胰腺星状细胞通过HGF/c-Met信号通路调控胰腺癌的侵袭转移
2016-01-24崔英沈曼茹颜美珠黄继英唐鄂安敏喻青徐林芳李晓翠史先芳高振军
崔英 沈曼茹 颜美珠 黄继英 唐鄂 安敏 喻青 徐林芳 李晓翠 史先芳 高振军
胰腺星状细胞通过HGF/c-Met信号通路调控胰腺癌的侵袭转移
崔英沈曼茹颜美珠黄继英唐鄂安敏喻青徐林芳李晓翠史先芳高振军
目的探讨胰腺星状细胞(PSCs)调控胰腺癌的迁移和侵袭转移机制。方法检测PSCs培养上清液中肝细胞生长因子(HGF)蛋白的含量。应用PSCs上清液、PSCs上清液加HGF中和抗体或加c-Met特异性抑制剂PHA-665752分别处理人胰腺癌细胞株AsPC-1细胞,以不加PSCs上清液细胞作为对照组,采用MTT法检测AsPC-1细胞的增殖,Transwell小室检测细胞迁移能力,体外侵袭实验观察细胞侵袭能力。 结果PSCs上清液中HGF蛋白含量为(4 213±543)ng/L。PSCs上清液组、PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组、PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组及对照组细胞增殖的A490值分别为0.628±0.030、0.324±0.021、0.347±0.054及0.405±0.008,穿膜细胞数分别为(123.3±6.8)、(62.4±6.9)、(58.1±2.2)、(36.6±4.8)/400倍视野,侵袭细胞数分别为(70.0±2.3)、(42.5±4.6)、(42.7±2.8)、(36.4±3.5)/400倍视野。PSCs上清液组细胞增殖、穿膜及侵袭能力较对照组显著升高,PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组及PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组细胞增殖、穿膜及侵袭能力较PSCs上清液组显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),而PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组与PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组之间的细胞增殖、穿膜及侵袭能力差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论PSCs可能是通过HGF/c-Met信号通路从而调控胰腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。
胰腺肿瘤;星形细胞;肝细胞生长因子;原癌基因蛋白质c-Met
近年来胰腺癌的发病率有增高的趋势[1-2]。由于发展迅速,早期即有局部及远处转移,故胰腺癌预后极差。研究证实,胰腺星状细胞(pancreatic stellate cells, PSCs)可促进胰腺癌的侵袭转移[3-4],但其机制尚不清楚。本课题组既往的研究证实,SDF-1/CXCR4受体配体系统在PSCs促进胰腺癌转移侵袭中起重要作用,但抑制SDF-1/CXCR4途径并不能完全抑制肿瘤的侵袭转移,故可能存在其他调控机制。肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor, HGF)/c-Met信号通路被认为与许多恶性肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关,其中包括胃癌、肺癌、食道癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、头颈部癌、卵巢癌等[5-6]。本研究旨在进一步探讨HGF/c-Met信号通路在胰腺癌侵袭转移中的作用。
材料与方法
一、PSCs上清液的制备
胰腺癌根治术中获取新鲜癌旁组织,在无菌环境、无血清培养液中剪成0.5 mm3大小的组织块,贴放于培养皿中,间隔0.5~1.0 cm。加入含20%胎牛血清(FCS)的DMEM/F12培养液培养24 h后更换培养液培养3~5 d,每2~3 d更换培养液。待组织块周围有星状细胞爬出并形成克隆后小心去除组织块,用含乙二酰四乙酸(EDTA)的0.25%胰蛋白酶消化细胞,洗涤后置培养皿中培养。待细胞贴壁生长至70%~80%融合时按1∶3比例传代。收集对数生长期PSCs,弃去培养液,用PBS冲洗2遍,加无血清DMEM/F12培养液5 ml培养48 h,收集上清液,过滤去除细胞碎片,置-80℃保存备用。
二、PSCs培养上清液HGF蛋白含量的检测
采用ELISA法定量测定PSCs上清液HGF蛋白含量,人HGF ELISA试剂盒购自江苏晶美生物科技有限公司,按说明书操作。上Bio-rad比色仪测定各孔在490 nm处的吸光度值(A490值)。参照标准曲线计算样本浓度。HGF最小检测浓度为40 ng/L。
三、人胰腺癌AsPC-1细胞增殖的检测
人胰腺癌细胞株AsPC-1购自中科院细胞库,常规培养、传代。取对数生长期AsPC-1细胞制成单细胞悬液,按每孔5×103个细胞(100 μl)接种于96孔板,贴壁生长后换无血清培养液(SFM)。实验分4组,分别为加入PSCs上清液、PSCs上清液+60μg/ml HGF中和抗体(Sigma-Aldrich公司)、PSCs上清液+100 nmol/L c-Met抑制剂PHA-665752(Selleck chemicals公司)的SFM,以单加SFM为对照组。每组设5个平行孔,培养24 h后每孔加入浓度为5 mg/ml的MTT 20 μl继续培养4 h,吸弃上清液,每孔加入150 μl DMSO振荡10 min,用酶标仪测定各孔在490 nm波长处的吸光度值(A490值)。
四、细胞迁移实验
收集对数生长期AsPC-1细胞,应用SFM制备2×105/ml的单细胞悬液。取Transwell小室,在隔膜的上室铺100 μl/ml的纤连蛋白(Fn,Sigma-Aldrich公司)50 μl,各组上室加入200 μl的细胞悬液,下室分别加入500 μl PSCs上清液、PSCs上清液+60 μg/ml HGF中和抗体、PSCs上清液+100 nmol/L PHA-665752的SFM,以只加SFM为对照组。每组5个Transwell小室。常规培养12 h,取出隔膜,用棉签轻轻擦去未穿膜细胞,用0.1%结晶紫染色20 min,高倍镜下随机取10个视野,计数穿膜细胞数,取均值。实验重复3次。
