刊首语

10月31日-11月1日，中国风景园林学会2015年会在北京召开，闭幕式上颁发了学生设计竞赛奖，本期刊登了部分获奖作品。

除了一年一度的中国风景园林学会学生设计竞赛外，风景园林学生还有很多机会参加国内外各种设计竞赛，如果每项竞赛都做，估计学生会从年初忙到年末。除了风景园林学会学生竞赛外，最受中国学生关注的是国际风景园林师联合会（IFLA）组织的学生设计竞赛，今年6月，中国学生获得了IFLA学生设计竞赛的第二名和第三名，9月又获得了国际风景园林师联合会亚太区（IFLA-APR）学生设计竞赛的前三名和大部分入围奖。自从这两项竞赛设立以来，中国大陆学生都取得了垄断性的好成绩，几乎每一届竞赛都囊括半数以上奖项，获得第一名也是司空见惯。由于历年来中国大陆学生在这两项竞赛中获奖太多，已严重影响到获奖面的广泛性，所以其他国家和地区学生的参赛作品往往会引起评委们更多的兴趣和关注。为了取得好成绩，近几年不少中国大陆学生的设计都选择境外或国外的某个地块，希望让评委们以为这是来自其他国家和地区的学生的参赛作品。

中国大陆学生最早获得风景园林学生竞赛奖是1988年，当年刘晓明和翟俊获得了IFLA学生设计竞赛优胜奖，1990年刘晓明又获得了第一名，随后，周曦、林鹰、邬峻、朱育帆、林箐等又接连获奖。当时要完成一项设计竞赛实属不易，由于资料极其匮乏，所以选址非常困难，而且大多是一人独立参赛，工作都必须独自完成，也没有电脑，两张A0图纸全凭手工完成，一旦出错就可能全部返工重来，所以一项设计从开始构思到最终提交往往需要一两个月时间，当年的获奖者们一定不会忘记那艰难的设计过程，也一定从参加竞赛中获益良多，他们今天大多已成为非常出色的教师和设计师了。

2000年以后，获IFLA学生设计竞赛奖的中国学生越来越多了。学生们都是以团队的方式参赛，每一个获奖作品的背后都有4-5位获奖者。与早期参赛学生的设计方式不同，电脑和互联网的出现大大节省了查阅资料和制图的时间，组队参赛也减少了每个人的工作强度，成员们可各自分工，发挥特长，集团队的力量完成设计。所以现在的参赛者一定不会像他们的前辈一样，在参加竞赛中有那么多的磨砺。

优秀的风景园林院系中的学生都会受到较为综合的设计训练，但是学校的设计教学往往有严格的进度要求和一些特定的规则和限制，教师的主导性很强，学生按老师的要求与指导做设计，发挥与尝试的空间受到很多限制，而参加竞赛使得学生有机会摆脱教学的约束，再加上竞赛经常是一个大主题下的虚拟题目，从选址到概念再到设计进程直至最后成图，整个过程非常开放，有无尽的可能，所以很多学生对参加设计竞赛都有浓厚的兴趣。不少学校也积极鼓励学生、特别是研究生有选择地参加一些竞赛，因为这在一定程度上可以弥补教学的不足，对培养学生的综合能力有很多益处。首先，由于竞赛的主题往往都具有综合性、敏感性和前沿性的特点，涉及的内容也会部分超出学校教学的范围，要完成好设计，学生必需进行一定的理论研究和思考，这会拓展学生的视野，激励学生的创作欲望和设计个性，培养综合解决复杂问题的能力。其次，平时教学中的各种作业往往是独立完成，而设计竞赛为学生提供了合作的机会，参加竞赛也会培养学生的团队精神。另外，由于卓越的图纸表达是竞赛获奖的必备条件，所以在竞赛中学生们都会尝试一些新颖的图纸表达方式。通过完成一个设计竞赛，学生的图纸表现能力会有很大提高。当然，获奖会极大地激发学生的设计兴趣，获奖也能成为他们学生时代的重要履历。

我每年都会指导学生参加一些设计竞赛，也经常作为评委，评判一些设计竞赛，从中我也会深深地感受到竞赛的局限和不利的因素。其中最大的问题是，学生竞赛往往首先考虑如何吸引评委的关注，于是地块都会选择具有较高关注度和非常敏感的地区，甚至是国外的地块，设计者不太可能去看现场，但为了获得更好的设计条件，或是能更有效地体现自己的设计思想，设计者往往会对现场按自己的要求进行任意改编，还有就是在竞赛中盲目追求时髦的概念和炫酷的图纸表达。我担心这些会让学生养成一些很不好的设计习惯，以为这就是正确的工作方式，从而影响他们未来的职业生涯，尤其影响他们对现场的理解和对设计的判断。

与其他国家的风景园林学生相比，中国学生获得了更多的IFLA学生竞赛奖，这反映出中国风景园林教育具有很高的水准，学生具有优秀的能力。不过这也并不能得出中国学生强于国外学生的结论，因为欧美国家很少有学生参加IFLA学生竞赛，他们更认同本国的学生奖，如美国学生关注的是ASLA学生奖，德国学生更关心BDLA学生奖。无论我们的教师还是学生，对参加设计竞赛应该具有平和的心态，少一些功利心，多一些对自我提升的期望。每次竞赛都会有几百件参赛作品，而评奖时间有限，获奖有时也具有一定的机会性，获奖方案并不一定明显优于未获奖方案，获奖的学生在未来也并不一定就能够成为优秀的风景园林师。

PREFACE

The Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture holds the 2015 annual conference from 31stOctober to 1stNovember in Beijing and presents the prizes for the university design competition at the closing ceremony. In this issue, we publish part of the winning works from this university competition.

