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CA724、CA242及AFP在肝癌TACE治疗前后的表达变化及临床意义

2015-11-24梁育飞石亮孙宁宁李春英

天津医药 2015年10期
关键词:标志物原发性肝癌

梁育飞,石亮,孙宁宁,李春英

CA724、CA242及AFP在肝癌TACE治疗前后的表达变化及临床意义

梁育飞1,石亮2,孙宁宁1,李春英1

目的观察血清CA724、CA242及甲胎蛋白(AFP)在原发性肝癌患者肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗前后的变化及临床意义。方法选取原发性肝癌患者(原发性肝癌组)45例及健康对照者(健康对照组)40例,应用电化学发光免疫分析法检测健康对照组及肝癌患者在TACE术前2 d、术后1周和1个月时血清CA724、CA242及AFP,分析3个指标的相关性及与临床资料间的关系,观察肝癌患者AFP<400 μg/L与AFP≥400 μg/L组中血清CA724、CA242在手术前后的变化。结果原发性肝癌组术前血清CA724、CA242及AFP含量均高于健康对照组(P<0.05),血清CA724、AFP阳性率高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。原发性肝癌组AFP在TACE治疗后1周及1个月均较治疗前2 d降低(P<0.01),CA724在治疗后1个月低于治疗前(P<0.05),而CA242差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。原发性肝癌患者血清CA724及AFP的表达与肿瘤大小有关(P<0.05)。术后1个月,AFP<400 μg/L与AFP≥400 μg/L组CA724均较术前下降(P<0.05)。CA724与AFP的表达呈正相关(r=0.754,P<0.05)。结论血清CA724可作为协助评价肝癌TACE术后疗效的肿瘤标志物之一。

肝肿瘤;肿瘤,多原发性;甲胎蛋白类;CA724;CA242;肝动脉化疗栓塞术

原发性肝癌是常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤,发现时患者多已处于中晚期。经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)具有靶向性好、创伤小、可重复、易接受等优点,已成为非手术治疗的首选方式[1]。CA724是近年来筛查恶性肿瘤的一种新的非特异性肿瘤标志物。CA242是一种黏蛋白类癌胚抗原性质的肿瘤标

志物,临床上常用于消化道恶性肿瘤的研究。有关TACE治疗肝癌后肿瘤标志物的变化报道较少见。本研究旨在通过检测肝癌患者TACE手术前后血清CA724、CA242及甲胎蛋白(AFP)含量的变化,探讨其对TACE治疗、疗效判断的指导意义。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象选取2013年6月—2014年6月于本院确诊的原发性肝癌患者(原发性肝癌组)45例,男29例,女16例,年龄23~75岁,平均年龄(44.2±8.5)岁,均符合2011年《原发性肝癌诊疗规范》[2],均否认心脏病史,且入院前未接受过任何治疗。另选择来我院健康体检并且各项指标均正常者(健康对照组)40例,男26例,女14例,年龄18~71岁,平均年龄(41.9±9.2)岁。2组年龄(t=1.710)、性别(χ2=0.001)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法原发性肝癌组参照文献[3]方法,进行TACE术。根据肝功能情况、肿瘤大小、肿瘤血供及患者情况选择用药剂量。化疗方案:5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)750~1 000 mg、丝裂霉素(MMC)6~12 mg、吡柔比星40~60 mg,栓塞剂为超液化碘化油10~30 mL。4周重复1次,术后护肝、护胃及对症支持治疗[4]。原发性肝癌组患者分别于TACE术前2 d、术后1周、术后1个月空腹抽取肘正中静脉血4 mL;健康对照组于肝癌TACE术前2 d空腹抽取静脉血4 mL,2组标本均以3 000 r/min离心5 min,分离血清备检。

