复方α—酮酸用于改善乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者营养状态及肾脏功能疗效研究
2015-03-11郑夏芳彭国平
郑夏芳 彭国平
[摘要] 目的 探讨复方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者营养状态及肾脏功能的临床效果。 方法 选取乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者80例,随机分为对照组(40例)和治疗组(40例);分别给予单纯低蛋白饮食和在此基础上加用复方α-酮酸口服治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后重度营养不良(SAG-C)率、血浆白蛋白(Alb)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、24 h尿蛋白量、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)及C反应蛋白(CRP)等指标水平。 结果 治疗组患者临床疗效显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗后营养状态相关指标水平均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗后24 h尿蛋白量显著低于对照组、治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但治疗前后两组eGFR水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组患者治疗后CRP水平显著低于对照组和治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 复方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者营养状态及肾脏功能效果确切,具有临床应用价值。
[关键词] 复方α-酮酸;乙型肝炎;慢性肾脏病;营养状态;肾脏功能
[中图分类号] R512.62 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)04-0082-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate clinical improving effects of α-keto acids on patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with chronic kidney disease for nutritional status and renal function. Methods 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with chronic kidney disease were chosen and randomly divided into both groups including control group (40 patients) with low-protein diet and treatment group (40 patients) with compound α-keto acid on the basis of control group; And the clinical curative effect, the levels of severe malnutrition rate (SAG-C), plasma albumin (Alb), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), three triacylglycerol(TG), total cholesterol (TC), 24 h proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and C reactive protein(CRP) of both groups were compared. Results The clinical efficacy of treatment group was significantly better than that of control group, there was significant difference(P<0.05). The levels of nutritional status indexes of treatment groups after treatment was significantly better than that of control group, there was significant difference(P<0.05). The levels of 24 h proteinuria of treatment groups after treatment was significantly lower than that of control group and before treatment, there was significant difference(P<0.05); And there was no significant difference in level of eGFR between two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). The levels of CRP of treatment groups after treatment was significantly lower than that of control group and before treatment, there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The α-keto acids on patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with chronic kidney disease can efficiently improve nutritional status and protect renal function.
