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海南油楠叶的化学成分

2016-03-19张军锋陈祎平梁振益嵇莎莎林昭华

安徽农业科学 2016年13期
关键词:分离化学成分

张军锋, 陈祎平, 梁振益, 嵇莎莎, 林昭华

(海南大学材料与化工学院,海南海口 570228)



海南油楠叶的化学成分

张军锋, 陈祎平*, 梁振益, 嵇莎莎, 林昭华

(海南大学材料与化工学院,海南海口 570228)

摘要[目的]明确海南油楠叶的化学成分。[方法]采用硅胶柱色谱对海南油楠叶的正己烷提取物和醋酸乙酯提取物进行分离,根据理化性质及波谱分析确定结构。[结果]分离得到9个化合物,鉴定为木栓酮(1)、3β-3-壬氧基-12-齐墩果烯(2)、8R,9R-环氧-β-石竹烯(3)、蒲公英萜醇(4)、豆甾烷-5烯-3-醇(5)、麦角甾-5-烯-3-醇(6)、2α,3β,-二羟基-24-去甲基-4(23)-12-齐墩果烯(7)、齐墩果酸(8)和邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(9)。[结论]化合物1~9均为首次从该植物的树叶中分离得到。

关键词油楠;化学成分;分离;木栓酮

油楠(SindoraglabraMerr.ex De Wit.)是苏木科蚌壳树属植物,又名蚌壳树、曲脚楠、科楠、脂树等。油楠分布于东南亚的越南、泰国、马来西亚、菲律宾等国和中国的海南岛,同属的植物广泛分布于亚洲、非洲的热带地区的热带雨林中[1]。

油楠是热带、亚热带的能源树种,高大乔木,高在3 m以上,胸径可长至1.5 m,生长在山地海拔700 m以下的沟谷旁和山坡上的杂木林中。油楠在我国主要分布于海南岛的乐东、陵水、东方、白沙、昌江、儋州和三亚等地。其树干木质内含有一种丰富的淡棕色可燃性油质液体,气味清香,颜色如同煤油,可燃性能与柴油相似,经过滤后可直接供柴油机使用,可作为柴油的代用品。油楠油还可用来做食用香料,油楠的种子可治疗皮肤病。目前,国内外关于油楠化学成分的研究已有报道,主要是脂肪酸和挥发油的成分分析,而关于海南油楠叶化学成分的研究国内外鲜见报道。鉴于此,笔者研究了海南油楠叶的化学成分,以期为油楠的进一步研究与开发提供参考。

1材料与方法

1.1材料

1.1.1仪器与试剂。Bruker AM-400 型核磁共振波谱仪,TMS 为内标; 薄层色谱硅胶板(山东烟台化工厂生产),200~300目柱色谱硅胶(山东青岛海洋化工厂) ,溶剂为西陇化工股份有限公司产品。

1.1.2供试植物。海南油楠叶采自海南省中部山区,由海南省林业科学研究所高级工程师李大周鉴定为SindoraglabraMerr.ex De Wit.(油楠)。样品存放于热带岛屿资源先进材料教育部重点实验室。

1.2试验方法将新采的海南油楠叶在室内风干,粉碎得新鲜的油楠叶(1 500.00 g),在室温下用无水乙醇浸泡,滤过、浓缩,得浓缩液500 mL。浓缩液依次用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取得正己烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物。取正己烷提取物(13.10 g)用硅胶柱色谱分离。洗脱液用石油醚-乙酸乙酯9∶1、7∶3、1∶1、2∶8进行洗脱,得到19个组分(S1~S19);S2经一次硅胶柱色谱分离后重结晶得化合物 1 (37 mg);S3经一次硅胶柱色谱分离后得化合物 2(15 mg)和 3(10 mg);S5经一次硅胶柱色谱分离后重结晶得化合物4(10 mg);S6经一次硅胶柱色谱分离后重结晶得化合物5(36 mg);S3经一次硅胶柱色谱分离后得化合物 6(10 mg)和 7(10 mg)。取乙酸乙酯提取物(12.00 g)用硅胶柱色谱分离。洗脱液用石油醚-乙酸乙酯8∶2、1∶1、2∶8进行洗脱,得到20个组分(J1~J20);J3进行重结晶得到化合物8(12 mg);J7进行柱色谱分离后得到化合物9(20 mg)。

