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4-(二苯氨基)苯甲醛的合成工艺改进*

2015-04-23蔡志彬

合成化学 2015年3期
关键词:甲酰反应时间收率

孔 成,蔡志彬,金 梵

(浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院,浙江杭州 310014)

三苯胺衍生物具有给电子性强、氧化电位低、玻璃化温度和空穴迁移率高、溶解性、成膜性好的特点[1-3],可以作为有机发光二极管中的空穴传输材料和发光材料,用于制备有机电致发光器件[4-5]、有机太阳能电池[6-7]和有机效应管[8-9]等有机光电器件。

4-(二苯氨基)苯甲醛(3)是重要的有机合成中间体,其合成方法通常是以DMF为溶剂,POCl3为催化剂,通过 Vilsmeier 反应合成[10-14]。但Vilsmeier试剂中的重要原料POCl3具有高度腐蚀性,使用不慎,会引发爆炸等安全问题。

为此,本文对合成3的工艺进行研究,以寻找一种简便的合成方法。以AlCl3为催化剂,苯为溶剂,三苯氨(1)和原甲酸三乙酯(2)为原料,合成了3(Scheme 1),其结构经1H NMR和FT-IR表征。合成3的较佳工艺条件为:1 40 mmol,n(1)∶n(2)∶n(AlCl3)=1 ∶5 ∶8,苯为溶剂,于30 ℃反应 4 h,收率91%。

2作为一种便宜和高效的甲酰化试剂,已被用于温和条件下芳香化合物的甲酰化,但主要集中在酚类化合物[15-18],对其它芳环的甲酰法,文献报道还非常少。

Scheme 1

该方法具有原料易得、反应条件温和,操作简单,收率较高等优点。

1 实验部分

1.1 仪器与试剂

X-4型数字显示显微熔点仪(温度未校正);Bruker AVANCEⅢ500 MHz型核磁共振仪(DMSO-d6为溶剂,TMS为内标);Thermo Nicolet 6700型傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(KBr压片)。

1,工业品;其余所用试剂均为分析纯。

1.2 3 的合成

在配带干燥管的反应瓶中加入1 9.80 g(40 mmol),2 29.64 g(200 mmol)和苯70 mL,冰水浴冷却,搅拌反应30 min。边快速搅拌边缓慢加入无水AlCl348 g(320 mmol),加毕,撤去冰浴,于30℃反应4 h。缓慢倾入Na2S2O4冰水溶液中,用CH2Cl2(3×100 mL)萃取,合并有机层,用水(2×100 mL)洗涤,无水MgSO4干燥,旋蒸脱溶后经硅胶柱层析[洗脱剂:V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=10 ∶1]纯化得淡黄色晶体 3 9.95 g,收率91%,m.p.127 ℃ ~128 ℃(126 ℃ ~126.5 ℃[19]);1H NMR δ:9.77(s,1H,CHO),7.73(d,J=8.85 Hz,2H),7.41 ~ 7.45(m,4H),7.20 ~7.26(m,6H),6.89(d,J=8.75 Hz,2H);FT-IR ν:3 100,1 690,1 600,1 490,1 320,1 300,1 210,1 150,800,750,700 cm-1。

2 结果与讨论

2.1 反应条件优化

(1)溶剂

1 40 mmol,r=n(1):n(2)∶n(AlCl3)=1 ∶5∶8,于30 ℃反应4 h,其余反应条件同 1.2,考察溶剂对3收率的影响,结果见表1。由表1可见,收率随溶剂极性减小而增大;苯类溶剂使收率明显提高,不同取代基的苯类溶剂的收率差别不大。最佳溶剂为苯。

表1 溶剂对3收率的影响*Table 1 Effect of solvent on yield of 3

表2 反应温度对3收率的影响*Table 2 Effect of reaction temperature on yield of 3

表3 反应时间对3收率的影响*Table 3 Effect of reaction time on yield of 3

(2)反应温度

以苯为溶剂,其余反应条件同2.1(1),考察反应温度对3收率的影响,结果见表2。由表2可见,反应温度为10℃时,收率较低;随着温度的升高,收率不断提高;在30℃左右时,收率最高(91%);超过50℃致部分二取代副产物生成,致使收率降低。较佳的反应温度为30℃。

(3)反应时间

以苯为溶剂,于30℃反应,其余反应条件同2.1(1),考察反应时间对3收率的影响,结果见表3。由表3可见,随着反应时间的增加,收率逐渐上升;4 h后收率几乎不再变化。较佳的反应时间为4 h。

(4)r

以苯为溶剂,于30℃反应4 h,其余反应条件同2.1(1),考察r对3收率的影响,结果见表4。由表4可见,r=1∶2∶4时,收率较低;r=1 ∶5∶8时,收率达91%;超过此比例后收率增加不明显。较佳的r=1∶5∶8。由于AlCl3在反应过程中会与羰基和乙氧基络合,2则容易被AlCl3分解。故该反应中2和AlCl3必须大量过量。

综上所述,合成3的较佳工艺条件为:1 40 mmol,n(1)∶n(2)∶n(AlCl3)=1 ∶5 ∶8,苯为溶剂,于30℃反应4 h,收率91%。

表4 r对3收率的影响*Table 4 Effect of r on yield of 3

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