8小时经济圈不断被铁路战略刷新重庆正成为欧亚大陆桥最重要的“中国枢纽”

□ 文/本刊记者 曾睿

8小时经济圈不断被铁路战略刷新重庆正成为欧亚大陆桥最重要的“中国枢纽”

□ 文/本刊记者 曾睿

以重庆为起点，在陆地上8小时的高速移动能把我们带到什么地方？——这是一个令重庆人非常熟悉的问题，直辖以来重庆交通的大发展大改善，使得以重庆为起点的小时经济圈范围不断扩大，善于捕捉变化的媒体自然也不时地抛出这样的话题，引起人们对重庆不断扩大的开放程度的理解。但是，本文想告诉大家的是，这个问题的答案过去可能是成都、贵阳、黔江、万州、开县，今天的答案或许是武汉、西安、昆明、南宁、北海，到了2020年前后，这个问题的答案就将是北京、天津、泰国曼谷，甚至位于马六甲海峡的新加坡或者太平洋地区。

2020　的重庆8　小时经济圈——“重庆—太平洋”

日前，一条由重庆市发改委发布的消息经过媒体的传播，引起重庆社会各界的广泛关注。该消息称：重庆市发改委发布消息，渝昆高铁项目将力争2016年内动工，2020年建成通车之后，坐高铁从重庆去昆明耗时缩短至两小时左右。而目前，重庆到昆明的火车最快也需要18个小时。

就在不久前，郑渝高铁（郑州到重庆客运专线）获得国家批准将于2019建成的消息，刚在重庆引发对重庆高铁交通大发展的广泛热议。据媒体报道，郑渝铁路，又名郑渝高铁，是中国铁路网中长期规划的重要客运专线，也是北京至昆明客运专线的重要组成部分，设计时速350Km/h，是联系郑州等中原地区和重庆等西南地区的主要客运快速通道，也是北京打造8小时交通圈的基础，对促进郑州、重庆两地及沿线地区社会经济方面都有重要的意义：全长1028公里的郑渝高铁建成后，按照350公里/小时的设计时速，4个小时就可实现从重庆到郑州，如果在郑州再通过多条已经建成的进京高铁线路。

理论上，6个半小时就可以完成重庆到首都北京的高铁之旅。有商务人士开玩笑说，如果只考虑到机场的交通时间，还不考虑航班延误、晚点等因素，这个时间已经基本和从重庆乘飞机去北京的时间相当了。更为重要的是，郑渝高铁开通后，从长江黄金水道在三峡库区最大的港口万州港所在地重庆万州到重庆只需要两个小时，而从重庆万州到郑州、北京所需时间分别缩短为两个半小时和4个半小时，在长江中上游的长江经济带地区，有了直接连通华北、京津冀乃至环渤海出海口的陆上快速通道。

来自铁路的好消息还没有结束：9月30日，中国和老挝相关部门共同对外宣布：由中国云南省省会昆明经老挝著名旅游胜地琅勃拉邦至老挝首都万象，全程长417公里的中老铁路，将于今年11月开工建设；10月下旬，已进行多轮谈判的中泰铁路合作项目传出新消息：10月28日至29日，双方将在中泰铁路合作联合委员会第八次会议上签署两国政府间铁路合作框架协议。按中国驻泰大使宁赋魁的说法，协议签署后，双方将抓紧实现年内开工建设的目标。中铁建东南亚公司总经理朱锡均对外透露：中泰铁路合作将给泰国经济社会发展带来实惠。中泰铁路建成运营之后，从昆明到曼谷的往返铁路票价约每人3600泰铢（约合700元人民币），相当于飞机票价的一半或1/3，货运费用相当于航空费用的1/9。每年或将为泰国增加200万中国游客，为泰国农产品出口进一步提供便利，使泰国成为东盟的交通枢纽。

按照此前多次公开报道透露出的信息，未来乘火车从昆明到曼谷最快将需要5小时24分钟，如果以此计算，重庆直接开通到曼谷的国际客货班列应该在8个小时左右就可以从中国腹地长江之滨的山城重庆到达太平洋沿岸的泰国曼谷。

记者观察发现，无论是郑渝高铁、渝昆高铁、中老铁路还是中泰铁路，无论是已开工的还是即将开工的，按照目前公开的施工进度介绍，最终的完工开通时间都在2020年前后。也就是说，在2020年前后，从重庆出发的火车旅行，无论是人员还是货物运输，重庆陆上交通的8小时经济圈，最远将能够达到渤海之滨或属于太平洋出海口的泰国曼谷。

