东海关税务司总署

文、图/王遥驰

东海关税务司总署

The General Administration of the Tax Department of the East Customs

文、图/王遥驰

东海关关署于1863年成立，俗称“洋关”。The East Customs was founded in 1863 and called“the foreign customs” by people.

1861年8月22日，烟台开埠，同时宣布正式筹建东海关。1862年2月，登莱青道由莱州迁到烟台，道台崇芳兼任东海关监督。至此，东海关正式成立并对外行使权力。

东海关设立后遇到的最大困难就是对外国商船的征税，原因主要是彼此语言不通。东海关不得不聘任外国人来从事税务工作，开始只是雇佣他们充当翻译，后来就让其充任税务官。1863年，作为国家主权之一的东海关大权，落于英国人汉南之手，标志着烟台海关权和港口管理权的旁落。在此后的80余年里，东海关税务司一职长期由外国人把持，直到1945年8月烟台解放，东海关才回到中国人的手中。

1863年汉南上任之后，尚无正式办公署，便租世昌洋行房屋居住，后因租房过少，请示海关总税务司赫德批准，“在烟台山西侧盖洋楼一所”。清同治四年（1865年）开始建造，次年竣工，即东海关税务司总署。东海关税务司总署主体建筑是砖木结构的二层楼房，四面坡屋顶，屋檐下为仿木结构的混凝土构件檐饰，西入口立面带有方形柱饰，室内设计为英式。虽主体建筑为英式风格，但院大门却采用中国传统式的门房形式，这是为迎合本地中国人或外来英国人的心态，是早期中西合璧的建筑。主楼16间，呈东西向，楼下东西两门有门廊，廊上有平台。地下为东海关税务司公署验货、征税处，其东南处一间为北方巡工司办公室。主楼西门南北两侧各有平房4间，北侧平房有木质廊厦，为报关处，南侧平房是员工宿舍。主楼向西30米处有拱形大门，为公署正门，现已拆除。

东海关税务司公署现状。The current situation of the Taxing Department of the East Customs.

On Aug.22, 1861 Yantai opened as a port and the East Customs was declared to be planned for establishment. In February 1862, Denglaiqing Dao moved from Laizhou to Yantai and the Daotai(head of the Dao), Chongfang, also acted as the inspector of the East Customs. From then on, the East Customs was off i cially founded and started to take power.The biggest diff i culty after the establishment of the East Customs was their language barrier. The East Customs had to hire foreigners for the job of taxes. At fi rst they were just employed for translating and interpreting jobs. Later they acted as tax off i cers. In 1863 the power of the East Customs, one of the national sovereignty, was controlled by Hannen, a Briton, which symbolized the fall of the power of Yantai customs and port administration. In the next over 80 years the tax department of the East Customs were controlled by foreigners. It was not returned to the Chinese until Yantai was liberated in August 1945.