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话题12 饮食(Food and drink)

2015-05-30黄欣欣

广东教育·高中 2015年12期
关键词:课外作业饮食习惯主食

黄欣欣

一、命题预测

该话题常常涉及到个人日常的饮食习惯,各类型的食物以及各个地区的饮食文化差异和饮食健康等。命题者可能会以提纲的形式列出某国家(或地区)的饮食习俗或文化要求考生与自己家乡的进行对比,进行该话题的写作。此外,随着现代人越来越注重饮食健康,命题者也可以让考生对“健康饮食”这一话题进行思考,自己日常生活中的饮食(健康与不健康的)加以描述,从而发表自己对健康饮食的看法。

二、常用语块

1. staple food主食

2. live on以……为主食

3. energy-giving food能量食品

4. green/ junk food绿色/垃圾食品

5. fast-food restaurant快餐厅

6. balanced diet均衡饮食

7. put on/lose weight增加/减少体重

8. be helpful for digestion有助于消化

9. be rich in nutrition营养丰富

10. be low in fat脂肪含量低

11. be beneficial to有益于

12. provide energy提供能量

13. maintain good health保持健康

14. have...for breakfast吃……作为早餐

15. be harmful to / do harm to对……有害

16. develop a good eating habit养成良好的饮食习惯

三、套用句式

1. In Guangdong, we live on rice. / In Guangdong, our staple food is rice. 在广东,我们的主食是米饭。

2. For convenience, some people choose to have fast food instead of balanced diet. 为了方便,有些人选择吃快餐而不是均衡的饮食。

3. French fries, which are low in nutrition but high in salt, are not good for health. 炸薯条营养少但含盐量高,不利于健康。

4. In order to lose weight, some people skip breakfast. 为了减肥,有些人不吃早餐。

5. Only when we form a good eating habit, can we maintain good health. 只有养成良好的饮食习惯,我们才能有健康的体魄。

四、习作修改 (做改文错误,背经典范文)

Last week we conduct a survey on students breakfast eating habits. Here are the results.

76% students have breakfast in school canteen, think that school canteen provide them with safe and healthy breakfast. 25% students choose to have milk, biscuits, instant noodle for breakfast in their dormitories. They would rather sleep longer than spend the time to having breakfast in the canteen. However, 8% of they dont have breakfast in all. Most of them skip breakfast in order to lose weight. From my point of view, breakfast is first meal of a day, what provides the main source of energy for a days work and study. Therefore, we must attach great important to it.

五、课堂练习

假设你是李华,你在美国的笔友Sam将在下个月以交换生的身份来广州学习,在出发之前他写封邮件向你了解在广州的日常饮食习惯。你现在要给他回信,内容要点:

1. 介绍广州人的日常饮食习惯。

2. 在中国和美国饮食文化的差异。

注意:1. 词数100左右。

2. 信的开头和结尾已写好。

3. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Sam,

Im so glad to hear from you.

Im looking forward to your coming and hope you will enjoy your stay in Guangdong.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

[写作指导]

1. 审题。(1)体裁:邮件;(2)人称:以第一人称为主和第三人称(广州人)为辅;(3)时态:以现在时为主(由于文章中大部分为介绍性信息)和一般将来时。

2. 要点及增加细节。

(1)承接信件所给出的开头,向收信人表明这封信下面的主要内容(你很乐意为他介绍广州的饮食文化与习惯)。

(2)介绍广州人的日常饮食习惯(包括一天吃多少顿正餐,每顿正餐的主食副食通常是什么自己广州人的餐饮特色等)。

(3)介绍在中国和美国的饮食文化差异(如中国人用餐习惯用筷子,而美国人用刀叉等饮等)。

(4)承接上一个要点,对Sam提出希望(希望他来到广州的时候能尽快地适应)。

3. 篇章结构。

由于本文已经给出了信件的开头和结尾,根据要点中的内容可将其安排在开篇句的一段。在写内容要点的时候注意句与句之间的过渡与衔接,可在适当的位置上使用一些表并列、递进或顺承的连接词(如Whats more, Last but not least等),使文章的结构更严谨。

最后,考生可以根据个人的能力在写作中适当地使用一些高级的句式(如倒装句,强调句等),提高作文的档次。

六、课外作业

据世界卫生组织数据显示,现在越来越多的儿童以及青少年的体重超标。假如你是高中生李华,你要给中国日报的“健康专栏”写信,反映现今普遍中小学生的饮食习惯以及他们对饮食的看法,内容要点包括:

1. 现今普遍中小学生的饮食习惯。

2. 不良的饮食习惯对健康造成的影响。

3. 你对健康饮食的看法。

注意:1. 词数100左右

2. 信的开头和结尾已写好。

3. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Editor,

Im writing to express my opinions on the eating habits of nowadays students.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

参考答案与范文

四、习作修改

这是一篇关于学生早餐习惯的调查报告。

1. conduct→conducted 由last week可知,用一般过去时。

2. think→thinking 因本句中已有谓语动词have, 故think应是非谓语动词;又因students与think之间是主动关系,故用thinking。

3. provide→provides 主语是canteen,为单数名词,因此一般现在时中的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

4. noodle→ noodles 面条noodles是可数名词,要用复数。

5. 去掉to 或改to为in,因spend some time(in)doing sth. 为固定搭配。

6. they→them 因most of后面跟的是宾语,故要用人称代词宾格。

7. in→at 因not...at all 为固定搭配。

8. 在first前面加上the 因first 为序数词,其前一般要用定冠词the。

9. what→ which 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,用which不能用that。

10. important→ importance 做宾语要用名词,另外attach great importance to sth.为固定搭配。

五、课堂练习

Dear Sam,

Im so glad to hear from you. I know you will come to China, so Id like to tell you the eating habits of Cantonese. Generally speaking, we have three meals every day, including breakfast, lunch and supper. For breakfast, we usually have energy-giving food, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, for such food can provide us with abundant energy for a days work and study. As for lunch and supper, our staple food is rice, along with vegetables, meat, fish and chicken. After lunch or supper, we have soup, which is traditionally considered to be helpful for digestion. Last but not least, it is important to remind you that we have our meals with chopsticks instead of knife and fork, so youd better get used to it.

Im looking forward to your coming and hope you will enjoy your stay in Guangdong.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

六、课外作业

Dear Editor,

Im writing to express my opinions on the eating habits of nowadays students. Now, as more and more western fast food restaurants are introduced to China, foods like French fries, hamburgers, ice creams and so on have become the favorite of most students. As these foods are high in sugar and fat, it is easy to make students become overweight if they often eat them. Whats worse, eating too much fast food will also lead to lack of nutrition.

In my opinion, it is very necessary for us to have a balanced diet every day. Not only should we have enough energy-building food such as rice and noodles, but we ought to have meat, fish, vegetables and fruits so that we can take in various nutrition. Only in this way, can we grow up healthily.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

(作者单位:广东佛山市南海执信中学)

责任编辑 蒋小青

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