西藏邦铺钼多金属矿床碳氧同位素组成及意义
2014-08-08温春齐费光春岳相元
周 雄 温春齐 费光春 张 贻 周 玉, 岳相元 温 泉
(1.中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所,四川 成都 610041;;2.成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川 成都 610041)
西藏邦铺钼多金属矿床碳氧同位素组成及意义
周 雄1温春齐2费光春2张 贻1周 玉1,2岳相元1温 泉2
(1.中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所,四川 成都 610041;;2.成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川 成都 610041)
对西藏邦铺钼铜多金属矿床中的灰岩、方解石进行了C、O同位素测定。测试结果表明,早期的灰岩具有相对较高的δ13CV-PDB(3.1‰~4.0‰)、δ18OV-SMOW(5.2‰~12.5‰)和Z值(136.44~141.72),晚期的方解石的δ13CV-PDB(-5.6‰~-3.8‰)、δ18OV-SMOW(1.3‰~5.5‰)和Z值(118.57~120.17)则偏低。δ13CV-PDB-δ18OV-SMOW碳酸盐岩来源判别图解显示碳主要来源于蚀变及再沉积碳酸盐岩,δ13CV-PDB-δ18OV-SMOW流体来源判别图解显示成矿流体中的碳来源于岩浆及碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,但明显混合了大气降水。综合分析认为,早期为同生期成岩环境,后期为埋藏混合水环境,流体中的碳可能主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,但不排除岩浆岩对碳的贡献。碳氧同位素结果显示,当大气降水强度加大时,δ13CV-PDB向低、负值方向偏移,δ18OV-SMOW发生强烈的负偏移,即氧同位素漂移。
碳氧同位素 溶解作用 钼铜多金属矿床 邦铺
西藏邦铺矿床是冈底斯斑岩铜矿带上典型的以钼为主的大型Mo-Cu-Pb-Zn多金属矿床,钼铜矿为斑岩型矿床,铅锌矿为碳酸盐岩型[1]。该矿床自发现以来(2007—2009),便受到了人们的广泛关注,许多学者从成矿地质背景[1,2]、岩石地球化学[3]、成矿流体来源[2,4-5]、成矿物质来源[6]、成岩成矿时代[7-13]、矿床成因[1,14]等方面进行了研究,为该矿床的理论研究提供了丰富的资料。目前,该矿床的Pb、Zn矿床的研究仍相对薄弱,在一定程度上制约了对矿床成因的进一步认识。
前人研究显示,碳酸盐岩中的灰岩、方解石的C、O同位素体系已经广泛运用于示踪各类热液矿床成矿流体来源及演化[15-18]。灰岩是邦铺矿床的赋矿岩石,方解石是主要的脉石矿物,因此可以为研究该矿床成矿流体来源及演化提供重要的信息。本研究在大量野外工作的基础上,采集了铅锌矿体赋矿围岩洛把堆组(P1l)灰岩及方解石样品,进行了C、O同位素测定,以期进一步探讨成矿流体中碳的来源。
由于前人对矿床地质特征已做了详细讨论[1-2,13],在此不再做相关描述。
1 样品采集及测试
研究所用样品主要来自矿区东南部铅锌矿体的坑道。邦铺矿区4件石灰岩和2件方解石的碳氧同位素组成由核工业北京地质研究院同位素室测试。
碳同位素δ13C和氧同位素δ18OV-SMOW测试值及根据Keith and Weber[19]碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组成计算的碳酸盐岩盐度指数Z值结果见表1。
表1 碳氧同位素组成 Tab.1 Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions
由表1可见,铅锌矿床中4件石灰岩δ13CV-PDB均为正值,且变化范围较小(3.1‰~4.0‰),平均值为3.45‰;δ18OV-SMOW组成变化相对较大(5.2‰~12.5‰),平均值为8.63‰;Z值变化较小(136.44~141.72),平均值为138.66。
2件方解石的δ13CV-PDB‰均为负值,为-5.6‰~-3.8‰,平均值为-4.7‰;δ18OV-SMOW值为1.3‰~5.5‰,平均值为3.4‰;Z值为118.57~120.17,平均为119.37。
注:测试单位为核工业北京地质研究院同位素实验室;Z值据Keith and Weber[19],Z=2.048(δ13C+50)+0.498(δ18O+50)。
2 讨 论
Keith and Weber[19]研究结果表明,碳酸盐岩的Z值小于120为淡水成岩环境,Z值接近120为埋藏混合水环境,Z值大于120为同生期成岩环境。由表1可见,灰岩的Z值为136.44~141.72,平均值为138.66,指示为同生期成岩环境,即为海相沉积碳酸盐岩;方解石的Z值为118.57~120.17,平均为119.37,指示为埋藏混合水环境。
根据石灰岩及方解石碳氧同位素组成,绘制了邦铺矿区δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW碳酸盐岩来源判别图解和δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW成矿流体来源判别图解,见图1、图2。在图1中,有1个方解石样品直接投在了岩浆源碳酸岩区域内,其余点主要投在蚀变及再沉积碳酸盐岩区域内,表明C主要来源于蚀变及再沉积碳酸盐岩。在图2中,2件灰岩样品(BP133、BP134)投点位于花岗岩区域,表明成矿流体来源于岩浆岩或深源岩浆流体;1件灰岩样品投点位于花岗岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间,表明成矿流体中的碳来源于岩浆及碳酸盐岩的溶解作用;另外1件灰岩及2件方解石样品的投点位于花岗岩左侧,但明显混合了大气降水,结合表1及图1、图2,可认为流体中的碳可能主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,但不排除岩浆岩对碳的贡献。
