“七选五阅读”题型解读

杨富章

真题点击 （2015年高考新课标Ⅱ卷） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady， gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 ， buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet， so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right， walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always， you should stretch（伸展） at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

During the first week， do not think about distance， but run five minutes longer each day. 38 ， it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week， set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks， start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter， you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day， increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good， you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

阅读理解七选五（也有阅读填空等称呼），即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。

题型特点

1. 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质上是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，“七选五”不但要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构，理解句子和段落之间的联系，对连贯性、一致性等语段特征把握熟练，还要具备用语法知识分析长难句的能力。它的选项一般分为三类：主旨概括句、过渡性句子和注释性句子。

2. 选材特征。文体上以说明文为主，比如新课标Ⅰ卷，2015年讲的是“重建信任”，2014年是“帮助孩子为未来作准备”，2013年是“商业和企业管理”，2012年是“青少年如何缓解压力”……所选文章写作线索清晰明了，逻辑严密。文章的长度通常在180～250词之间。

解题策略

1.根据语境判断

做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，利用线索词等进一步确认答案。如上文中的36、37、39、40题：

36. C。上文提到跑马拉松，下文说要买一双合脚的鞋子。所以这里说的应该是训炼前的准备工作。

37. E。上文提到鞋子到手之后要再次核实是否舒服，下文说的是跑之前要拉伸以防受伤，开始运动只能是在确保鞋子没有问题之后，所以选E。

39. D。前句讲第二周要设定一个目标，本段第一句又说第一周不要考虑距离，所以设空所在的句子自然应该是讨论加长跑步的距离。如何增加？自然是每天比前一天多一点。

40. G。上文说的是两周过去之后，下文说的是可以在比赛开始之前设定一个时间表了，所以两周过去之后，应该设定新的目标了。

2.留意线索词

对线索词的敏感是一种重要的能力。最主要的线索词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时要注意在选项中查找对应的同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语，其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词或是表示地点/名称的专有名词。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。如上文中的第38题：

38. A。考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周应该怎么做，下文说要休息一天，然后提到第二周如何如何，所以这里说的应该是练习六天后要休息一天，刚好是一周。week和a day of是线索词。

3.根据关联词判断

由于英语的句与段之间经常会运用关联词或某些具有关联作用的副词表示衔接和过渡，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如：表示并列或递进关系的词，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；表示转折或让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或是否对立；表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或观点的句子，句中往往会有复述名词出现。

4.根据试题所在的位置来确定

（1）挖空位置在段首

①这种情况下所缺的通常是段落主题句。一般段落的中心都会出现在一段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。

例1 According to some psychologists， if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot，then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children.

A. Parents should also be careful about what they say to young children.

B.The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.

解析 A。阅读空后内容可知“根据一些心理学家的观点，如果父母总是说孩子傻，那么孩子就可能做傻事，因此父母应该多说一些积极的话”。根据“挖空位置在段首，所缺的通常是段落主题句”的原则，可以推断出挖空内容一定与父母对孩子所说的话相关，这样很容易就可以判断A项为本段的主题句。

②要关注与后文的关系。着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，以确定答案。例如：

例2 They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another， Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak！

A. Some people dont like Muzak.

B. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.

解析 A。挖空后的第一句话中出现的相关信息词They与A项中的Some people为指代关系；根据boring可以反推dont like。

（2）挖空位置在段尾

这种情况下所缺的通常是结论或概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关键词。

例3 There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Remember， data have no feeling but we humans have. Data dont mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false. .

A. We should try our best to be wise thinkers

B. Sometimes our hearts and minds are more sensitive than data

解析 A。此题挖空位置在段尾，空格前的论述内容是“虽然数据很重要，但是如果我们没有能力运用所学知识分析数据，没有自信去判断它们正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。这段话得出的结论应该是“我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，因此A项是正确答案。

（3）挖空位置在段中

挖空位置如果在段中，则其所填句子含义应与前句、后句保持一致。因此，同学们在做题时要关注体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。例如：

例4 There are a number of things you can do to beat your fears. One important approach is to become an expert in your problem. There are countless books and websites providing up-to-date theories and explanations about fears. If you become an expert in your fear， you will be able to make good decisions about the best treatment to overcome it.

A. You can also go to lectures and workshops.

B. Making some simple changes to your diet can make you look good.

解析 A。上述例句挖空位于段中，根据“上下求索，瞻前顾后”的原则，答题时要关注体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。阅读空格前句子可知其内容为克服恐惧的方法；阅读选项后可以锁定含有递进含义also的A项，其内容也是进一步提供克服恐惧的方法。

例5 Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat， which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They didnt have milk or any other dairy products， and they made very little use of grains. ， We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less Vitamin C.

A. Stone Age people lived a simple life.

B. But today，we enjoy eating a lot of these.

C. In that case，they would live much healthier.

解析 B。以上例句挖空位于段中，阅读空前空后句子，可以发现空前内容是石器时代人们的饮食习惯；空后所描述的是现代人的饮食习惯。因此空前内容与挖空内容为转折关系，可锁定含有关联词but的B项。

下面就让我们来应用一下上文提到的方法：

（2015年高考北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

This Way to Dreamland

Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant， especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 ，hey annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions？

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool？

First， understand that some opportunities （机会） for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming， try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple， like taking a shower or walking， or even making meaningless drawings.

Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”， being focused， is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74

Finally， you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75

Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C. Without wandering minds， we wouldnt have relativety， Coke or Post-it notes.

D. At one time， daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E. It involves slow， steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct， quite unlike sleep dreams， which may be hard to understand.

G. Therefore， its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.

答案 BCEAG