ON THE GENEALOGY OF THE BAIDAR FAMILY IN

Akasaka Tsuneaki

ON THE GENEALOGY OF THE BAIDAR FAMILY IN

Akasaka Tsuneaki

There are some Persian and chagatay-Turkic historical materials in which comPrehensive Činggizid genealogical information is contained:

1. Rašīd al-Dīn, Jāmi‘ al-tawārīx.

2. Šи‘ab-i Panjgāna.

6. Abū al-Гāzī Bahādur xān, Šajara-'i Tиrk. etc.

On Jočid genealogical information, I had already investigated and Published the results of my research (Akasaka 2005). Here I will examine the genealogy of the Baidar family.

Baidar was Čaγatai’s sixth son. As is commonly known, Baidar was a famous imPerial Prince who joined the EuroPean ExPedition led by Batu. Baidar’s son Alγu mounted the throne of Čaγatai Ulus. Alγu had three sons: Qaban, Čübei and Toq-temür. They came under the Yuan Dynasty. Čübei became the head of the Baidar family. As Professor Sugiyama Masa’aki of Kyoto University has made clear, their family engaged in Political and cultural activities in Gansu and Hami (Qomul) (Sugiyama 1982; Sugiyama 1983).

In the Qaraqota documents, we can find some Princes’ names. According to genealogical information in the Paris manuscriPt of Mи‘izz al-'ansāb [MA/P], Prof. Sugiyama attested that some of them were members of the Čübei family, but not a few Princes’ Pedigrees remain unknown.

On the Baidar family, there are two chaPters “šu‘ba-’i Bāydār walad-i Jaγatāy xān (The branch of Baidar, son of Čaγatai qan)” and “šu‘ba-’i Tūq-timūr ibn-i Nālīγū[2]walad-i Bāydār (The branch of Toq-temür, son of Alγu, son of Baidar)”.

Tūq-timūr or Toq-temür was Čübei’s younger brother. Individual chaPters on his elder brothers Qaban and Čübei are not established. Genealogical information of the descendants of Qaban and Čübei is contained in the chaPter “šu‘ba-'i Bāydār”.

The text and translation of the descriPtion of the Baidar family in TGNN are as follows:

The branch of Bāydār, son of Jaγatāy xān

He had two sons and one daughter.

The sons’ names are:

Nālīγū (Alγu)

Ūtjī

The name of the daughter is:

Yūrūqān qulī

This Nālīγū (Alγu) had three sons [and]

one daughter.

The sons’ names are:

Qabān

Jūbay

Tūq-timūr

The daughter’s name is:

Irīnjān

Qabān had three sons. Their names are:

Īsan būqā

Kūnjāk

Būdūqjī

Īsan būqā had three sons. Their names

are:

Kudāškab

Kubak

Sart-bāy

And Jūbay had sixteen sons. Their names

are:

KWqJY dūrjī

Mīnk-tāš（MBNKTAS）

Jirγadāy

Jikīn timūr

Kambū dūrjī

Dāūd

Qūtātmīš

SAQY

Aq-būqā

Dūkūlās

Yīliqjī

Īljī būqā

Buyān tāš

Nūm qulī（TWM QLY）

Basār

Tūqtā

Dāūd had three sons. Their names are:

Qibjāqtāy

Nanka

Iskandar

Qūtātmīš had six sons.

Their names are following:

Qūbīlāy

Bandāškab

Īlqūdūr

TГRQBL

STBRWQ

Tūγān

Yīl qujī’s son [is]:

Buyān qulī

He had three sons.

// TGNN/A：84b; TGNN/Akramov：194,

Ris.190 //

Their names are:

Īnka-timūr

Tūyīn qulī

Kūnāšīrī

Buyān-tāš.

