菲洛梅娜:穿越信仰的救赎与宽恕
2014-08-01
教堂中,圣母玛利亚的塑像在烛光里显得仁慈而庄严,仿佛能安抚世间所有的苦难。年迈的Philomena静坐在教堂的长椅上,沐浴在一片温暖、圣洁的光芒里。她再次忆起少女时代的那个夜晚:游乐场灯火璀璨,她在哈哈镜中观察自己的样貌,青春面庞像一枚尚未成熟的苹果;那个年轻英俊的男人站在她的身后,脸上挂着迷人的微笑,令她一见倾心。一切悲剧都起源于那个夜晚,懵懂的少女献身于爱情和短暂的激情,原本美好的相遇竟成为她一生的负罪。
1952年的爱尔兰民风保守,Philomena未婚先孕,遭到亲人离弃,被送往戒律森严的罗斯克里修道院。在修道院中,她遭遇难产,却幸运地生下一个男孩,并为他取名Anthony。在Anthony三岁时,他被修道院的修女私自卖给他人收养,从此杳无音讯。在近50年的漫长岁月里,Philomena将往事埋在了心底,却从未停止过对儿子的思念。她用尽一生的时光去忏悔,祈求命运之神的眷顾,盼望能够母子重逢。
英国电影《菲洛梅娜》(Philomena)改编自真实的故事,充满了沉甸甸的历史厚重感,又弥漫着一种质朴而温暖的情怀。
失意的男人与寻亲的老妇
影片的男主人公Martin曾是BBC驻华盛顿和莫斯科的新闻记者和英国政府的媒体顾问,一度事业风光的他却因为不实指控而被解职,顿时跌入人生谷底。Martin的生活变得百无聊赖,人也变得郁郁寡欢,只好通过跑步和撰写历史书来打发时间。
在一次聚会上,Martin经朋友介绍结识了人物与情感类故事主编Sally。朋友提醒Martin,想重回新闻界,与Sally合作倒是不错的选择,Sally亦大方地向Martin发出邀请。尽管Martin没有直接表露,但曾从事时政类新闻工作的他对此并不以为然。他们的谈话内容被在聚会上帮忙的Jane听到,她随即找到Martin,向他讲述了她的母亲Philomena的遭遇,并希望他能帮助母亲寻回失散多年的儿子。Martin兴味索然,对情感类故事嗤之以鼻,直接拒绝了她。
Jane: I couldnt help overhearing you were a journalist. I know this woman, and she had a baby when she was a teenager and shes kept it secret for 50 years. I only found out today. Sorry. The baby was taken from her by these nuns. They made her have him adopted. And shes kept it a secret all this time.
Martin: Well, the thing is, Im working on a book at the moment about Russian history. Thats my thing. And what youre talking about would be what they call a human interest story. I dont do those.
Jane: Why not?
Martin: Because “human interest story” is a euphemism for stories about weak-minded, vulnerable, ignorant people, to put in newspapers read by vulnerable, weak-minded, ignorant people. Not that you are. And, yeah, anyway, I hope you find him.