[Key words] α-Keto acids; Chronic hepatitis B; Chronic kidney disease; Nutritional status; Renal function
乙型肝炎病毒合并慢性肾脏病多见于中青年男性,常规治疗采用饮食低蛋白质摄入方案,有效减轻残余肾脏负担。但目前研究显示单纯蛋白质摄入控制疗法效果不佳,无法有效缓解病情进展[1,2]。本次研究选取乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者80例,分别给予单纯低蛋白饮食和在此基础上加用复方α-酮酸治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后SAG-C率、Alb、HDL、LDL、TG、TC、24 h尿蛋白量、eGFR及CRP等指标水平,探讨复方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者营养状态及肾脏功能的临床效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
选取我院肾内科2010年5月~2012年12月收治的乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(40例)和治疗组(40例)。对照组患者中男28例,女12例,年龄35~62岁,平均(43.80±6.41)岁;治疗组患者中男30例,女10例,年龄36~61岁,平均(43.87±6.43)岁。两组患者的一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.1.1 纳入标准 ①符合慢性肾脏病(CKD)Ⅰ-Ⅱ期诊断标准[3];②符合慢性乙型肝炎诊断标准[3];③未达到慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒药物治疗标准;④签署知情同意书,自愿加入研究。
1.1.2 排除标准 ①肾功能急性衰竭或下降超过30%;②失代偿性肝病或中重度炎症;③治疗前4周内接受抗病毒药物和激素治疗;④自身免疫性疾病;⑤恶性肿瘤;⑥妊娠哺乳期女性。
1.2 治疗方法
对照组患者采用低蛋白饮食治疗,每天蛋白质摄入量=24 h尿蛋白量+蛋白质(0.7~0.8)g/kg;治疗组患者则在此基础上加用复方α-酮酸(北京费森尤斯卡比医药有限公司,批号81GK307,0.63 g×100片/盒)0.3 g/(kg·d)治疗。治疗过程中保证每天膳食优质蛋白比例超过70%,总热量摄入维持125~150 kJ。两组患者治疗时间均为16周。
1.3 观察指标
①营养状态指标包括SAG-C率、Alb、HDL、LDL、TG及TC;其中主观综合性营养评估C级(SAG-C)代表重度营养不良[4];②肾脏功能指标包括24 h尿蛋白量和eGFR;其中eGFR=186×(Scr/88.4)-1.154×年龄-0.203×(0.742女性)[5];③CRP检测采用美国Beckman全自动生化仪。
1.4 疗效判定标准[6]
①显效:24 h尿蛋白量≤0.3 g;②有效:24 h尿蛋白量下降≥50%,但>0.3 g;③无效:未达到上述标准。
1.5 统计学处理
数据录入分析软件选择Epidata 3.01和SPSS 17.0,其中计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,等级资料采用Willcoxon秩和检验;P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.4 两组患者治疗前后CRP水平比较
对照组患者治疗前后CRP水平分别为(1.87±0.43)mg/L、(1.77±0.40)mg/L;治疗组患者治疗前后CRP水平分别为(1.90±0.44)mg/L、(1.32±0.34)mg/L;治疗组患者治疗后CRP水平显著低于对照组和治疗前,差异有统计学意义(t=2.174、2.236,P=0.035、0.031)。
3 讨论
慢性乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者长期处于微炎症状态,机体蛋白质-能量代谢异常,同时因蛋白质于肝脏部位代偿性合成,又可诱发脂质代谢紊乱[7,8],最终形成恶性循环,严重营养不良发生风险极高。低蛋白饮食疗法有助于改善肾脏功能高滤过状态和蛋白质代谢,在拮抗局部氧化应激反应的同时,调节生长因子、部分激素水平[9,10]。而复方α- 酮酸主要组成成分为α-酮酸和必需氨基酸;其中α-酮酸参与人体氨基酸特别是必需氨基酸合成过程,有助于减轻膳食体外补充必需氨基酸代谢后废物对残余肾脏组织功能损伤[11]。复方α-酮酸有助于降低慢性肾脏病患者尿蛋白量,维持正常肾脏功能作用亦被证实,具体机制如下:①辅助蛋白质摄入控制方案可提高蛋白质适应性合成水平,稳定机体蛋白质平衡;②其中含有支链氨基酸成分不会诱发肾脏血流量及滤过率改变;③加强支链氨基酸功能在肾小管部位再吸收能力[12-14]。
本次研究结果中,治疗组患者临床疗效和治疗后24 h尿蛋白量均显著优于对照组,说明复方α-酮酸辅助治疗乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者在控制尿蛋白、保护肾脏功能方面具有优势,其对肾脏纤维化因子表达高效抑制作用是可能的治疗机制之一[15],但因两组均采用低蛋白饮食,降低饮食蛋白量也可有效减轻肾脏负担,降低蛋白尿量[16],具体机制还需进一步探讨。而治疗组患者治疗后营养状态指标显著优于对照组、治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示复方α-酮酸联合低蛋白饮食有助于保持乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者良好的营养状态,但因随访时间较短,远期疗效及安全性仍有待进一步确认;同时复方α-酮酸对于氧化应激反应具有明确抑制作用,可显著降低患者炎症反应水平,而炎症反应水平异常升高可促进患者营养不良状态的发生发展亦被证实[17,18]。本次研究发现,治疗组患者治疗后CRP水平显著低于对照组、治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与以上结论相一致。
综上所述,复方α-酮酸改善乙型肝炎合并慢性肾脏病患者营养状态及肾脏功能效果确切,具有临床应用价值。但因研究样本量少、单一中心及随访时间短等限制,所得结论还需更大规模临床随机对照双盲试验确证。
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(收稿日期:2014-08-08)