In China, except for the Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture University Design Competition, landscape architecture students have lots of opportunities to participate in various design competition at home and abroad.The most popular one is the International Student Design Competition of IFLA Word Congress. In June of this year, Chinese students won the Second and Third Prize in the IFLA Student Design Competition. September again,Chinese students included the top three at the International Federation of Landscape Architect in Asia Pacific (IFLA APR) Student Design Competition.Chinese participants always get the satisfied result since the two competitions were established. That is, almost every session of competition, winning the first prize is commonplace for Chinese students. Recent years, it seems the design proposals from other countries or regions student entries would cause the judges more interest and attentions than Chinese. Thus, Chinese will sometimes move to overseas or choose a foreign site for design, hope to make the judges thought that the team is from other country or regions to submit design proposal.

In 1988, Chinese landscape architecture student first won the Honorable Mention in IFLA Design Competition. They are LIU Xiao-ming and QU Jun.Gradually, more and more Chinese designers won award in authentic design competition such as ZHOU Xi, LIN Ying, WU Jun, ZHU Yu-fan and LIN Qing. At that time, it is very hard to finish a design proposal for competition.The information and materials are extremely limited, and then bring big trouble choosing the site location. Furthermore, attending competition is mostly one independent work. Participant must do the design alone without computer. Complete two A0-sized drawings all by hands. Normally, it takes at least one whole month to prepare for. In a tough time for joining the competition, the winner designers would gain a lot and they mostly have become the outstanding designers or excellent teachers.

Since the year of 2000, increasing Chinese students attended and won the prize in IFLA Design Competition. Currently, the participants are always the group work, 4-5 team members together. Besides, they could utilize computer and surf the Internet to save time and raise efficiency. Team competition also help to reduce working strength, members would fulfill their advantages and special skill. So now, the participants will not endure as much pressures and pain as their predecessors have for the competition.

Chinese landscape architecture student will have the comprehensive design training in the college. However, the school work always has a strict schedule and specific restrictions. Students have to follow the lecturer's guidance to do design. There is not enough space for them to have a try and develop. Joining the design competition brings them an uncommon opportunity to develop their design proposal all by themselves and open for them to explore, which draw wide attention and strong interest within undergraduates. Many schools actively encourage students, especially the graduates to selectively participate in design competitions, which would gain a lot of benefits to cultivate the students' comprehensive abilities. The first, the theme for a competition would be comprehensive, sensitivity and foresight, beyond the scope of school teaching. To complete such a good design, students require to do great many researches and reliability consideration, which could inspire students' creative thinking and the ability to solve complex problems. The second, design competition provides students with opportunities to do team work and also cultivate the students' team spirit. The third, due to the excellent drawing expression is essential for winning prize, the participants must improve their ability of drawing performance. The last, of course, the prize would greatly stimulate students' interest in designing. The award-winning also bring them more honor and obtain exposure in their resumes.

Every year, I would guide students to participate in various design competitions. Also, join to evaluate design works for competition as a judge,from which I realize the limitations to a competition and its adverse factors.The biggest problem is that students love to consider how to attract attention of judges. And then, they choose the foreign site or very sensitive areas where the designers are unable to visit and inspect the site personally. In order to get a better result, or more effectively reflect their inspirations, the designers tend to make free adaptations according to their requirements. Besides, they seek for very advanced concept and use fashionable expressions or drawings for competition. I indeed fear such the behavior will cultivate emerging designers the bad habits and gradually misunderstand the correct way of working which would finally affect their future career, especially influence their understanding towards the site and judgment to the design planning.

Compared with other country's landscape architecture students, Chinese have got many IFLA prizes in competition, which proves China gains advanced educational abilities in the landscape architecture domain and students have top design capability. But we still cannot say Chinese must be stronger than foreign students. In fact, only a few students from Europe and America to participate in IFLA competition, they prefer to attend their domestic design competition, such as the American focus on the ASLA award and the German choose BDLA student award. Teachers or students to take part in the design competition have to hold right attitude towards the result,less aggressive, more expectations on self-improvement. The competition often could receive several hundreds submissions, but award evaluation time is limited. The award-winning sometimes has certain opportunities. Thus, the first place is not always the best design beyond all. It is difficult to confirm the winner student would become an excellent landscape architect in the future.