2结果与分析

2.1化合物1白色固体。ESI-MSm/z:425.73 [M-H];1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDC13) 显示有8个单峰甲基δ: 1.17 (3H,s,Me-28),1.05 (3H,s,Me-27),0.98 (6H,s,Me-26,30),0.94 (3H,s,Me-29),0.86 (3H,d,J= 6.8 Hz,Me-23),0.85 (3H,s,Me-25),0.72 (3H,s,Me-24);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDC13) δ: 22.1 (C-1),41.4 (C-2),213.0 (C-3),58.0 (C-4),42.0 (C-5),41.1 (C-6),18.0 (C-7),52.9 (C-8),37.3 (C-9),59.3 (C-10),35.5 (C-11),30.3 (C-12),39.5 (C-13),38.1 (C-14),32.3 (C-15),35.9 (C-16),29.8 (C-17),42.6 (C-18),35.2 (C-19),28.0 (C-20),32.6 (C-21),39.1 (C-22),6.7 (C-23),14.5 (C-24),17.8 (C-25),20.1 (C-26),l8.5 (C-27),32.0 (C-28),34.9 (C-29),31.7 (C-30)。以上数据与文献[2]报道的数据基本一致,故确定为木栓酮。

2.2化合物2 色粉末状固体。ESI-MSm/z: 553.5 [M+H];1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDC13) δ: 0.85 (3H,s,H-9′),0.87 (1H,d,J= 11.5 Hz,H-5),0.88 (1H,m,H-7),0.90 (1H,m,H-15),0.93 (1H,m,H-16),0.95 (3H,s,H-28),0.98 (1H,m,H-1),0.99 (3H,s,H-29),1.00 (3H,s,H-26),1.04 (3H,s,H-24),1.09 (3H,s,H-30),1,10 (1H,m,H-22),1.12 (1H,m,H-21),1.14 (3H,s,H-25),1.16 (3H,s,H-23),1.25 (3H,s,H-27),1.26 (1H,m,H-7),1.26 (2H,m,H-6′),1.27 (2H,m,H-7′),1.29 (2H,m,H-4′),1.29 (1H,m,H-6),1.30 (2H,m,H-5′),1.31 (2H,m,H-3′),1.35 (2H,m,H-8′),1.40 (1H,m,H-6),1.44 (1H,m,H-16),1.45 (2H,m,H-2′),1.48 (1H,m,H-15),1.59 (1H,m,H-2),1.59 (1H,m,H-9),1.65 (1H,m,H-19),1.68 (1H,m,H-22),1.69 (1H,m,H-21),1.76 (1H,m,H-11),1.89 (1H,m,H-19),1.95 (1H,m,H-18),2.01 (1H,m,H-2),2.01 (1H,m,H-11),3.46 (1H,t-like,J= 3.6 Hz,H-3),3.64 (3H,t,J= 4.4 Hz,H-1′),5.62 (1H,t,J= 3.5 Hz,H-12);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDC13) δ: 38.98 (C-1),27.84 (C-2),77.21 (C-3),38.97 (C-4),49.74 (C-5),18.41 (C-6),32.39 (C-7),37.87 (C-8),47.48 (C-9),36.10 (C-10),23.67 (C-11),122.05 (C-12),141.65 (C-13),40.84 (C-14),25.75 (C-15),27.84 (C-16),32.85 (C-17),47.48 (C-18),47.48 (C-19),30.37 (C-20),34.87 (C-21),36.05 (C-22),28.26 (C-23),14.10 (C-24),16.20 (C-25),16.20 (C-26),25.75 (C-27),28.26 (C-28),33.15 (C-29),23.67 (C-30),63.12 (C-1′),27.84 (C-2′),25.75 (C-3′),29.44 (C-4′),29.44 (C-5′),29.36 (C-6′),31.93 (C-7′),22.67 (C-8′),14.10 (C-9′)。以上数据与文献[3]报道的数据基本一致,故鉴定为β-3-壬氧基-12-齐墩果烯。