五、细胞侵袭实验
收集对数生长期AsPC-1细胞,加入SFM制备1×106/ml的单细胞悬液。应用体外侵袭试剂盒ECM550(Chemicon公司)检测细胞体外侵袭能力。各组上室加入300 μl细胞悬液,下室分别加入500 μl PSCs上清液、PSCs上清液+60μg/ml HGF中和抗体、PSCs上清液+100 nmol/L PHA-665752的含2% FCS培养液,以单加500 μl含2% FCS的培养液为对照组。每组5个小室。培养48 h后,用0.1%结晶紫染色20 min,高倍镜下随机计数10个视野的穿膜细胞数,取均数。实验重复3次。
六、统计学处理
结 果
一、PSCs上清液中HGF蛋白的含量
PSCs上清液中HGF蛋白的含量为(4 213±543)ng/L。
二、AsPC-1细胞增殖的变化
PSCs上清液组、PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组、PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组及对照组培养24 h的细胞增殖A490值分别为0.628±0.030、0.324±0.021、0.347±0.054及0.405±0.008,PSCs上清液组较对照组显著升高,PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组及PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组较PSCs上清液组显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组与PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
三、AsPC-1细胞迁移能力变化
PSCs上清液组、PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组、PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组及对照组的穿膜细胞数分别为(123.3±6.8)、(62.4±6.9)、(58.1±2.2)、(36.6±4.8)/400倍视野,PSCs上清液组较对照组显著增加, PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组与PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组较PSCs上清液组显著减少,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),而PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组与PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
四、AsPC-1细胞体外侵袭能力变化
PSCs上清液组、PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组、PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组及对照组的侵袭细胞数分别为(70.0±2.3)、(42.5±4.6)、(42.7±2.8)、(36.4±3.5)/400倍视野,PSCs上清液组较对照组显著增多,PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组及PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组较PSCs上清液组显著减少,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),而PSCs上清液+HGF中和抗体组与PSCs上清液+c-Met抑制剂组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
讨 论
胰腺癌组织中有大量间质组织,肿瘤-间质之间的相互作用在肿瘤进展中起着重要作用。1998年Bachem等[7]确定胰腺组织中胞质含维生素A的细胞为PSCs,该细胞位于胰腺小叶间和腺泡周围区,围绕邻近腺细胞基底部,在正常胰腺组织中处于静止状态,活化时胞质内脂滴消失、呈α-SMA染色阳性的肌成纤维样细胞。胰腺癌在病理组织学上大部分以肿瘤周围纤维化增加为特点,且纤维化程度与肿瘤的侵袭转移程度相关。大量实验证实促进胰腺纤维化的细胞为PSCs[8-9]。但PSCs促进胰腺癌侵袭转移的机制尚未完全清楚。本课题组既往的实验证实,使用PSCs上清液处理AsPC-1细胞后可以促进其增殖、迁移和侵袭,应用SDF-1抗体中和后该促进作用被抑制,提示PSCs分泌到培养上清中的SDF-1促进胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。但也发现可能存在其他一些因子影响癌细胞的增殖、转移及侵袭[10]。
肝细胞生长因子主要来源于基质成纤维细胞[11],是一种多功能的细胞因子,具有强大的促分裂、组织成形、诱导上皮细胞迁移、侵袭以及诱发血管生成的作用[12],其生物学活性由c-Met受体蛋白介导。当HGF与其受体c-Met结合后,胞质中的酪氨酸残基可发生磷酸化,进而激活c-Met蛋白激酶结构域中的酪氨酸激酶(PTK),活化的PTK可引起c-Met羧基末端酪氨酸的磷酸化[13]。HGF/c-Met介导的信号转导通路可使细胞-细胞间的黏附作用减弱,增强整合素的功能活性,促进细胞与细胞外基质成分的黏附,从而刺激多种类型癌细胞的迁移、侵袭[14]。
本研究结果显示,应用含有HGF的PSCs上清液处理AsPC-1细胞后可促进细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭;应用HGF中和抗体后PSCs上清液对肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭作用被抑制;应用c-Met抑制剂处理PSCs上清液后AsPC-1细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭作用也被明显抑制,表明HGF可能通过HGF/c-Met信号通路调控胰腺癌的增殖、侵袭及转移,该通路是除了SDF-1/CXCR4受体配体系统外另一个与胰腺癌的恶性生物学行为密切相关的信号通路。
