优质护理对消化性溃疡患者肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白IgA的影响
2015-03-15叶江华
叶江华
(首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院, 北京, 100730)
优质护理对消化性溃疡患者肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白IgA的影响
叶江华
(首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院, 北京, 100730)
摘要:目的探讨优质护理干预对消化性溃疡患者肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白SIgA的影响。方法选取消化性溃疡患者60例,随机分为2组各30例,对照组给予常规PPI三联疗法,观察组在对照组的基础上给予优质护理;比较2组患者的临床疗效和汉密顿不良情绪评分,并分别于治疗前后取患者结肠内膜组织,以ELISA试剂盒检测SIgA含量,以RT-PCR和免疫印迹法检测5-HT的mRNA与蛋白表达水平。结果观察组临床有效率显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前2组患者各项考察指标无显著差异(P>0.05), 观察组HAMD/HAMA评分及5-HT表达水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05), SIgA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 线性回归分析结果显示SIgA含量与5-HT的表达水平呈直线负相关(P<0.05)。结论优质护理干预可提高消化性溃疡患者肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白SIgA, 且该作用可能与情致因素调控的5-HT通路有关。
关键词:心理护理; 消化性溃疡; 肠黏膜; 分泌型IgA; 5-HT
消化性溃疡(UC)是消化系统常见病,其发病率逐年递增。近年研究[1-3]表明,UC为一类非典型免疫相关性疾病,其发病过程涉及多种免疫细胞、炎性因子及免疫球蛋白的代谢失衡。作为黏膜防御系统的重要组成部分,肠黏膜微环境变更势必为影响UC发病进程的关键因素之一。免疫球蛋白多存在于体液,主司体液免疫,分泌型免疫球蛋白IgA(SIgA)主要存在于黏膜组织,是机体黏膜防御系统的主要成分之一。5-HT最初发现于肠嗜铬细胞,属单胺类神经递质,在情绪障碍性疾病中发挥了重要作用;后经证实90%以上合成于肠黏膜,可影响胃肠道蠕动、分泌及分子信号感知等多种功能[4-5]。近年, UC患者的5-HT异常和负面情绪反应受到越来越多的关注,优质护理策略在其临床治疗中亦取得了一定成效。本研究重在探讨优质护理对UC患者SIgA有无实质性影响,现报告如下。
1资料和方法
选取本院2012年3月—2013年3月收治的消化性溃疡患者60例为研究对象,所有患者均符合WHO UC胃镜及临床症状诊断标准。以随机数字法将患者分为2组,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施优质护理。观察组男12例,女18例,年龄24~76岁,平均(53.6±13.4)岁;胃溃疡9例,十二指肠溃疡21例。对照组男10例,女20例;年龄23~78岁,平均(54.1±13.4)岁,胃溃疡11例,十二指肠溃疡19例。2组患者的年龄、性别及病变位置无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
治疗方法:常规PPI三联疗法:奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊(H20060390,北京韩美), 20 mg/次, 2次/d; 克拉霉素片(H20033044,上海雅培), 0.25 g/次, 2次/d; 阿莫西林(H19993034,山东鲁抗), 0.25 g/次, 2次/d。
护理方法:对照组实施常规护理方法,观察组实施优质护理: ① 由护理人员主动向介绍UC的健康知识,做知识辅导时注重个体化交流,对文化水平较低患者使用通俗易懂的语言;对文化水平高的患者可以用专业术语,以拉近医患距离;在普及知识的同时,重点暗示疾病康复的可能性,以缓解患者内心的不良情绪; ② 耐心倾听、密切关注并及时疏导患者负面心理,对于焦虑、抑郁及失眠等较为严重患者适量使用药物;设立自律训练培训课程,指导患者以心理意念疗法克服情绪障碍; ③ 注重家庭互动,指导患者家属对患者情绪进行专业的评估和疏导,以便及时了解患者的心理动态;配合家属对患者进行心理上的鼓励和安慰,以亲情为纽带,加强患者配合治疗的积极性。
临床疗效:痊愈,胃镜下溃疡面完全愈合,血肿、脓性分泌物等炎性征象消失;显效,胃镜下溃疡面基本愈合,但仍存在轻微炎性征象;有效,胃镜下溃疡病面愈合50%以上,炎性征象有所改善;无效,胃镜下溃疡病面愈合不足50%或炎性征象无改善均为无效。
不良情绪:分别评定患者的汉密顿抑郁程度HAMD评分和焦虑程度HAMA评分。
微观指标:刮取患者炎性反应较为明显的降结肠或直肠组织,分装于三管。管A以生理盐水制备匀浆液,ELISA试剂盒检测SIgA含量。管B以Trizol裂解液提取蛋白质, BCA试剂盒测浓度;以10 μg为单孔上样量进行垂直凝胶电泳(80 V, 30 min; 120 V, 60 min); 蛋白条带分离后转印至羟甲纤维素膜(80 V, 60 min), 抗体孵育并显影(抗体浓度: Anti-Serotonin 1∶2 000; Anti-GAPDH 1∶4 000; Goat anti-rabbit 1∶1 000)。管C以总RNA提取试剂盒提取RNA, 常规RT-PCR; 温度条件: 94 ℃ 2 min; (94 ℃ 15 s, 59 ℃ 10 s, 75℃ 30 s); 75 ℃ 5 min 10 min。
2结果
2.1临床疗效
观察组痊愈17例、显效6例、有效6例;对照组痊愈9例、显效5例、有效4例;观察组临床有效率显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。
2.2不良情绪评分
治疗前,两组患者的不良情绪评分无显著差异(P>0.05); 治疗后,观察组HAMD和HAMA评分均显著小于对照组(P<0.05), 见图1。
2.35-HT表达水平
治疗前,2组患者5-HT表达水平无显著差异(P>0.05); 治疗后,观察组5-HT蛋白和mRNA表达水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。
2.4SIgA含量