2.3化合物31H-NMR (400 MHz,CDC13) δ: 2.62 (1H,dt,J= 10.0,9.5 Hz,H-2),1.62 (1H,t,J= 10.0 Hz,H-3),1.69 (1H,dd,J= 10.0,8.0 Hz,H-3),1.76 (1H,t,J= 10.0 Hz,H-5),1.43 (1H,m,H-6),1.65 (1H,m,H-6),0.97 (1H,m,H-7),2.09 (1H,m,H-7),2.87 (1H,dd,J= 11.0,4.0 Hz,H-9),1.32 (1H,m,H-10),2.25 (1H,m,H-10),2.11 (1H,m,H-11),2.25 (1H,m,H-11),4.86 (1H,d,J= 1.0 Hz,H-12),4.97 (1H,d,J= 1.0 Hz,H-12),1.01 (1H,s,H-13),0.98 (1H,s,H-14),1.20 (1H,s,H-15)。以上数据与文献[4]数据一致,故确定化合物3为8R,9R-环氧-β-石竹烯。

2.4化合物4无色雪花状晶体。 ESI-MSm/z:427.7 [M+H];1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDC13) δ: 5.54 (1H,dd,J= 8.0,3.0 Hz,H-15),3.20 (1H,dd,J= 11.0,4.0 Hz,H-3),2.04 (1H,dt,J= 13.0,3.5 Hz,H-16b),1.92 (1H,dd,J= 15.0,3.0 Hz,H-16a),1.09 (3H,s,H-26),0.98 (3H,s,H-23),0.95 (3H,s,H-28),0.93 (3H,s,H-25),0.91 (3H,s,H-27),0.91 (3H,s,H-30),0.82 (3H,s,H-28),0.80 (3H,s,H-24);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDC13) δ: 37.7 (C-1),27.1 (C-2),79.1 (C-3),38.8 (C-4),55.5 (C-5),18.8 (C-6),41.3 (C-7),39.0 (C-8),49.3 (C-9),38.0 (C-10),17.5 (C-11),33.7 (C-12),37.6 (C-13),158.1 (C-14),116.9 (C-15),37.7 (C-16),35.8 (C-17),48.7 (C-18),36.7 (C-19),28.8 (C-20),33.1 (C-21),35.1 (C-22),28.0 (C-23),15.4 (C-24),15.4 (C-25),25.9 (C-26),21.3 (C-27),29.8 (C-28),33.3(C-29),29.9 (C-30)。以上数据与文献[5]报道的数据基本一致,故鉴定该化合物为蒲公英萜醇。

2.5化合物5无色针状结晶。EI-MSm/z: 414[M]+;1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDC13) δ: 0.65 (3H,s,C-18),0.79 (3H,d,J= 7.0 Hz,C-27),0.82 (3H,d,J= 7.0 Hz,C-26),0.88 (3H,t,J= 7.0 Hz,C-29),0.96 (3H,d,J= 6.6Hz,C-21),0.99(3H,s,C-19),3.49 (1H,m,H-3 ),5.32 (1H,m,H-6 );13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDC13) δ: 11.9 (C-18),12.1 (C-29),18.8 (C-21),19.1 (C-27),19.5 (C-19),19.9 (C-26),21.2 (C-11),23.1 (C-28 ),24.4 (C-15 ),26.2(C-23),28.3 (C-16),31.7 (C-2),32.0 (C-7),34.0 (C-22),37.3 (C-1),39.9 (C-12),42.4 (C-4),16.0 (C-24),16.4 (C-25),32.0 (C-8),36.2(C-20),50.2 (C-9),56.1 (C-17),56.9 (C-14),71.9 (C-3),121.8 (C-6),36.6 (C-10),42.4 (C-13),140.8 (C-5)。以上波谱数据与文献[6]一致,故鉴定为豆甾烷-5烯-3-醇。

2.6化合物61H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 0.677 (3H,s,C-18),0.819 (3H,d,J= 7.0 Hz,C-27),0.842 (3H,d,J= 7.0 Hz,C-26),0.910 (3H,t,J= 7.0 Hz,C-29),0.926 (3H ,d,J = 6.6 Hz,C-21),1.006 (3H,s,C-19),3.551(1H,m,H-3),5.356(1H,m,H-6);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 37.29 (C-1),31.71 (C-2),71.83 (C-3),42.36 (C-4),140.78 (C-5),121.70 (C-6),23.12 (C-7),31.95 (C-8),50.19 (C-9),36.21 (C-10),21.11 (C-11),39.82 (C-12),42.355 (C-13),56.12 (C-14),24.32 (C-15),28.25 (C-16),56.86 (C-17),11.87 (C-18),19.40 (C-19),36.16 (C-20),19.06 (C-21),140.78 (C-22),121.701 (C-23),45.90 (C-24),29.23 (C-25),19.40(C-26),19.81 (C-27),23.12(C-28)。 以上数据与文献[7]基本一致,故确定该化合物为麦角甾-5-烯-3-醇。