图1 δ13CPDB -δ18OSMOW碳酸盐岩来源判别图解 (背景图据文献[20])Fig.1 δ13CPDB -δ18OSMOW diagram for the carbonate source (the plot is after reference[20])□—灰岩;○—方解石
图2 δ13CPDB -δ18OSMOW流体来源判别图解 (背景图据文献[16]、[21]修改)Fig.1 δ13CPDB -δ18OSMOW diagram for the source of the fluid (modified by the references[16],[21])□—灰岩;○—方解石
后期的方解石,无论是δ13CV-PDB、δ18OV-SMOW还是Z值,均低于早期的灰岩,反映出大气降水对成岩环境的影响,指示当时的环境为浅埋藏或暴露,显示当时大气降水强度加大时,δ13CV-PDB向低、负值方向偏移,δ18OV-SMOW发生强烈的负偏移,即氧同位素漂移。
3 结 论
(1)铅锌矿床中4件石灰岩δ13CV-PDB均为正值,且变化范围较小(3.1‰~4.0‰),平均值为3.45‰;δ18OV-SMOW值变化相对较大(5.2‰~12.5‰),平均值为8.63‰;Z值变化较小(136.44~141.72),平均值为138.66;2件方解石的δ13CPDB均为负值(-5.6‰~-3.8‰),平均值为-4.7‰;δ18OV-SMOW值为1.3‰~5.5‰,平均值为3.4‰;Z值为118.57~120.17,平均为119.37。
(2) H、O同位素判别图解显示,成矿流体中的碳可能主要来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,但不排除岩浆岩对碳的贡献。
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(责任编辑 邓永前)
Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Composition and its Significance of Bangpu Molybdenum Polymetallic Deposit in Tibet
Zhou Xiong1Wen Chunqi2Fei Guangchun2Zhang Yi1Zhou Yu1,2Yue Xiangyuan1Wen Quan2
(1.InstituteofMineralResources,ChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences,Chengdu610041,China;2.CollegeofEarthScience,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,Chengdu610041,China)
The limestone and calcite of Bangpu Mo-Cu polymetallic deposit are surveyed by Carbon,oxygen isotope determination.The results show that there are high carbon (δ13CV-PDB=3.1‰~4.0‰),oxygen isotope compositions (δ18OV-SMOW=5.2‰~12.5‰) and carbonate salinity index value ofZ(136.44~141.72) from the early period of limestone,while low carbon(-5.6‰~-3.8‰),oxygen isotope compositions(1.3‰~5.5‰) andZvalue (118.57~120.17) from later period of calcites.δ13CV-PDB-δ18OV-SMOWdiagram for the carbonate source shows that carbon mainly originates from the alteration of sedimentary carbonate rocks,δ13CV-PDB-δ18OV-SMOWdiagram for the source of the fluid shows that carbon in the ore-forming fluid mainly comes from magma and dissolution of carbonate rocks which obviously mixed atmospheric precipitation.It is concluded that it is the syngenetic diagenetic environment during the early period while buried mixed water environment during the later period.Carbon in ore-forming fluid was mainly derived from the dissolution of marine carbonate formation,but magmatic rock is also an important factor of carbon formation.Carbon and oxygen isotope results shows that when rainfall intensity increased,δ13CV-PDBshift to a low and negative direction andδ18OV-SMOWwith a negative excursion which means isotope excursion.
Carbon and oxygen isotopes,Dissolution,Mo-Cu polymetallic deposit,Bangpu
2013-11-10
国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201011013),“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2006BAB01A04)。
周 雄(1979—),男,工程师。
P597
A
1001-1250(2014)-01-092-04