His son [is]:

Sulaymān

Yaγān-šāh

Astāy

Darmabālī

Ajdāy

Alūka šīrī

And Astāy's son is: SMDA

Nūm qulī had two sons. Their names are:

Nūm tāš

Buyān timūr

This Nūm tāš had two sons. Their names [are]:

Bīlkā timūr

Pūlād timūr

Pūlād timūr’ son [is]:

Ajāšīrī

He had three sons. Their names are:

Āq birdī

BRZJMHYR

Xudāy birdī

Tūqtā’ had two sons. Their names

[are]:

Tūqajī

Iskandar

Tūqajī’s son [is]:

Īrīnj iškab

His son is:

Qarā kūjūk

Iskandar’s son [is]:

Bāy kildī

His son is:

Qūšay

The branch of Tūq-timūr, son of Nālīγū (Alγu), son of Bāydār

He had two sons. Their names [are]:

Īrīnjiqbal

SNWQBL

The son of Īrīnjiqbal [is]:

Kurba

His son is:

Kubakjī

The son of SNWQBL [is]:

Ūdbalāšīrī

His son is:

Tūγān-timūr

These were the descendants of Jaγatāy xān.

The genealogical tree of the Baidar Family according to the abovementioned descriPtion of TGNN is Presented in Table 1 (P.256).

Some names of the abovementioned Čaγataid Princes are seen in the Qaraqota documents of Saint Petersburg, TК204 (Ecang Heishиicheng wenxian. Hanwen bиfen 4, P.208; ibid.6, xиlи PP.25-26; Menshikov 1984, No.330) and TК248 (Ecang Heishиicheng wenxian. Hanwen bиfen 4, PP.313-314; ibid.6, xиlи P.30; Menshikov 1984, No.331)[3](Table 2).

Table 1Genealogy of The Baidar Family based on Tawārīx-i

Table 1Genealogy of The Baidar Family based on Tawārīx-i

?

Table 2

Among them, three underlined Princes’ Pedigrees can be confirmed from genealogical information of the Baidar family in TGNN for the first time:

1. 亦令只失加大王 I-ling-chih-shih-chia tai-wang (SPb, TК204), 亦令只失加普寧肅王 I-ling-chih-shih-chia-P‘u Ning-su-wang (SPb,TК248).

He was Īrīnj iškab (Irinčiškab＜Rin chen skyabs[5]), a grandson of Tūqtā (Toqto’a), Čübei's son[6].

From here, it is ascertained that the Pedigree of Ning-su-wan (寧肅王) is Čübeis[7].

2. 亦令只巴柳城王 I-ling-chih-Pa Liu-ch‘eng-wang (TК204), 令只巴柳城王 Lingchih-Pa Liu-ch‘eng-wang (TК248).

According to TGNN, he was Īrīnjiqbal (Irinčinbal＜Rin chen dPal ), a son of Toq-temür, Čübei’s younger brother[8].

3. 怯癿肅王 ch‘ieh-Pai Su-wang (TК204, TК248).

He was regarded as Kubak (KöPek / Kebek), a grandson of Qaban, Čübei's elder brother[9].

In fact, these Princes’ names are also found in Mи‘izz al-'ansāb (Table 3).

However, in manuscriPts of Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, the names of Irinčiškab and Irinčinbal had been written by mistake, and so we could not identify the error names with Irinčiškab and Irinčinbal.

Moreover, in Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, KöPek (Kebek) is found as grandson of Qutatmïš who was Čübei’s son.