“一江两翼三洋” 陆上大通道雏形初显

所谓的“一江两翼三洋”国际大通道即是：通过长江连接太平洋；沿渝兰铁路，由新疆阿拉山口出境、经哈萨克斯坦——俄罗斯——白俄罗斯——波兰——德国——鹿特丹港连接大西洋；沿渝黔铁路，由贵阳——昆明——大理——瑞丽出境，经缅甸中部城市曼德勒——实兑港连接印度洋。在一系列的国内高铁项目和国际铁路建设合作项目落实启动以后，凭借着已经拥有的“渝新欧”中欧铁路大通道和长江黄金水道，重庆“一江两翼三洋”陆上大通道雏形初显。

据了解，重庆到昆明的铁路，属于国家“一带一路”规划（《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》）的一部分。上述愿景指出，下一步要发挥云南区位优势，推进与周边国家的国际运输通道建设，打造大湄公河次区域经济合作新高地，建设成为面向南亚、东南亚的辐射中心。云南省社科院区域经济研究所副所长穆文春在接受媒体采访时指出，如果重庆到昆明，以及西宁到成都的铁路建成后，丝绸之路经济带与长江经济带之间将有通道，以后从中国北部、东部、西部等地，都可以到达云南，再往南到印度洋。而重庆到昆明，成都到西宁铁路建成后，有望成为国家“一带一路”新通道的一部分。

作为西部惟一的直辖市，成为内陆开放高地一直是重庆的梦想。《实施意见》提出，重庆打造国际物流大通道战略，重点是通过“一江、两翼”达到“三洋”：“一江”即通过长江通达太平洋；“西北翼”即通过渝兰铁路、由新疆阿拉山口出境、经哈萨克斯坦——俄罗斯——白俄罗斯——波兰——德国——鹿特丹港通达大西洋；“西南翼”通过渝黔铁路、由贵阳——昆明——大理——瑞丽出境、经缅甸中部城市曼德烈——石兑港通达印度洋和中东地区。按照目前的实际进展，虽然通过缅甸进入印度洋的中缅铁路尚未听说有重大消息发布，但其余方向都发展顺利，已开通运行多年的渝新欧更是目前运营状况最好的一条中欧陆上大通道，重庆“一江两翼三洋”陆上对外大通道已雏形初显。

有专家甚至指出，铁路战略使重庆正在成为欧亚大陆桥最重要的“中国枢纽”。

Starting from Chongqing， how far can we get within 8 hours of high-speed traveling on land？ —This is not a question strange to many Chongqing people. The great changes and development in Chongqing's transportation system have witnessed the expansion of its economic circle since it became a municipality directly under the Central Government. Naturally， such topics are touted from time to time by the media sensitive to changes， making the increasingly open pattern understandable for people in Chongqing. But， what this report tries to share with you is that yesterday the answer was Chengdu， Guiyang， Qianjiang， Wanzhou， Kaixian， today it may be Wuhan， Xi'an， Kunming， Nanning， Beihai while in the future around 2020 it will be Beijing， Tianjin， Bangkok even Singapore，Malacca and the Pacifi c.

The 8 hours economic circle in 2020——“ Chongqing to the Pacifi c”

Recently， a piece of news from the Chongqing Development and Reform Commission （CDRC） amplified by the media has aroused wide concern from all walks of the community. It was said that the CDRC announced that the Chongqing-Kunming high-speed rail project， with all efforts，would be started in 2016. And it will be open for traffic if completed in 2020. By then the hours spent on the trip from Chongqing to Kunming will be shortened from 18——if one takes the fastest train——to just about 2.

More recently， the news that the Zhengzhou-Chongqing High-speed Railway （a passenger-dedicated railway line）approved by the state will be completed in 2019 has aroused a heated discussion on the large-scale development of Chongqing high-speed rail. According to the news report，Zhengzhou-Chongqing railway （Zhengzhou- Chongqing passenger-dedicated railway line）， also known as Zhengzhou-Chongqing High-speed Railway （ZCHR）， with a designed speed of 350Km/h， is a crucial passenger dedicated railway line in the long-term for China's railway network development， a vital section of Beijing-Kunming railway， a main rapid passenger transport channel that connect regions in central China and southwest China as well as a foundation for Beijing's 8 hours circle of transportation. ZCHR is of great signifi cance to promote economic development of Zhengzhou，Chongqing and other cities along the railroad： once completed，the 1028-kilometer ZCHR will make it possible for people in Chongqing to arrive in Zhengzhou within 4 hours at a designed speed of 350 kilometers per hour.

Theoretically， it will only take 6.5 hours from Chongqing to Beijing if one transits at Zhengzhou through various highspeed railway lines to Beijing. Some businessmen joked that regardless of flight delays and other factors， 6.5 hours is probably the time spent on a flight to Beijing with the land traffi c period to the airport included. More importantly， when it opens for traffi c， it will only take 2 hours from Wanzhou port，the biggest port in Three Gorges on the Yangtze River golden waterway， to the downtown area of Chongqing. By then the time spent on the way from Wanzhou to Zhengzhou and Beijing will be cut down to 2.5 hours and 4.5 hours respectively and there will emerge on the Yangtze River Economic Belt of middle and upper Yangtze River an express channel that connects North China， Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and even ports on the Bohai Bay.

