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草酸艾司西酞普兰辅助心理干预对冠心病并发抑郁症的疗效分析

2015-08-24李艳鑫王宪沛李文曹虹陈鲁玉

天津医药 2015年6期
关键词:艾司西普兰草酸

李艳鑫,王宪沛,2△,李文,曹虹,陈鲁玉

草酸艾司西酞普兰辅助心理干预对冠心病并发抑郁症的疗效分析

李艳鑫1,王宪沛1,2△,李文1,曹虹1,陈鲁玉1

目的 探析草酸艾司西酞普兰辅助心理疗法治疗冠心病并发抑郁症的疗效及预后。方法 将136例冠心病合并抑郁症患者随机均分为对照组和研究组。对照组给予常规药物治疗,研究组在此基础上加用草酸艾司西酞普兰并辅以心理疗法,疗程6个月。治疗前、治疗1周、1个月、3个月、6个月时采用HAMD量表测定HAMD评分。治疗前和治疗6个月后,采用循环酶法检测同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平;采用世界卫生组织生活质量评定量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估患者生存质量。治疗6个月后,评估患者心绞痛和抑郁症状改善情况。并随访患者心血管事件发生情况。结果 2组HAMD评分在治疗后均呈下降趋势,其中研究组治疗后各时点HAMD评分均低于治疗前;对照组除治疗后1周与治疗前差异无统计学意义外,其余时点均低于治疗前;治疗后各时点研究组均低于对照组。2组治疗后Hcy、hs-CRP水平较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组。2组治疗后WHOQOL-BREF量表生理健康、心理状态、社会关系、周围环境的评分均高于治疗前,研究组均高于对照组。研究组心绞痛、抑郁症状改善情况均优于对照组,心绞痛、心肌梗死、心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性猝死等心血管事件发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=9.396,P<0.05)。结论 草酸艾司西酞普兰联合心理疗法治疗冠心病合并抑郁症疗效显著,预后较好。

冠心病;抑郁症;心理疗法;治疗结果;预后;草酸艾司西酞普兰

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)多伴发抑郁,严重影响患者的机体功能和生活质量,抑郁可导致患者发生心源性猝死的概率增加,也是患者再发生心血管事件及影响其预后的独立危险因素之一[1]。冠心病并发抑郁症在发病过程中既有生物因素也有心理社会因素的作用,临床研究证实,单纯药物、单纯心理疗法治疗冠心病并发抑郁症的疗效均不佳,患者生活质量无明显改善[2]。目前针对药物辅助心理干预治疗冠心病并发抑郁症疗效的相关报道尚不多见。本研究采用草酸艾司西酞普兰联合心理干预治疗冠心病合并抑郁症,取得显著疗效,现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2012年3月—2014年3月期间河南省人民医院心内科收治的冠心病并发抑郁症患者136例,其中男74例,女62例,年龄58~70岁,平均(67.32±4.24)岁。采用抽签法将其随机分为对照组和研究组,各68例。2组基线资料差异无统计学意义,见表1。入选标准:(1)经心电图、动态心电图、心肌酶学检查并参照WHO/国际心脏病学会制定的冠心病诊断标准确诊,同时符合《中国精神障碍分类和诊断标准(CCMD-3)》中抑郁症诊断标准[3]。(2)神志清楚,能配合检查。(3)既往无精神障碍或抑郁症等精神神经病史。(4)既往无颅内病变史。(5)对草酸艾司西酞普兰无过敏反应者。(6)汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)总分≥18分。排除标准:(1)合并严重心、脑、肝、肾功能障碍及乙醇中毒。(2)严重脑器质性疾病。(3)合并严重感染性疾病。(4)妊娠及哺乳期妇女。(5)合并血液、免疫、呼吸系统疾病以及恶性肿瘤。(6)既往有药物滥用史。(7)同时或者筛选前1个月内参与其他临床药物试验者。(8)仍在服用抗抑郁药者。本研究经河南省人民医院医学伦理委员会批准,患者均签署知情同意书。

1.2 治疗方法 对照组给予常规药物治疗;研究组在对照组基础上加用草酸艾司西酞普兰(四川科伦药业有限公司,国药准字:H20080788),首次剂量为5 mg/d,早饭后口服,如疗效不佳,治疗2或3周后适当增加日剂量,最高日剂量为20 mg,总疗程为6个月。同时由沟通能力较强,护师以上职称,且具备国家心理咨询师资质的护士给予患者个体化心理疗法,如认知行为疗法、阳性强化法、音乐疗法、放松疗法等单独或者综合运用,住院期间每天1次,出院后每周1次,每次不少于30 min。

