“一带一路”与时代潮流关于“一带一路”一些问题的思考

□ 文/王嵎生

●（作者系中国国际问题研究基金会战略研究中心执行主任、中国前APEC高官）

“丝绸之路”的历史意义和影响，人们都很清楚。它对东西方文明和思想的交流，以及经济合作和发展，有着不可磨灭的功绩，至今认为世界各国称颂。

中国现在提出“一带一路”规划，既是历史传承，也是创新发展，并非权宜之计，更非头脑发热，突发奇想；而是经过深思熟虑、充分估计和分析时代潮流和国际形势的顶层设计，有着深远的现实意义。

一、战略上，它顺应时代的诉求。冷战结束以来，和平、发展与合作共赢已成为不可阻挡的世界潮流，经济全球化迅速发展，各种形式和大大小小的自贸区如雨后春笋，呼唤强有力的“互联互通”和贸易投资自由化与便利化（APEC这几年一直声明要在这方面“给力”）。这是中国“一带一路”“愿景”的主旨之一。

二、在政策行为方面，努力践行中国传统的“价值观”。中国国家主席习近平说得好：一花不是春，孤雁难成行。中国“一带一路”的“愿景”将体现平等互利的新时代伙伴关系，不争霸，不强加于人，不干涉内政；尊重多样文明和体制，优势互补，谋求共同发展和“春色满园”，为更加公平正义的世界秩序开创新局面。有人说，“一带一路”是中国的“马歇尔计划”，这显然不符合事实，无论在战略目标还是行为准则方面，两者都没有可比性。

三、有利于发展和提升“APEC方式”，推动沿线地区逐步迈向“命运共同体”。1996年，中国领导人在APEC苏比克峰会上提出“APEC方式”，即承认多样性（其成员经济发展水平、社会制度、宗教信仰、文化背景等各方面都很不一样）；允许渐进性；平等互利，自主自愿和协商一致。当时，人们把这一“APEC方式”称之为“APEC的灵魂”和支柱。APEC至今仍有强大的生命力，在很大程度上得益于坚持“APEC方式”。“一带一路”沿线国家和地区存在更大的多样性，在运作过程中，更需要注意因地制宜,注意与不同的利益诉求和项目“对接”（如与俄罗斯的欧亚经济联盟的“对接”，与蒙古国铁路宽轨与窄轨问题的解决等），坚持“共商、共建、共享”六字方针。同时，还要非常注意相关国家人民的福祉、环保和宗教信仰等问题。

图/CFP

四、坚持奉行习近平主席提出的“义利观”。在和平发展道路上，以及在基础设施建设方面，中国先走了一步，综合国力相对提高了很多。在互联互通和具体项目运作过程中，中国义不容辞，一定要执行互利原则，有时候要扶助弱小，“多予少取”，决不能“只取不予”，更不能损人利己，巧取豪夺。

五、有着重要的支撑和保证。推行“一带一路”愿景，离不开资金和融资。中国设立“丝绸之路基金”，显然是对“一带一路”的有力支撑。亚投行和金砖开发银行也是两大支柱，有利于融资；在一定意义上，也有助于“倒逼”现有国际金融体系的改革，从而以某种方式在今后参与“一带一路”活动。中国“一带一路”的愿景，既不排斥、也不针对任何国家或地区，个别老牌发达国家不必神经紧张，用冷战思维观察和看待新事物。“一带一路”并非是什么苦酒，而是可口的茅台和威士忌。如不信，不妨来尝一尝。

“一带一路”目前可以说是魅力四射，任重道远。但新生事物的发展不可能完全一帆风顺，不可能没有风浪和险阻。路漫漫其修远兮，“一带一路”任重道远，也需要“上下而求索”。当前，特别需要注意的：一是警惕和防止恐怖主义和分裂主义的破坏；二是警惕心怀不满和敌对势力的干扰和破坏 ；三是防止右翼媒体的“离间计”，把“茶杯里的风波”当成大风大浪。某些相关国家，由于内部政治斗争和矛盾，可能暂时影响与我们的合作项目，我们无需大惊小怪，以为“大事不好”了，影响判断。人家挑拨离间，我们千万不要对号入座，一定要有战略自信和定力。

It is clearly known that the “Silk Road”has great historical significance and influence.This makes invaluable contribution to the exchange of civilization and ideas between eastern and western countries,as well as economic cooperation and development,which has won praises around the world till now.