治疗前,2组患者SIgA含量无显著差异(P>0.05); 治疗后, SIgA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 线性回归分析结果显示SIgA含量与5-HT的mRNA表达水平呈直线负相关R2(蛋白)=0.7678,P<0.01; R2(mRNA)=0.7678,P<0.05)
3讨论
近年,情绪应激在UC的机制研究愈加受到重视,Tominaga K等研究结果[6]显示UC患者普遍存在一定程度的负面心理,以抑郁和焦虑情绪最为常见。Rosenstock S等[7]认为负面情绪评分与UC患者的发病程度密切相关,通过优质护理适当疏导患者不良情绪可提高其临床治疗效果。
图12组患者治疗前后HAMD和HAMA评分对比
从微观机制来看,肠黏膜免疫微环境失调是促进UC发病和进展的关键因素之一。SIgA由具有免疫活性的淋巴细胞分泌,主要存在于黏膜组织,是机体黏膜防御系统的主要成分,能够抑制肠黏膜病原菌的定植和繁殖。微生物感染和炎性反应为UC的最主要病理特征之一,以往研究已证实[8], Th2、NKT以及多种固有免疫细胞参与了UC的发病进程,然而SIgA的研究尚为罕见。本研究探讨的首要问题为优质护理是否能够通过调控SIgA改善临床患者的病理状态。本研究对护理干预UC患者和单纯用药UC患者对比研究结果显示,优质护理患者的肠黏膜SIgA含量与临床用药整体有效率显著高于对照组,HAMD与HAMA评分显著低于对照组。初步肯定了优质护理在改善患者抑郁、焦虑情绪及临床用药效果方面的正向作用,并提示该有效性可能与其促进肠黏膜SIgA分泌、改善患者肠道免疫微环境有关。
5-HT最初发现于肠嗜铬细胞,属单胺类神经递质,在情绪障碍性疾病中发挥了重要作用[9]; 后经证实90%以上合成于肠黏膜,可影响胃肠道蠕动、分泌及分子信号感知等多种功能。据报道[10-12], 5-HT的异常高表达与肠道黏膜损伤息息相关,可预示了较为严重的炎性反应及功能障碍;且其含量与患者的不良情绪反应亦有密切联系。Hung A等[13]也已证实,5-HT及其受体的相关调控不仅可缓解患者的情绪障碍,且对其免疫机能也有一定程度的改善。在整体临床疗效和汉密尔顿抑郁、焦虑评分的基础上,本研究对患者的5-HT表达情况亦做了相关考察,以初探优质护理调控SIgA的可能机制。研究结果显示优质护理患者的肠黏膜5-HT mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著低于对照组;进一步的线性分析结果显示UC患者的肠黏膜SIgA含量与5-HT mRNA及蛋白表达水平呈直线负相关。该结果说明SIgA含量的变更与5-HT表达水平变更具有一定的相关性;优质护理可能通过对5-HT通路的调节缓解UC患者的不良情绪,同时改善其免疫机能,促进免疫活性细胞分泌IgA。
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Influence of high quality nursing on intestinal mucosal secretory IgA of patients with peptic ulcer
YE Jianghua
(BeijingTongrenHospitalAffiliatedtoCapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing, 100730)
ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTo explore the influence of high quality nursing on intestinal mucosal secretory IgA of patients with peptic ulcer. MethodsA total of 60 patients with peptic ulcer were randomly divided into two groups (n=30). Patients in control group were treated with conventional PPT triple therapy, and those in observation group were given quality nursing on the base of PPT. Clinical effect and negative emotions score were evaluated. At the same time, colon mucosal tissue of patients was extracted to detect SIgA content by ELISA kit and expression of 5-HT protein and mRNA by RT-PCR and Western blot assay were detected. ResultsThe clinical effect of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). And there were no significant difference in the indicators of two groups(P>0.05), HAMD/HAMA score and 5-HT expression level of observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group and the SIgA content was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Further more, there was negative correlation between SIgA content and 5-HT expression level(P<0.05). ConclusionHigh quality nursing could improve the level of mucosal SIgA content of patients with peptic ulcer and it may have a correlation with pathway of 5-HT regulated by emotions.
KEYWORDS:mental nursing; peptic ulcer; intestinal mucosa; secretory IgA; 5-HT
收稿日期:2015-01-25
中图分类号:R 285.5
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1672-2353(2015)12-047-03
DOI:10.7619/jcmp.201512016