The good news about China's railway development is not over yet. On Sep. 30th， the related departments in both China and Laos made a joint announcement that the China-Laos railway will soon be constructed in November this year. With a total length of 417likomenters， the railway starts from Kunming， the capital of Yunnan Province， via the famous tourist resort Luang Prabang to the capital of Laos—Vientiane. In late October， the latest news about the China-Thailand railway project fi nally came out. After many rounds of negotiation， both parties will sign “The China-Thailand Railway Cooperation Frame Agreement” on the 8th session of China-Thailand Joint Cooperative Committee from October 28th to 29th.According to Ning Fukui， Chinese ambassador to Thailand，both sides will strive to start the construction within this year. Zhu Xijun， general manager of the China Railway Construction Corporation in Southeast Asia， said that the cooperation between two countries will bring about more benefits for Thai economic and social development. By the time when he railway is operation， the round-trip fee from Kunming to Bangkok will be about 3600 Thai Baht（ approximately ￥700 ），only 1/2 or 1/3 of that of the air ticket， and the rail freight charge will be only 1/9 of that of the air freight. Each year， it will transfer an increased number of about 2 million Chinese tourists to Thailand and provide further convenience for the export of Thai agricultural products， making Thailand a transportation hub in ASEAN.

According to the message disclosed before， the shortest ime from Kunming to Bangkok in the future will be only 5 hours and 24 minutes. And by analogy， it will take about just 8 hours rom Chongqing， a China's inland city located on the bank of he Yangtze River， to the coastal city Bangkok.

The reporter found that whether under construction or not， Zhengzhou-Chongqing high-speed railway， Chongqing-Kunming high-speed railway， China-Laos railroad and China-Thailand railroad will be completed around 2020 according to he published construction schedule. That is to say， around the year of 2020， the trains running from Chongqing for freight or passenger transportation can reach as far as the Bohai Sea coast or Bangkok， a port of the Pacifi c within 8 hours.

“One River， two wings and three oceans” pattern——a great channel on land begins to take its shape

The so-called “one River， two wings and three oceans”pattern refers to international transport routes that link China with the Pacifi c via the Yangtze River， with the Atlantic via the Alashankou port in Xinjiang， Kazakhstan， Russia， Belarus， Poland， Germany， and the Port of Rotterdam， and with the Indian Ocean via Chongqing-Guizhou Railway， Guiyang，Kunming， Dali， Ruili and Mandalay， a city in central Burma. After the implementation of a series of projects on international railway cooperative construction and domestic railway construction， the transport routes have taken its primary shape based on the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway， and the Yangtze River Waterway in Chongqing.

Reportedly， the Chongqing-Kunming Railway line is part of the “Belt and Road” Initiative （Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road）. According to the vision， we should make good use of the geographic advantage of Yunnan Province， advance the construction of an international transport corridor connecting China with neighboring countries， develop a new highlight of economic cooperation in the Greater Mekong Sub-region， and make the region a pivot of China's opening-up to South and Southeast Asia. Mu Wenchun， deputy director of the Regional Economic Research Institute， Yunan Academy of Social Science， said in an interview that after the completion of the railway running from Chongqing to Kunming as well as that from Xining to Chengdu， there will emerge a channel linking the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. By then， all the regions in the north， south and east part of China will have their connection with Yunan Province， and further south with the Indian Ocean. And the two lines will hopefully be parts of the new national channel of the “Belt and Road”.

As the only municipality under the central government，Chongqing has always been pursuing the dream of becoming an open highland in China's inland. According to the “Suggestions on Implementation”， Chongqing will focus on its international logistics channel strategy， reaching the“three oceans” through “one river and two wings”. “One river”means to reach the Pacific via the Yangtze River. And the“northeast wing” indicates that Chongqing will link the Pacifi c via Chongqing-Lanzhou Raiway， the Alashankou port in Xinjiang， Kazakhstan， Russia， Belarus， Poland， Germany， and the Port of Rotterdam. The “southwest wing” means Chongqing will connect with the Indian Ocean via Chongqing-Guizhou Railway， Guiyang， Kunming， Dali， Ruili and Mandalay， a city in central Burma and Sittwe Port to the Middle East. In fact，although there is no latest big news about the construction of Yunnan-Burma Railway， many projects are being well carried out. The already opened Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway is now one of the well-operated China-Europe land channels and “One River， two wings and three oceans” transport routes pattern has already taken primary shape.

Some experts even pointed out that Chongqing is on the rise to become the most important “Chinese hub” on the Eurasian Continental Bridge.

The 8-hour economic circle been constantly refreshed in the strategy of railway development Is Chongqing on the Rise to be the Most Important “Chinese Hub” on the Eurasian Continental Bridge

□ Written by Zeng Rui