The “One Belt and One Road”initiative that China has put forward currently is a result not only of historical heritage but also of creative development.It is not an expedient,hot-headed or strange whim.It is a top-level design based on careful consideration,sufficient estimation and analysis of times trend and international situation,and it is of profound practical significance.

I.strategically,it conforms to the demand of the times.Since the end of the cold war,peace,development and win-win cooperation have become irresistible world trends.With the rapid development of economic globalization,FTAs in various forms and sizes have mushroomed,calling strong connectivitys as well as the liberalization and facilitation of trade investment (APEC has been declaring to be “Gelivable”in this respect in recent years).It is one of China’s visions towards the “One Belt and One Road”.

II.It strives to practice the Chinese traditional values in terms of the policy behavior.As the President of China Xi Jinping said,one swallow doesn’t make a summer.China’s vision of the “One Belt and One Road”initiative will embody a new era partnership of equality and mutual benefit.China never engages in hegemony or interference in internal affairs of other countries,nor imposes on them.It respects cultural diversity and system,takes complementary advantages and seeks for common development and “blossomy garden”,so as to lay a new ground for a fairer and a more just world order.Some people say that the “One Belt and One Road”is China’s “Marshall Plan”,which is obviously inconsistent with the facts,because there is no comparison between them in terms of strategic goal or the code of conduct.

III.It is conducive to the development and promotion of the “APEC mode”,creating a regional impetus to gradual transformation into a “Community of Destiny”.In 1996,Chinese leaders in Subic Summit during the APEC proposed the “APEC mode”which acknowledged diversity (as there are great differences in economic development,social system,religious belief and cultural context among members).We allow progressiveness and keep equality and mutual benefits,voluntarism and consensus all the way.At that time,people regarded the mode as the soul and pillar of APEC.The strong vitality of APEC,to a large degree,depends on the persistence of the “APEC mode”.Due to the greater diversities in countries and regions along the “One Belt and One Road”,it is required to pay more attention,in the operation,to adopt measures suiting local conditions and accommodate disparate needs and interests as well as projects,such as the docking with Eurasian Economic Union in Russia and the solution of broad and narrow rails of Inner Mongolian railways.We must adhere to the sixword policy: consult together,build together and share together.Meanwhile,we should take into consideration the welfare,environmental protection and religious beliefs of people and countries concerned.

Ⅳ.We adhere to the “righteousness and benefit outlook”put forward by President Xi Jinping.China takes an earlier step on the road to peaceful development and in the area of infrastructure construction,and as a result its comprehensive national strength has witnessed a substantial increase.In the operating process of connectivity and interworking and specific project,China is duty-bound to implement the principle of mutual benefit and help the weak countries sometimes.China should pursue the policy of giving more and taking less.She will never take without give,rapping and rending to harm others to benefit itself.

Ⅴ.We have impor tant suppor t and guarantee.Without funding and financing,we can’t promote the vision of the “One Belt and One Road”.The setup of the “Silk Road Fund”is obviously a strong support for the “One Belt and One Road”initiative.The AIIB and the BRICS Development Bank are two pillars for financing.In a sense,they can also help to “force”the reform of the existing international financial system,so that it can participate in the activities of the “One Belt and One Road”in the future.The vision of the “One Belt and One Road”neither rejects nor aims at any country or region.Several old developed countries don’t have to be nervous with cold war mentality to observe and treat new things.The “One Belt and One Road”is not bitter wine,but delicious Moutai and Whiskey.If you don’t believe,you might as well have a taste.

The “One Belt and One Road”initiative is charming at present,but it also has a long way to go.The development of new things can’t be entirely smooth with no storms and obstacles.With a long way,the “One Belt and One Road”should shoulder heavy responsibilities and try to find a way of healthy development.At present,we should pay special attention to the following three things.First,we should be alert and prevent the destruction of terrorism and separatism.Second,we should be alert to the interference and damage made by disgruntled and hostile forces.Third,we should prevent the right-wing press from using the strategy of sowing discord and regarding a bit of a storm in a teacup as strong wind and big waves.Some related countries,due to its internal political struggle and conflicts,may temporarily affect cooperation projects with us;however,we don’t need to make a fuss as if a disaster is imminent,which can influence our judges.If somebody else makes mischief,we should not fall into the trap but have strategic confidence and composure.