度洛西汀治疗老年广泛性焦虑障碍对照研究
2015-04-15李宝珠周佳男
曹 江 李宝珠 周佳男
度洛西汀治疗老年广泛性焦虑障碍对照研究
曹江李宝珠周佳男
【摘要】目的评价度洛西汀治疗老年广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)的有效性与安全性。方法将100例广泛性焦虑障碍老年患者随机分为51例服用度洛西汀治疗组(研究组)和49例服用坦度螺酮治疗组(对照组),治疗4周。治疗前及治疗后第1、2、3、4周末采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行疗效评估,用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(TESS)评估安全性。结果治疗后第4周末研究组有效率为64.7%,对照组有效率为65.3%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后第1、2、3、4周末HAMA评分与各自治疗前比较均下降(P<0.01)。研究组(17.6%)总不良反应发生率与对照组(20.6%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论度洛西汀治疗老年广泛性焦虑障碍有效且安全。
【关键词】度洛西汀老年广泛性焦虑障碍
广泛性焦虑障碍(Generalized Anxiety Disorder,GAD)是一种慢性的、难以控制的担心与焦虑。是老年人群中最常见的精神障碍之一。常伴有多种躯体不适症状如肌肉紧张、睡眠障碍、乏力,并常合并一些躯体疾病,如关节炎与糖尿病[1,2]。严重影响老年人的生活质量与社会功能。目前,国外有研究显示度洛西汀这种双受体(五羟色胺与去甲肾上腺素)再摄取抑制剂对较为年轻的广泛性焦虑障碍患者有效[3],但是对年龄≥60岁老年患者的疗效研究较少。盐酸坦度螺酮是临床上应用较为广泛、安全、有效的新型抗焦虑药,本文以坦度螺酮为对照,以研究度洛西汀治疗老年广泛性焦虑障的安全性与有效性。
1 对象与方法
1.1对象以2012年10月~2014年10月在天津市安定医院住院的GAD患者为研究对象。入组标准:符合美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition,DSM-Ⅳ) GAD的诊断标准;汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)中的焦虑症状评分≥17分[4];年龄≥60岁,性别不限。排除标准:既往出现过精神病性症状或诊断为双相情感障碍的患者;痴呆患者;严重自杀倾向患者;严重器质性(脑、心、肝、肾)躯体疾病以致不能耐受药物治疗的患者;入组前已经服用抗抑郁或焦虑药物治疗的患者。共入组患者110例,使用EXCEL产生随机数字,按照研究组与对照组1:1进行分组,分为度洛西汀治疗组(研究组)与坦度螺酮治疗组(对照组)。研究组55例,脱落4例,实际完成51例,平均年龄(67.4±5.7)岁,HAMA平均得分(21.76±4.53)分;对照组55例,脱落6例,实际完成49例,平均年龄(68.1±6.2)岁,HAMA平均得分(20.96±3.54)分。两组年龄、性别、HAMA评分方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2方法研究组给予60 mg度洛西汀,根据病情及患者耐受性可在4 d内增加剂量,每日不超过120 mg[5]。对照组给予坦度螺酮,早、中、晚各5 mg,根据病情及患者耐受性可在4 d内增加剂量,每日不超过45 mg。均治疗4周。实验期间如患者出现严重失眠,可小剂量服用短效的催眠药物,不得使用其他精神科药物。
1.3疗效与安全性评估治疗期间每周进行HAMA评分,根据总减分率[(治疗前分数-治疗后分数)/治疗前分数×100%],评定疗效。评定标准:减分率≥75%为痊愈,减分率50%~74%为显著好转,减分率30%~49%为好转,减分率<30%为无效。总有效率=(痊愈例数+显著好转例数+好转例数)/总例数× 100%。采用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale,TESS)评定治疗中出现的不良反应,并在治疗前及治疗后第4周末进行心电图、肝功能检查,以评定药物的安全性。
1.4统计方法采用SPSS17.0软件,对数据进行配对t检验,卡方检验。所有统计检验均采用双侧检验,α=0.05。
2 结果
2.1两组疗效比较在完成4周治疗后,研究组痊愈12例(23.5%),显著好转15例(29.4%),好转6例(11.8%),无效18例(35.3%),总有效率为64.7%。对照组分别为10例(20.4%)、19例(38.8%)、3例(6.1%)、17例(34.7%),总有效率为65.3%。两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.04,P=0.95)。
2.2两组治疗前后HAMA评分比较两组治疗后第1、2、3、4周末HAMA评分与各自治疗前比较均下降(P<0.01) ;组间比较,两组治疗前及治疗后第1、2、3、4周末HAMA评分比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
表1 两组治疗前后HAMA评分比较(±s)
注:与治疗前比较,*P<0.01
时间 研究组(n=51) 对照组(n=49) t值 P值治疗前21.76±4.53 20.96±3.54 0.988 0.325治疗1周末 17.27±4.23* 17.92±4.31*-0.754 0.453治疗2周末 13.78±4.35* 14.22±4.27*-0.510 0.611治疗3周末 10.18±4.97* 11.06±4.41*-0.939 0.350治疗4周末 7.12±4.53* 7.65±4.25*-0.609 0.544
2.3两组安全性比较在为期4周的治疗中,研究组共发生不良反应9例,其中恶心3例,便秘2例,口干2例,头晕1例,嗜睡1例,总不良反应发生率为17.6%;对照组共发生11例,其中嗜睡4例,乏力2例,恶心2例,便秘1例,头晕1例,腹胀1例,总不良反应发生率为20.6%。两组总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.36,P=0.54),两组各项不良反应比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者在入组前后所检查的心电图与肝功能结果均未出现明显异常。
3 讨论
本研究存在明显不足,样本量较小,有待进一步扩大样本量;此外,观察疗程较短,今后应对药物的长期疗效和安全性做更为深入的研究。
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A control study of effect of duloxetine on elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
CAO Jiang,LI Baozhu,ZHOU Jianan.
Anding Hospital of Tianjin,Tianjin 300222,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods 100 elderly patients with GAD aged 60 years and above were randomized into study group (51 cases) treated with duloxetine and control group (49 cases) treated with tandospirone for 4 weeks.All patients were assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) at baseline and at the end of the 1st,2nd,3rd,4th week of the treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety respectively.Results There was no significant difference in response rate at the end of the 4th week between study group and control group (64.7% vs.65.3%,P>0.05).Scores of HAMA in both group decreased significantly at the end of the 1st,2nd,3rd,4th week when compared with the baseline (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in frequency of side effects between study group and control group (17.6% vs.20.6%,P>0.05).There was no significant difference in response rate at the end of the 4th week between study group and control group (64.7% vs.65.3%,.Scores of HAMA in both group decreased significantly at the end of the 1(st),2(nd),3(rd),4(th)week when compared with the baseline (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in frequency of side effects between study group and control group (17.6% vs.20.6%,P>0.05).ConclusionDuloxetine is effective and safe in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in elderly people.
【Key words】Duloxetine Elderly Generalized anxiety disorder
(收稿日期:2015-01-10)
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-9346.2015.03.006
【中图分类号】R749.7+2
【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】2095-9346(2015)-03-0179-03
作者单位:300222,天津市安定医院