1.3 同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平检测 于治疗前和治疗6个月后检测患者Hcy、hs-CRP水平。早晨8:00空腹采集肘正中静脉血3 mL,注入EDTA抗凝血管,混匀后静置30 min,3 000 r/min离心分离血清和血浆于EP管,使用美国贝克曼库尔特AU5800全自动生化分析仪和德赛诊断系统有限公司生产试剂盒,采用循环酶法检测Hcy、hs-CRP水平,检测严格遵循说明书操作。同时动态监测患者尿常规、肝肾功能、血脂、血糖以及12导联心电图,观察评估病情发展情况。

1.4 疗效评价标准 治疗前、治疗1周、1月、3个月、6个月时采用HAMD量表测定HAMD评分。疗程结束(治疗6个月)后,根据HAMD评分评估患者抑郁症状改善情况,减分率=(治疗前总分-治疗后总分)/治疗前总分,将疗效分为痊愈(减分率≥75%)、显效(50%≤减分率<75%)、有效(25%≤减分率<50%)、无效(减分率<25%)[4];评估心绞痛改善情况:心绞痛消失或者发作频数减少超过80%为显效;心绞痛发作次数减少50%~80%为有效;未达到上述有效标准或者病情恶化者为无效[5];同时采用不良反应量表(TESS)评价药物不良反应[5]。另外,治疗前和治疗6个月后采用世界卫生组织生活质量评定量表简表(WHO Qualiy of Life Brief Scale,WHOQOL-BREF)从生理健康、心理状态、社会关系、周围环境4个方面评估患者的生存质量[6]。

1.5 随访 疗程结束后采用电话随访或者定期门诊复查,观察患者心绞痛、心肌梗死、心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性猝死等心血管事件发生情况,随访截止日期为2014年8月31日。

1.6 统计学方法 采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析,计量资料采用(±s)表示,多组间比较行重复测量设计的方差分析,组间多重比较行LSD-t检验;2组间比较行t检验,治疗前后比较行配对t检验;计数资料采用例(%)表示,组间比较行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 2组治疗前、后Hcy、hs-CRP水平比较 2组治疗后Hcy、hs-CRP水平较治疗前均明显下降(均P<0.05);治疗前2组Hcy、hs-CRP水平差异均无统计学意义,治疗后研究组均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),见表2。

Tab.1 Comparison of clinical data between two groups of patients表1 2组患者一般临床资料比较 (n=68)

2.2 治疗前、后各时点HAMD评分比较 (1)组内比较:2组HAMD评分在治疗后均呈下降趋势。其中研究组治疗后各时点HAMD评分均低于治疗前(均P<0.05);对照组除治疗后1周与治疗前差异无统计学意义外,其余时点均低于治疗前(均P<0.05)。(2)组间比较:除治疗前2组HAMD评分差异无统计学意义外,治疗后各时点研究组均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。见表3。

Tab.2 Comparison of Hcy and hs-CRP levels before and after treatment between two groups表2 2组患者治疗前、后Hcy、hs-CRP水平的比较(n=68,±s)

Tab.2 Comparison of Hcy and hs-CRP levels before and after treatment between two groups表2 2组患者治疗前、后Hcy、hs-CRP水平的比较(n=68,±s)

t1为组内比较,t2为组间比较;*P<0.05

组别对照组研究组t1治疗后9.86±3.28 6.26±2.25 7.464*5.880*10.416*t1 2.936*8.842*t2 Hcy(μmol/L)治疗前14.95±6.34 15.02±6.56 0.063 hs-CRP(mg/L)治疗前10.18±5.24 10.20±4.86 0.023治疗后7.96±3.38 4.32±2.54 7.099*

Tab.3 Comparison of HAMD scores at different time points before and after treatment between two groups表3 2组患者治疗前、后各时点HAMD评分的比较 (n=68,分,±s)

Tab.3 Comparison of HAMD scores at different time points before and after treatment between two groups表3 2组患者治疗前、后各时点HAMD评分的比较 (n=68,分,±s)