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(本文编辑:吕芳萍)
The regulation of invasion and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer by pancreatic stellate cells via the HGF/c-Met pathway
CuiYing,ShenManru,YanMeizhu,HuangJiying,TangE,AnMin,YuQing,XuLinfang,LiXiaocui,ShiXianfang,GaoZhenjun.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,ZhongshanHospitalQingpuBrach,FudanUniversity,Shanghai201700,China
Correspondingauthor:GaoZhenjun,Email:cui_yin@126.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the regulation mechanism of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) on invasion and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer through the pathway of HGF/c-Met. MethodsHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) level in PSCs supernatant was detected. PSCs supernatant, PSCs supernatant plus anti-HGF antibody, PSCs supernatant plus c-Met specific inhibitor PHA 665752 were used to treat human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells, and untreated cells served as controls. MTT assay was applied to detect cell proliferation. Transwell chamber migration assay was employed to detect cell migration. In vitro invasion assay was used to determine cell invasion. ResultsThe level of HGF in PSCs supernatant was (4 213±543)ng/L.A490value for cell proliferation in PSCs supernatant, PSCs supernatant+anti-HGF, PSCs supernatant+c-Met inhibitor and control group were 0.628±0.030, 0.324±0.021, 0.347±0.054 and 0.405±0.008. The number of penetrating cells per 400 high power field was 123.3±6.8, 62.4±6.9, 58.1±2.2 and 36.6±4.8, respectively. The number of invasive cells per 400 high power field was 70.0±2.3, 42.5±4.6, 42.7±2.8 and 36.4±3.5. The proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells in PSCs supernatant group were significantly higher than those in the control group(allP<0.01). The proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells in PSCs supernatant+anti-HGF and PSCs supernatant+c-Met inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in PSCs supernatant group(P<0.01), but there was no difference between the PSCs supernatant+anti-HGF group and PSCs supernatant+c-Met inhibitor group(allP>0.05). ConclusionsPSCs can promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells via regulating HGF/c-Met pathway.
Pancreatic neoplasms;Astrocytes;Hepatocyte growth factor;Proto-oncogene proteins c-Met
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2016.04.005
201700上海,复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院消化科
高振军,Email:cui_yin@126.com
2016-01-06)