2.7化合物7白色针状晶体。ESI-MS:m/z427.6 [M+H];13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 44.48 (C-1),50.41 (C-2),56.86 (C-3),147.51 (C-4),44.67 (C-5),

20.23(C-6),34.21 (C-7),40.83 (C-8),44.67 (C-9),38.65 (C-10),25.45 (C-11),121.96 (C-12),147.51 (C-13),40.83 (C-14),27.77 (C-15),25.45 (C-16),31.57 (C-17),44.67 (C-18),44.48 (C-19),31.57 (C-20),34.67 (C-21),37.96 (C-22),111.33 (C-23),111.20 (C-24),15.21 (C-25),18.08 (C-26),25.45 (C-27),27.77 (C-28),32.93 (C-29)。以上核磁数据与文献[8]对照,确定该化合物为2α,3β,-二羟基-24-去甲基-4(23)-12-齐墩果烯。

2.8化合物8白色粉末状固体。mp: 237.1~239.2 ℃。13C-NMR光谱数据与齐墩果酸的数据[9-10]一致,故鉴定为齐墩果酸。

2.9化合物9白色粉末。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDC13) δ: 7.71 (2H,dd,J= 6.0,3.2 Hz),7.52 (2H,dd,J= 6.0,3.2 Hz),4.30 (1H,t,J= 6.8 Hz),1.73 (4H,m),1.58 (4H,m),0.96 (4H,m),0.88 (4H,m),0.83 (3H,t,J= 6.4 Hz)。以上数据与SDBS数据库标准图谱对照确定为邻苯二甲酸二戊酯。

3结论

从海南油楠叶中共分离得到9个化合物,鉴定为木栓酮、3β-3-壬氧基-12-齐墩果烯、8R,9R-环氧-β-石竹烯、蒲公英萜醇、豆甾烷-5烯-3-醇、麦角甾-5-烯-3-醇、2α,3β,-二羟基-24-去甲基-4(23)-12-齐墩果烯、齐墩果酸和邻苯二甲酸二戊酯,其中这9个化合物均为首次从该植物的树叶中分离得到。

参考文献

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[10] 张树军,张军锋,王金兰.紫丁香树皮的化学成分研究[J].中草药,2006,37(11): 1624-1626.

基金项目海南省教育厅资助项目(Hjkj2013-04)。

作者简介张军锋(1976- ),男,河南邓州人,副教授,从事天然产物化学研究。*通讯作者,教授,从事天然产物化学及应用研究。

收稿日期2016-04-05

中图分类号S 727.4

文献标识码A

文章编号0517-6611(2016)13-017-02

Research on the Chemical Constituents in Leaf ofSindoraglabraMerr.ex De Wit.

ZHANG Jun-feng, CHEN Yi-ping*, LIANG Zhen-yi et al

(Materials and Chemical Engineering Institute,Hainan University,Haikou, Hainan 570228)

Abstract[Objective] The chemical constituents in Sindora glabra Merr.ex De Wit.leaf was analyzed.[Method] The Hexane and ethyl acetate extracted from the leaves were isolated and purified with silica gel column chromatography and the structure of the extracts was elucidated based on their physicochemical property and spectroscopic analysis.[Result] Nine compounds: friedelin,3β-3-nonyloxy-12-oleanen,8R,9R-epoxy-β-carophyllene, Taraxero, stigmastane-5-ene-3-ol, ergosta -5-ene-3-ol, 2α, 3β, -dyhydroxyl -24- methyl-4(23)-12-oleanen,oleanolic acid and diamyl phthalate,were isolated.[Conclusion] The compounds: friedelin, 3β-3-nonyloxy-12-oleanen, 8R, 9R-epoxy-β-carophyllene, taraxero, stigmastane-5-ene-3-ol,ergosta-5-ene-3-ol, oleanolic acid, and diamyl phthalate are firstly isolated from Sindora glabra Merr. ex De Wit.

Key wordsSindora glabra Merr.ex De Wit;Chemical Constituent; Isolation; Friedelin

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