*P<0.05;a与治疗前比较,P<0.05

组别对照组研究组t治疗前21.28±9.15 20.75±7.98 0.360治疗后1周20.85±9.08 17.45±6.52a2.508*治疗1个月16.28±5.26a13.58±4.56a3.198*治疗3个月12.58±5.26a9.27±3.58a4.290*治疗6个月9.78±5.16a7.05±3.86a3.494*F 50.651*64.600*

Tab.4 Comparative analysis of the efficacy in two groups表4 2组患者疗效的比较 (n=68)

2.3 临床疗效分析 研究组心绞痛和抑郁症状改善情况均明显优于对照组(均P<0.05),见表4。2组患者治疗期间血尿常规、大便常规、肝肾功能均未见异常,研究组中仅2例患者出现轻微头晕、恶心、腹部不适,经对症治疗后痊愈,不影响治疗。

2.4 2组治疗前、后生存质量情况比较 2组患者治疗后WHOQOL-BREF量表生理健康、心理状态、社会关系、周围环境4个方面的评分均高于治疗前(均P<0.05);治疗前2组生理健康、心理状态、社会关系、周围环境4个方面的评分差异均无统计学意义,治疗后研究组均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05),见表5。

2.5 随访结果 随访3~12个月,平均随访(8.75± 2.38)个月,无失访病例。研究组心绞痛、心肌梗死、心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性猝死等心血管事件发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=9.396,P<0.05),见表6。

Tab.5 Comparison of WHOQOL-BREF score before and after treatment between two groups of patients表5 2组患者治疗前后WHOQOL-BREF各方面评分的比较 (n=68,分,±s)

Tab.5 Comparison of WHOQOL-BREF score before and after treatment between two groups of patients表5 2组患者治疗前后WHOQOL-BREF各方面评分的比较 (n=68,分,±s)

t1为组内比较,t2为组间比较;*P<0.05

t1组别对照组研究组8.852*14.738*治疗后14.35±3.08 17.14±2.16 6.116*生理健康治疗前9.52±3.28 9.85±3.46 0.571 t1 9.643*13.886*t2心理状态治疗前11.85±1.68 12.24±1.63 1.374治疗后15.05±2.16 15.73±1.28 2.233*组别对照组研究组治疗后15.02±1.67 16.52±2.19 4.491*社会关系治疗前13.05±2.46 13.35±2.43 0.715 t1 t1 5.464*7.991*10.230*17.919*t2周围环境治疗前12.16±1.58 12.14±1.52 0.075治疗后15.48±2.16 16.75±1.48 4.000*

Tab.6 Comparison of incidence of cardiovascular events during the follow-up period between two groups表6 2组患者随访期间心血管事件发生情况的比较[n=68,例(%)]

3 讨论

抑郁症作为冠心病发病的独立危险因素及冠心病死亡的独立预测因子,其发生可能与脑5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平降低、去甲肾上腺素能系统功能降低、5-HT的神经信号传导功能障碍相关[7]。草酸艾司西酞普兰是西酞普兰的S-异构体代谢产物,是西酞普兰发挥药理活性的主要成分,可选择性、高效、剂量依赖性抑制5-HT转运体,其作用约为西酞普兰右旋对映体作用的100倍,进而抑制中枢神经系统神经末梢突触前5-HT再摄取,进而发挥较强的抗抑郁作用[8]。同时其对5-HT1A、5-HT2、多巴胺D1、多巴胺D2、肾上腺素能受体、组胺H1以及胆碱能受体具有极低或者无亲和力,患者耐受性高,对心血管系统无明显反应,具有较强的抗抑郁作用,适用于躯体疾病伴抑郁且需多种药物合用者。同时,草酸艾司西酞普兰还具有抗血小板聚集、保护内皮功能、减轻炎症反应,进而防治动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展,稳定斑块;另外,其还能有效稳定心肌耗氧量,进而改善冠脉供血,减轻冠脉症状。近年来研究证实,草酸艾西酞普兰能明显促进海马细胞的生长,进而增强抗抑郁效果[9]。本次研究结果显示,研究组心绞痛和抑郁症状改善情况均明显优于对照组,与吕雄胜[10]报道结果一致。有研究表明抑郁症患者体内Hcy、hs-CRP等炎性因子水平明显高于正常组,且其与抑郁程度呈正相关,导致炎性反应和免疫活性改变,进而影响冠心病的发生和发展[11]。本研究结果显示,2组治疗后Hcy、hs-CRP水平较治疗前均明显下降;治疗前2组Hcy、hs-CRP水平差异均无统计学意义,但治疗后研究组均明显低于对照组,提示有效的抗抑郁治疗能显著降低血浆Hcy、hs-CRP水平,减轻机体炎性反应,提高免疫活性。本研究中仅研究组有2例出现轻微头晕、恶心、腹部不适等不良反应,无肝肾功能损害,可能与用药期间注重加强肝肾功能监测,必要时给予保肝药物治疗有关[12]。另外,随访期间研究组心血管事件发生率明显低于对照组,与赵清珍等[13]研究结果一致。在药物治疗基础上辅以心理疗法,经过专业的心理疏导能显著改善患者的不良情绪,提高患者对疾病的认知度,增强战胜疾病的信心,可有效缓解患者抑郁症状。本研究中2组HAMD评分在治疗后均呈下降趋势,其中研究组治疗后各时点HAMD评分均低于治疗前,对照组除治疗后1周与治疗前差异无统计学意义外,其余时点均低于治疗前;与董雅娟等[14]报道结果基本一致。本研究结果显示,2组患者治疗6个月后在WHOQOL-BREF量表生理健康、心理状态、社会关系、周围环境4个方面的评分均明显高于治疗前,且研究组明显高于对照组,提示草酸艾司西酞普兰辅以心理疗法能显著改善患者抑郁情绪,提高患者认知社交能力,缓解躯体和精神痛苦,进而改善其生存质量,与董艳丰等[15]研究结果一致。