1.3 观察指标采用德国罗氏公司E170电化学发光分析仪检测2组血清CA724、CA242和AFP,试剂均为罗氏公司的标准试剂盒。阈值:CA724>6.9 U/mL为阳性,CA242>20 U/mL为阳性,AFP>13.6 μg/L为阳性[5-6]。观察2组术前2 d血清CA724、CA242及AFP水平,原发性肝癌组治疗前后血清CA724、CA242及AFP水平的动态变化,分析3个指标与临床一般资料间的关系。参照文献[7]以400 μg/L作为划分标准,观察AFP<400 μg/L与AFP≥400 μg/L组中血清CA724、CA242在TACE手术前后的变化,了解不同水平AFP与血清CA724、CA242的关系;并对血清AFP水平与CA724和CA242进行相关性分析。

1.4 统计学方法采用SPSS 13.0统计软件处理数据。符合正态分布的计量资料采用表示,2组间均数比较采用独立样本t检验,不同时点均数比较采用单因素方差分析,各时点间多重比较采用SNK-q检验;计数资料采用χ2检验,相关性分析应用Pearson相关分析法。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.12 组术前2 d血清CA724、CA242及AFP水平比较原发性肝癌组CA724、CA242及AFP均高于健康对照组(P<0.01),见表1。原发性肝癌组术前血清CA724(29/45 vs 0/40)、AFP(35/45 vs 0/40)阳性率均高于健康对照组(χ2分别为39.127和52.889,均P<0.01)。血清CA242阳性率差异无统计学意义(4/45 vs 0/40,χ2=2.012,P>0.05)。

Tab.1The serum levels of CA724,CA242 and AFP in two groups表1 2组术前2 d血清CA724、CA242及AFP水平比较

Tab.1The serum levels of CA724,CA242 and AFP in two groups表1 2组术前2 d血清CA724、CA242及AFP水平比较

**P<0.01

组别原发性肝癌组健康对照组t n 45 40 CA724(U/mL)23.39±13.53 2.58±0.43 9.718**CA242(U/mL)11.29±3.18 2.35±0.26 17.706**AFP(μg/L)793.15±100.74 3.41±0.70 49.547**

2.2 原发性肝癌组治疗前后血清CA724、CA242及AFP水平的动态变化血清CA724和AFP含量均呈降低的变化趋势(P<0.05),其中CA724治疗后1个月与术前2 d比较,AFP在治疗后1周及1个月较治疗前均降低(P<0.05)。血清CA242水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。

Tab.2Changes of serum levels of CA724,CA724 and AFP before and after TACE treatment in primary hepatic carcinoma group表2 原发性肝癌组TACE治疗前后血清CA724、CA724及AFP水平变化

Tab.2Changes of serum levels of CA724,CA724 and AFP before and after TACE treatment in primary hepatic carcinoma group表2 原发性肝癌组TACE治疗前后血清CA724、CA724及AFP水平变化

*P<0.05,**P<0.01;a与(I)组比较,b与(II)组比较,均P<0.05

时间术前2 d(Ⅰ)术后1周(Ⅱ)术后1个月(Ⅲ)F CA724(U/mL)23.39±13.53 19.45±11.35 15.98±9.68a4.578*CA242(U/mL)11.29±3.18 12.34±3.17 10.78±2.95 2.943 AFP(μg/L)793.15±100.74 641.90±99.73a546.68±85.96ab75.878**

2.3 血清CA724、CA242及AFP的表达与肝癌临床资料之间的关系CA724及AFP的表达与肿瘤直径有关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄及乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)无关(P>0.05),CA242与性别、年龄、肿瘤直径及HbsAg均无关(P>0.05),见表3。

2.4 血清AFP与CA724、CA242的关系AFP<400 μg/L与AFP≥400 μg/L组血清CA724在术后1个月均较术前下降(P<0.05),但CA242各时点间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表4。

2.5 原发性肝癌组血清AFP与CA724、CA242的相关性分析原发性肝癌患者血清AFP与CA724呈正相关(r=0.754,P<0.05),与CA242无相关性(r= 0.111,P>0.05)。