回到家之后,Martin却改了主意,他决定接受Sally的邀请,以此作为他重回新闻界的一个契机。于是Martin联系了Jane,并约见了她和她的母亲Philomena。在街头的一个小餐厅里,温和的老太太Philomena向Martin讲述了埋藏在自己内心深处的往事。
Philomena记得在修道院的时候,她与未婚先孕的年轻母亲们一起从事繁重的洗衣房工作,每天只有一个小时的时间能与孩子们见面。年幼的Anthony天真可爱,他最喜欢跟Kathleen的女儿Mary待在一起,两人总是形影不离。然而有一天,Kathleen却告诉Philomena,Mary可能将被修女们送给他人抚养,为此Philomena也陷入了忧虑。
一天,一辆轿车来到修道院,接走了Mary。但Philomena惊讶地发现,一起被带走的还有Anthony。她悲痛欲绝,却只能眼睁睁地看着Anthony被陌生人牵着上了轿车,母子从此相隔,再未见面。多年来,Philomena多次联系修道院,希望能找到儿子的下落,却一直没有结果。
Martin对Philomena的故事产生了浓厚的兴趣,作为一名新闻工作者,他立即嗅到这个故事背后的新闻价值和将会引起的社会反响。对Philomena而言,找回失散多年的儿子是她唯一的愿望;而对于Martin来说,寻找真相和获取新闻价值则是他的直接动机。一个失意的男人与一个痛失爱子的老妇就此结成伙伴,踏上了寻找Anthony的旅程。
修道院的秘密
寻子之路的第一站是Philomena当初所在的罗斯克里修道院。于是Martin陪伴Philomena来到了爱尔兰。
美丽的爱尔兰风景如画,古朴的小镇被色彩浓丽的植物包围,宛如童话世界。修道院伫立在一片青绿色的草地上,白色房子在阳光下显得宁静而祥和。50年的时光过去了,当初的生硬教条和刻板戒律仿佛已不复存在,一切都变得亲切而温和。Philomena得到了修女Claire的亲切接待。Claire告诉她,当初的文件在一场大火中被烧毁了,所有信息都失去了。Martin察觉到修道院隐藏着某些秘密,于是向Claire提出了一连串的问题。Claire对记者身份的Martin充满戒备,要求单独与Philomena交谈。
从修道院出来后,Philomena拿出一份文件递给Martin,上面写着:“I hereby relinquish full claim forever to my said child Anthony Lee. I further undertake never to attempt to see, interfere with or make any claim to the said child at any future time.”(我在此永久放弃对我的孩子安东尼·李的全部权利,并承诺未来永不探望、干涉或对这个孩子提出任何要求。)这是Philomena当初签订的文件,她记得上面的每一个单词。当Martin质疑文件是否合法时,Philomena告诉他,这是她自愿签订的。
Philomena站在故土旷野的草地上,望向远方。往事历历在目,她又一次失望而归。Martin则提出了质疑:如果大火烧掉了一切,为什么独独留下这份文件?
Martin: Its funny, isnt it? All the pieces of paper designed to help you find him have been destroyed. But guess what? The one piece of paper designed to stop you finding him has been lovingly preserved. God in His infinite wisdom decided to spare that from the flames.
Philomena: I signed it because I believed Id committed a terrible sin and had to be punished. But what made it so much worse was that I enjoyed it.
Martin: What?
Philomena: The sex. Oh, it was wonderful, Martin.
Martin: Right.
Philomena: And after the sex was over, I thought anything that feels so lovely must be wrong.
Martin: Fucking Catholics. Sorry.
Philomena: I spent 30 years as a nurse. Ive heard worse than that.
Martin: Its just, why would God bestow upon us a sexual desire that he then wants us to resist? Is it some weird game hes invented to alleviate the boredom of being omnipotent (无所不能的)? It baffles me. And I think Im pretty clever.
Philomena: Well, maybe youre not.
