he loves English very much.

注意：原来是两个简单句。变化后，两个简单句之间的句号变成了逗号，并加有连词and。

【例5】I should do the work.You shouldn't do the work.

→I rather than you，should do the work.两个简单句，通过连词词组rather than合二为一。

【例6】If you work hard，you will get good grades.

→Work hard，and you will get good grades.

原句是个状语从句，从句和主句都有主语you，改变后省掉了从句中的连词if和主语you，在主句中增加了连词and。

变化三：主动变被动，客观又地道

汉语常用主动句式，而英语更重视被动句式。在书面表达中，多用被动句式，既客观，又体现了英语的风味。

【例如7】We should take measures to protect the environment.

→Measures should be taken to protect the environment.

【例如8】We should pay attention to the traffic problems.

→Attention should be paid to the traffic problems.

变化四：简单句变复杂句，大气且明了

汉语句式的特点像一根竹子，一节一节的；英语句式像一串葡萄，主干加分支。这一特点决定了英语句子在外形上有着大气且逻辑性强的特点。

【例9】Tom bought a pen yesterday，but the pen doesn't work well.这是两个简单句。前句中的pen和后句中的pen重复使用，可以把前句变成定语从句。

→The pen that Tom bought yesterday doesn't work well.

【例10】He was very careless，so he made some m istakes in the exam.

→He was so careless that he made some m istakes in the exam.

变化五：主语善变，颜值大增

除了名词、代词经常做句子的主语外，更要注重动名词和it做形式主语的运用。

【例11】He arrived late yesterday.The teacher was annoyed.

这两个简单句，一因一果。原因可以简化为一个动名词，两句合成一个句子。

→His arriving late yesterday annoyed the teacher.

也可以把原因变为主语从句，用it做形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。

→It annoyed the teacher that he arrived late yesterday.

变化六：倒装句的使用，锦上添花

在初中英语九年级教材中有两处使用到了倒装句。

【例12】Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.（Unit 7）

本句中，因为把only then放在了句首，所以主句的助动词will移到了主语前。

【例13】Not only can the art bring happiness to others，but it also shows that even cold，hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.（Unit 13）

本句中not only放在了句首，情态动词can移到了主语前面。

变化七：妙用分词，浓缩又精炼

【例14】The teacher came in.Two students followed him.

→The teacher came in，followed by two students.followed是过去分词，表被动。在本句中整个分词短语作状语。

【例15】The girl went out of the room.The light was on.

→The girl went out of the room，leaving the light on.本句在改动时，增加了一个动词的现在分词leaving，表示伴随状态。

【例16】When he talks about soccer，he is always excited.

→When talking about soccer，he is always excited.原句中从句和主句都有主语he，改动后，省掉了从句中的he，并把从句中谓语动词改成了现在分词。

注意：分词作状语有两种形式，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。

变化八：改头换面，平淡显神奇

【例17】Mary is very p leased and telephones her mother.

→Pleased，Mary telephone her mother.（以形容词开头）

【例18】The child stayed there quietly.

→Quietly，the child stayed there.（以副词开头）

【例19】He got up very early to catch the bus.

→To catch the bus，he got up very early.（以不定式开头）

【例20】He enjoys p laying games like other children.

→Like other children，he enjoys playing games.（以介词短语开头）