3 讨论

肿瘤标志物是包括基因异常表达产物在内的反映肿瘤存在的一些生物活性物质,检测血清中肿瘤标志物对于肿瘤的诊断、判断分期及预后起重要作

用。已经证实,血清CA724、CA242、AFP等肿瘤标志物在胃癌[8]、肝癌[9]等多种肿瘤中会出现不同程度的升高,而肝癌TACE干预势必对这些肿瘤标志物产生一定影响。

CA724是由cc49和B72.3两株单抗识别的一种黏蛋白样高分子量糖蛋白,在正常人和良性患者血清中含量很低,是一个非特异性肿瘤标志物,其异常升高可对肿瘤的组织发生、细胞分化、细胞功能的诊断提供科学依据。赵惠柳等[10]研究认为,原发性肝癌患者CA724的含量高于正常组,且阳性率为35.4%。本研究结果显示,原发性肝癌组血清CA724含量在TACE术前较对照组升高,阳性率为64.44%;在TACE治疗后,CA724含量呈逐渐降低趋势,术后1个月低于术前2 d,考虑原因可能为化疗栓塞引起肿瘤缺血缺氧所致。Marrelli等[11]发现血清CA724的含量与肿瘤的大小有关,经手术等治疗后其含量可以下降。本研究结果显示,血清CA724水平在肿瘤直径≥5 cm组高于<5 cm组,与文献报道相一致。另外,AFP<400 μg/L与AFP≥400 μg/L组中血清CA724在术后1个月较术前2 d均下降,相关性分析显示血清AFP与CA724呈正相关,提示AFP水平变化与CA724水平具有关联性。

Tab.3Comparison of expressions of serum CA724,CA242 and AFP with different clinical characteristics in primary hepatic carcinoma group表3 血清CA724、CA242及AFP的表达与肝癌临床资料之间的关系

Tab.3Comparison of expressions of serum CA724,CA242 and AFP with different clinical characteristics in primary hepatic carcinoma group表3 血清CA724、CA242及AFP的表达与肝癌临床资料之间的关系

*P<0.05,**P<0.01

AFP(μg/L)n CA724(U/mL)CA242(U/mL)临床资料性别男女t年龄29 16 24.57±13.46 21.73±11.81 0.840 11.52±3.43 11.24±2.98 0.319 802.37±106.92 791.16±98.45 0.417 798.46±102.58 787.84±95.33 0.271<50岁≥50岁t肿瘤直径≥5 cm<5 cm t HBsAg阳性阴性t 18 27 22.58±10.31 25.82±12.44 1.643 11.15±2.13 11.61±3.56 1.054 804.72±103.37 792.52±97.42 0.615 34 11 31.47±15.16 19.35±9.33 2.631*11.16±2.17 11.78±3.68 0.921 935.47±126.59 567.26±89.23 9.563**38 7 25.23±12.16 20.52±10.37 1.015 11.49±2.47 10.83±2.34 0.692

Tab.4Changes of serum CA724 and CA242 levels in two AFP level groups表4 不同AFP水平组中血清CA724、CA242的变化

Tab.4Changes of serum CA724 and CA242 levels in two AFP level groups表4 不同AFP水平组中血清CA724、CA242的变化

*P<0.05;a与(I)组比较,P<0.05;AFP<400 μg/L组6例,AFP≥400 μg/L组39例

组别术后1周(Ⅱ)CA724术前2 d(Ⅰ)AFP<400 μg/L AFP≥400 μg/L组别AFP<400 μg/L AFP≥400 μg/L F 17.58±9.45 21.24±10.57 20.46±10.68 25.74±12.50 CA242术前2 d(Ⅰ)11.30±3.19 11.27±3.26术后1个月(Ⅲ)13.76±7.53a16.89±9.11a术后1周(Ⅱ)12.37±3.20 12.31±3.22术后1个月(Ⅲ)10.86±2.96 10.69±2.99 3.255*3.350*F 1.539 1.343