On the latter, Professor Sugiyama commented that when Qaban’s line had became extinct, the title of Su-wang moved to Qutatmïš’s line. But according to TGNN, KöPek was a grandson of Qaban, not of Qutatmïš. So I Presume the Pedigree of KöPek in Mи‘izz al-'ansāb to be incorrect. I suPPose that the line of genealogy had been drawn by mistake in manuscriPts of Mи‘izz al-'ansāb. On all manuscriPts of Mи‘izz al-'ansāb which are existing, KöPek and his two brothers are situated on the right-side of the leaf (MA/P, f.38a; MA/L, f.39a; MA/A1, f.41a; MA/A2, f.187a; MA/L14306, f.33a), and Qaban and his three sons are situated on the right-side too (MA/P, f.37a; MA/L, f.38a; MA/A1, f.40a; MA/A2, f.186a; MA/L14306, f.32a). I suPPose that in the original text or an original genealogical source of this material, KöPek’s father-line would be drawn from Qaban’s son Īsan būqā (Esen-buqa). As far as we observe the form of genealogical tree of manuscriPts, this suPPosition is not imProbable. In any case, descriPtions of KöPek in TGNN are reasonable in view of the title“Su-wang”, because Qaban and his son kūnjāk or Gönčeg had just this title.

Additionally, Alūka šīrī who was a grandson of Sulaymān (Čübei’s grandson) is given as Ūka šīrīn (Ögäširi) in Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, but his name is Alūka šīrī (Āloka śri) in TGNN. His name agrees with “ Mêng-ku wang-tzŭ A-lu-kê-shih-li (Menggu wangzi Alugeshili)”(蒙古王子阿魯哥失里) in the “ Sha-chou-wei-chuan (Shazhou-wei zhuan)” of Ming-shih (Mingshi) (《明史》卷三百三十《沙州衞傳》).

We can consequently aPPreciate that the Baidar family’s genealogical information in TGNN is obviously imPortant and useful. Yet there are further differences between TGNN

and Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, and in some of these differences, TGNN is seen to be mistaken. For examPle, according to TGNN, Irinčinbal is Toq-temür’s son, but according to Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, he is Toq-temür’s grandson.[11]From a generational PersPective, the latter seems more reasonable. Therefore we have to make a comParative investigation of TGNN and Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, and decide uPon the accurate genealogy.

In conclusion, according to TGNN and the study by Prof. Sugiyama, it is confirmed that the Baidar family’s titles given by the Yuan Dynasty were as in Table 4:

■ Čübei himself, his son Nom-quli and his descendants held the title Pin-wang. They were the head of the Baidar family and the other Čaγatai families under the Yuan Dynasty.

■ Čübei's elder brother Qaban's descendants held the title Su-wang.

■ Čübei's son Buyan-daš, his younger brother Qutatmïš, Buyan-daš's son Sulaymān and his descendants held the title Hsi-ning-wang (Si-ning ong).

■ Čübei's son Yiliqči and his descendant held the title Wei-wu-hsi-ning-wang (Üi-uu Sining ong). Later this family held the additional title Su-wang.

■ Čübei's son Toqto'a's descendant held the title Ning-su-wang.

■ Čübei's younger brother Toq-temür's descendant held the title Liu-ch‘êng-wang.

From the genealogical information in TGNN, the Pedigree of some unidentified Princes who aPPear in the Qaraqota documents have became distinct.

We have to take more notice of descriPtions in Persian and chagatay-Turkic materials on the Mongol Period and the Post-Mongol Period.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

■ MS., London, British Library, Or.3222.［TGNN/A］

■ Pyк., caнкт-ПeтePбyPгcкий филиaл Инcтитyтa вocтoкoвeдeния PAH, No.B-745.［TGNN/B］

■ TaвaPиx-и гyзидa－HycPam-нaмe. A.M.AкPaмoв(cocт.). Taшкeнт, 1967.［TGNN/Akramov］

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■ MS., London, British Library, Or.467.［MA/L］

■ MS., Aligarh, Aligarh Muslim University, Maulana Azad Library, No.41.［MA/A1］

■ MS., Aligarh, Aligarh Muslim University, Maulana Azad Library, No.42.［MA/A2］

■ MS., London, British Library, Or.14306.［MA/L14306］

■ ИcmoPия Кaзaxcmaнa в nePcидcкиx иcmoчникax. III тoм. My‘изз aл-aнcaб. (ПPocлaвляющee гeнeaлoгии). Bвeдeниe, пePeвoд c пePcидcкoгo языкa, пPимeчaния, пoдгoтoвкa, фaкcимилe к издaнию Ш.X.Boxидoвa. Aлмaты, Издaтeльcтвo“Дaйк-ПPecc”, 2006. [MA/Vokhidov]

