峻青的“怀乡病”
2015-12-06孙为刚侯贺良
文/孙为刚 图/侯贺良
峻青的“怀乡病”
Junqing’s Homesickness
文/孙为刚 图/侯贺良
“对于故乡,我有着一种特殊的感情。如果说有一种病叫作‘怀乡病’,那么我是这种‘怀乡病’的严重患者。”这是峻青先生在他的散文《难忘的乡情》中的一段话,也是先生怀乡情结的真实写照。
峻青1948年南下后第一次回故乡,是在1955年冬天。那时,蓝烟铁路刚刚通车,他和妻子于康从海阳境内的徐家店下车后,一路唱着歌,步行数十里山路回到故乡。崎岖的山路上,响着两个年轻人朝气蓬勃的歌声。他们唱得最多的是那个年代颇为流行的“解放区的天是明朗的天”,优美的歌词,欢快的旋律,最能代表他们当时的心情。
从那以后,除了“文革”受迫害失去人身自由的十年,他想回不能回之外,几乎每隔一两年,峻青都要回故乡走一走,看一看。每一次故乡之行,不仅给他带来心灵的慰藉,还给他带来创作灵感。《沧海赋》、《秋色赋》、《烟镦》、《梨乡小记》、《蓬莱叙怀》、《海滨仲夏夜》、《故乡月倍明》、《依然十里杏花红》等等一大批脍炙人口的名篇佳作,都是他回故乡的收获。峻青先生祖辈就擅长丹青,他本人在书法和绘画上也有很深的造诣,他书画作品的落款上,总是写着“海阳峻青”或“林寺山人”。因为他家乡后面的那座山就叫林寺山。
无论是顺境还是逆境,故乡都在他心中。1976年春天,从“四人帮”的监狱里放出来不久,刚刚恢复有限的自由,峻青做出的第一个决定便是:回故乡。当时,同样受到迫害的上海市老市长曹荻秋听说峻青要回胶东,担心他严重的心脏病犯了没人抢救,劝他慎重考虑。思乡心切的峻青执意要回故乡。不幸果然让老市长言中。在他家乡的那个小山村,峻青心脏病发作,生命危在旦夕。情急之中,峻青的夫人于康打电话向当地党政领导和当地驻军求救。家乡的军民没有因为他是“黑帮”而冷落、怠慢,当地的党政领导、驻军医院和地方医院的专家组成抢救小组,经过三天三夜的抢救,把峻青从死亡线上拉了回来。根据病情,需转往当地医院进一步治疗,当峻青的担架被抬出家门时,担架经过的街道上站满了全村的男女老少,在乡亲们关切的目光中,峻青离开这个小山村。这一次,是家乡的军民给了峻青第二次生命。
乡情几乎人人有,峻青缘何重此情?以至发展成为“怀乡病”?只有了解峻青经历的人,才能理解他那浓得化不开的乡情。峻青1923年3月出生于山东省海阳市郭城镇一个偏僻的山村——西楼子村。他当过放牛娃,做过童工。1940年4月入伍,投入了血与火的斗争。家乡的黄土地上,有他苦难生活的血泪;家乡的山山岭岭,留下了他浴血奋斗的足迹。正是在含泪浸血的土地,孕育出了作家血浓于水的深情。
在家乡的每一天,峻青都生活在浓浓的乡情中。有一年,峻青在家乡乐不思归,一住就是近一个月。天渐渐有些冷了,峻青夫妇才恋恋不舍地离开故乡,返回了上海。
“日暮乡关何处是,黄浦江上使人愁。”在大上海生活了近半个世纪,峻青并没有感到自己是个上海人,他经常对乡亲们说,在上海,他总有一种“客居”的感觉,那里不是他的家。只有看到了胶东半岛的山山水水,只有双脚踏上了胶东的土地,他才从心里有一种“到家了”的感觉。
种子怀黄土,水珠念大海,小草恋青山,峻青思故乡。
今年春天,已是八十高龄的峻青先生来电话说,潍坊有关部门想请他们回去参加风筝节,他想顺便再回家乡看一看,没想到临出发时,老伴突然发病,未能成行。9月,又传来峻青心脏病发作住院的消息。趁国庆长假,我去上海看望峻青先生。病榻上的峻青消瘦了许多,精神还好。看到家乡人,他格外激动。我告诉他,没有什么好带的,就给他带了一点家乡的地瓜、芋头,峻青听后高兴地连声说:“好,好,又能吃到家乡的鲜地瓜、鲜芋头了。” “岁岁频返海边城,故乡风物总牵情。卧听胶东一夜雨,胜似江南半生梦。乡心不与年俱老,痼疾却似日益增。安得扁鹊回春手,踏遍齐鲁万千峰。”看着病榻上的峻青先生,我想起了他在故乡写就的这首诗。此时此刻,最能代表先生心情的恐怕就是这首饱含深情的诗作了。
“For my hometown I have special feelings. If homesickness is a kind of disease, I am a person who is seriously inf l icted by it.” This was written by Mr. Junqing in his prose titled “Unforgettable Hometown.,” which was also a true ref l ection of Junqing’s homesickness.This spring the 80-year-old man of Junqing called to say some department in Weifang would invite them to join in the Kite Festival and he wanted to return to his hometown on the way. Unexpectedly before they set out his wife fell ill and they did not manage to make the trip. In this September the news came that Junqing had a heart attack. During the National Day holiday I went to Shanghai to see Mr. Junqing. Ill in bed, Junqing was much thinner but with good spirit. At the sight of a person from his hometown, he was exceptionally excited. I told him I did not bring anything but some sweet potatoes and taros. Hearing this Junqing happily answered:”Good, good. I can have the fresh sweet potatoes and taros from my hometown again.””Every year I return to the seaside city and the hometown always haunts in my mind. A night in bed listening to the Jiaodong rain is better than half a life in the dream in the south of the Changjiang River. A homesick heart does not get old with the increasing years but the old illness gets worse as time passes by. When can I get treated by a doctor like Bianque so that I can climb on the tens of thousands of mountains in Qilu(Shandong)?” Seeing Mr. Junqing in bed, I recalled the poem he wrote in his hometown. At this moment nothing can ref l ect Junqing’s feelings more than this emotional poem.