AFP是目前诊断原发性肝癌最常用的肿瘤标志物,在评估疗效等方面具有较高的实用价值[12]。有研究认为及时检测患者体内AFP水平可以准确掌握患者肝脏的病情变化[13]。贾户亮等[14]发现原发性肝癌直径≥5 cm患者的AFP水平是直径<5 cm患者的6倍以上。本研究结果显示,血清AFP水平在肿瘤直径≥5 cm组高于<5 cm组,与文献一致,提示AFP水平与肿瘤大小有一定相关性。原发性肝癌组血清AFP在TACE术后1周和1个月时均低于TACE术前2 d,考虑原因可能是肝癌TACE后持续释放药物,使得肿瘤缺血坏死,阻挡新增生的肝细胞合成释放AFP,使得进入血液循环的AFP含量逐渐降低。

CA242是一种与肿瘤相关的唾液酸化的糖蛋白抗原决定簇,对消化道肿瘤(如肝癌、胰腺癌)有一定诊断灵敏性和特异性[15]。本研究结果显示,血清CA242在肝癌中阳性率仅8.89%(4/45),在TACE治疗前后,其浓度差异无统计学意义,提示TACE治疗可能对于肿瘤产生CA242影响不大。从CA242变化趋势看,术后1个月较术前2 d和术后1周仍在逐渐降低,需增加样本进一步长期监测,具体机制需进一步研究。

综上所述,肝癌的TACE干预治疗对肿瘤的生物学特性产生影响,进而导致血清肿瘤标志物水平的变化,联合选择多个有临床价值的肿瘤标志物对监测消化道肿瘤的疗效具有重要临床意义。

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(2014-12-01收稿 2015-04-01修回)

(本文编辑 陆荣展)

Analysis of the dynamic changes and clinic significance of serum CA724,CA242 and AFP levels before and after TACE treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma

LIANG Yufei1,SHI Liang2,SUN Ningning1,LI Chunying1
1 Department of Gastroenterology,Cangzhou Central Hospital,Cangzhou 061001,China;2 Department of General Surgery,Cangzhou Central Hospital

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of serum CA724,CA242 and AFP levels before and after transcatheter artery chemoembolization(TACE)treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)patients as well as its clinic significance. MethodsPatients of PHC(n=45)and healthy adults(n=40)were enrolled.Serum samples were collected from each healthy people and PHC patients 2 days before TACE,l week and 1 month after TACE.Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay(ECLI)was used to determine serum CA724,CA242 and AFP levels,and correlations among three indexes as well as their relationships with clinical data were also analysed.,Change of serum CA724 and CA242 levels before and after TACE were compared in AFP<400 μg/L group and AFP≥400 μg/L group.ResultsSerum levels of CA724,CA242 and AFP in PHC group were significantly higher than that in healthy control groups before TACE therapy(P<0.05).Positive rates of serum CA724 and AFP were higher in PHC group(P<0.01)than that in healthy control group.AFP decreased significantly at both 1 week and 1 month upon TACE treatment compared with that at before teratment(P<0.01).CA724 was significantly lower at one month after treatment than that at before treatment(P<0.05).But there was no significant difference in CA242 before and after treatment(P>0.05).CA724 and AFP expressions are associated with tumor size(P<0.05).After one month of therapy,serum CA724 level was obviously decreased in both AFP<400 μg/L and AFP≥400 μg/L groups.Before and after TACE therapy,there was a positive correlation between the expression of AFP and CA724(r=0.754,P<0.05).ConclusionSerum CA724 can be used as one of the tumor markers to assist the evaluation of curative effect of TACE on PHC.

liver neoplasms;neoplasms,multiple primary;alpha-fetoproteins;CA724;CA242;TACE

R735.7

A

10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.10.026

1河北省沧州市中心医院消化内科(邮编061001),2普外科

梁育飞(1980),男,主治医师,硕士,主要从事消化系统疾病研究

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