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Notes

* This article is founded on an unpublished (as far as I know）reading-paper read at the 9th International congress of Mongolists MOIS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on 10 August 2006. To date, I have published two articles (Akasaka 2007 and Akasaka 2009) on the related subjects in Japanese. On the occasion of this publication, I reduced my revisions to a minimum, but have added new notes based on my recent studies.

[1] See A. Akhmedov 1985, PP.12-15; Akasaka 2005, PP.50-61, 98-104.

[2] In TGNN, the name Alγu is mistaken for Nālīγū. In Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, the same mistake occurs.

[3] On these documents, see chen Gaohua 2002.

[4] On this T’ang-wu-tai ta-wang (唐兀歹大王), I have PrePared another article. I Presume that he was a descendant of AjiYi who was a great-grandson of aYatai.

[5] In this article, I was enlightened about the Sanskrit by Prof. Ishihama Yumiko of Waseda University.

[6] On the information of Irinčiškab in TGNN, I was enlightened initially by Prof. Matsui Dai of Hirosaki University.

[7] According to “Tsung-shih shih-hsi-Piao” (Zongshi shixibiao) of Yüanshih(Yиan-shi) (『元史』卷一百七「宗室世系表」), Ning-su-wang T‘o-t‘o (寧肅王脫脫) was a son of chu-ch‘ih (朮赤) or Joči, Činggis qan’s first son. This is incorrect. Ning-su-wang T‘o-t‘o is regarded as Čübei’s son Tūqtā whose grandson was Irinčiškab. In the Qaraqota Documents F26:W101 zheng(正), F51:W3a, F116:W574 and F249:W23 (Li Yiyou 1991, PP.118,126,127; Zhonggиo cang Heishиicheng Hanwen wenxian 2, PP.316-319; Ibid.3, PP.523,525,537), A-hei-Pu-hua Ning-su-wang (阿黑不花寧肅王) aPPears. He was also Čübei's son. On Ning-su-wang, see Akasaka 2007 and Akasaka 2009.

[8] I Presume that Liu-ch‘eng-wang Irinčinbal was one of the PrinciPal suPPorters of chou-wang (周王) Qosila, who fled westward, reaching the Altai Mountains and settling in the territory of the chagatay Khanate, and I suPPose that Irinčinbal’s grandfather (according to Mи‘izz al-'ansāb) Toq-temür inherited the grazing lands in the south-western Altai Mountains region which had first been awarded to Čaγatai by Činggis qan, as theresult of his right of inheritance as the youngest son, because he was the youngest son of Alγu, only son of Baidar, the youngest son of Čaγatai (according to Šи‘ab-i Panjgāna, etc.). See Akasaka 2007 and Akasaka 2009.

[9] KöPek’s grandfather Qaban and KöPek’s uncle Gönčeg also had the title Su-wang (肅王) . See below. According to Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, KöPek had a son named Budā-malik (Buda-mälik). Pu-ta-ming-li Su-wang (不荅明力肅王) which is aPPeared in the Qaraqota Documents No519.-KK.I.0232 (t) of the British Museum (MasPero 1953, P.211) is regarded as this Budā-malik. See Akasaka 2007.

[10] There are some differences between the genealogical information in MA/P and that in other manuscriPts of Mи‘izz al-'ansāb. See Akasaka 2005 and Akasaka 2007.

[11] The name of Irinčinbal’s father is Īsan buqā (Esen-buqa) in Mи‘izz al-'ansāb, but according to Jāmi‘ altawārīx and Šи‘ab-i Panjgāna, his name is Īsan būkā (Esen-böge). The latter is correct. See Akasaka 2007.