综上所述,草酸艾司西酞普兰辅以心理疗法治疗冠心病合并抑郁症,可显著改善患者的临床症状及抑郁状态,降低机体炎症反应的严重程度、不良反应和心血管事件的发生率,提高患者的生存质量。

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(2014-12-09收稿 2015-01-14修回)

(本文编辑 陈丽洁)

Analysis of auxiliary effect of oxalic acid Ai Sciplan auxiliary effect assisted with psychological intervention on coronary heart disease complicated with depression

LI Yanxin1,WANG Xianpei1,2△,LI Wen1,CAO Hong1,CHEN Luyu1
1 Henan Provincial Chest Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,China;2 Henan Province People’s Hospital
△Corresponding Author E-mail:xianpeiwang@163.com

Objective To investigate the curative effects of oxalic acid Ai Sciplan in assisting psychological therapy for coronary heart disease accompanied with depression.Methods A total of 136 patients of coronary heart disease with depression were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The routine drug treatment was given to control group.Treatment group was given oxalic acid Ai Sciplan which is assisted by the psychological therapy based on the routine drug treatment schedule for six months.HAMD score before treatment,one-week,one-month,3-month and 6-month after treatment were compared between two groups.Homocysteine(Hcy)and high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels were detected by circulating enzymatic method before treatment and 6-month after treatment.The WHO quality of life scale(WHOQOL-BREF)was used to assess the quality of life in two groups of patients.The improvements of angina and depressive symptoms were evaluated after 6-month treatment.The cardiovascular events were followed up in two groups.Results HAMD scores significantly decreased after treatment in both groups(P<0.05).HAMD scores at all different time points were significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment in treatment group.In control group,HAMD scores at different time points were also significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment,except time point of one week after treatment.The levels of Hcy and hs-CRP were decreased after treatment in two groups,and the levels were lower in treatment group than those of control group.Values of WHOQOL-BREF score,mental status,social relations and the surrounding environment scores were higher after treatment in both groups.Also they are higher in treatment group than that of control group.The angina and depressive symptoms were improved in treatment group.The incidences of angina,myocardial infarction,arrhythmia,heart failure,sudden cardiac death and other cardiovascular events were significantly lower in treatment group than those of control group(χ2=9.396,P<0.05).Conclusion Escitalopram oxalate combined with psychological therapy shows a significant beneficial effect and a better prognosis in the treatment of coronary heart disease and depression.

coronary disease;depressive disorder;psychotherapy;treatment outcome;prognosis;oxalic acid Ai Sciplan

R749.42,R541.4

A DOI:10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.06.025

国家自然科学基金项目(U1204801);河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(142102310427)

1河南省胸科医院心内科(邮编450000);2河南省人民医院心内科

李艳鑫(1975),女,主管护师,国家二级心理咨询师,硕士在读,主要从事心血管疾病治疗与护理方面的研究

△E-mail:xianpeiwang@163.com

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