Philomena一生都坚持着信仰,从未因苦难而质疑上帝。然而,她并不否认作为人的天性,亦不掩饰内心的欲望,不质疑爱的价值。在爱尔兰景色奇丽的旷野之中,她向Martin袒露自己的心声。她一方面缅怀现实中的爱欲,另一方面却因此而感到罪恶,一生都在赎罪。与此相反,Martin只相信现实与真相,他认为宗教是捆绑人性的枷锁,用理性的反思质疑宗教的信仰和价值。
在修道院附近的小酒馆里,Martin从人们口中得知,修道院并不曾着火,修女们只是烧掉了所有的档案资料,目的是为了掩盖她们将孩子卖给美国人的事实。这个重磅消息令Martin惊讶不已。另一方面,他亦感到喜悦,随着了解逐渐深入,这段寻亲故事越来越具备新闻价值。
大洋彼岸的人生
Martin告诉Philomena,她的孩子有可能被卖到了美国,并提议她一同去大洋彼岸的华盛顿寻找真相,编辑部将负责所有费用。此时的Philomena仍然坚信,修女们不过是为了给孩子更好的生活,才将他们托付给美国人。为了能与儿子重聚,她决定跟随Martin去美国。
在机场,Philomena津津乐道地向Martin讲述她刚看过的言情小说,全然没有留意到Martin的不耐烦。尽管历经苦难,Philomena的内心世界仍然简单而纯粹。她相信那些美好的故事,相信善良的人都会有好的回报。
到了地球的另一端,Philomena对一切都感到好奇,许多时候甚至像个孩子。她津津有味地在酒店房间看喜剧电影,拒绝Martin一起去林肯博物馆的提议。可一旦到了博物馆,她又立即变得兴致勃勃。Philomena的身上有一种温暖人心的特质,她乐观、真诚、善良,随遇而安。而Martin的性格与Philomena截然不同,作为一个新闻工作者,他更多的是考虑目的和结果,目标明确。
一个早上,Martin在朋友的帮助下查到了Anthony的线索:他已改名为Michael,是一位非常有名的律师,曾是里根和老布什政府的高级法律顾问。然而资料还显示,Anthony已经在1995年去世了。
得知儿子已经离世,Philomena悲痛万分。遭受打击的她准备立刻回英国,与女儿团聚。Martin与主编Sally沟通,Sally却让他把Philomena挽留下来,把故事继续写下去,但Martin心中明白,留下来继续追查将是对Philomena的另一次打击。令他感到意外的是,还没等他开口,Philomena却自己改了主意,决定在美国多待一段时间,因为她想了解儿子生前的生活,想知道他是否曾想念她。
经过探访Anthony生前的同事,他们对Anthony有了更多了解:他是一个聪明并有魅力的男人,事业有成,还曾有一位同性恋人Pete。他们还探访了当年与Anthony一起被收养的Mary,得知Anthony人生中的最后几年过得并不如意,死于艾滋病。Philomena向Mary问起Anthony生前是否提起过自己的身世,答案是否定的。
探访Mary回来的路上,Philomena打算去教堂忏悔,Martin为此与她争论起来。他对修道院的做法充满愤怒,甚至认为Philomena的信仰是盲目的。
Philomena: Id like to go to confession. We passed a church on the way here.
Martin: Why do you want to go to confession?
Philomena: To confess my sins, of course.
Martin: What sins? The Catholic Church should go to confession, not you. “Forgive me, Father, for I have sinned. I incarcerated (监禁) a load of young women against their will, used them as slave labour, then sold their babies to the highest bidder (出价者).”
Philomena: I just hope God isnt listening to you.
Martin: Well, I dont believe in God. So, look, no thunderbolt.
Philomena: What are you trying to prove?
Martin: Nothing, just that you dont need religion to lead a happy and balanced life.
Philomena: And youre happy and balanced, are you?
Martin: Im a journalist, Philomena. We ask questions. We dont believe something just because were told its the truth. Yet what does the Bible say? “Happy are those who do not see yet believe.” Hooray for blind faith and ignorance!
Philomena: And what do you believe in? Picking holes (挑毛病) in everyone else and being a smart aleck (自作聪明的人)? Taking photos whenever you like?
这一次,Philomena无法再忍受Martin对上帝的亵渎。然而,当她走进教堂,坐在神父身边,却悲伤得说不出话来。她站起身来,沉默地走出了教堂。或许这是她第一次感到绝望,并对上帝失望。曾经生产的苦楚、离别的悲痛、漫长的等待时光,到现在都变成永不弥合的伤痛和遗憾。她曾用多年的时光去忏悔自己的罪过,坚信人性的善良和上帝的仁慈,到头来却是一场空,命运之神再一次给她悲恸一击。Philomena请求Martin不要刊登这个故事,她会还清旅途中的所有花销。她相信Anthony早已遗忘了她,于是决定尽快回英国。
夜晚,Martin独自坐在酒吧消遣,无意间从电脑中的照片上看到Anthony胸前佩戴着具有爱尔兰特色的凯尔特竖琴徽章。他将这个发现告诉了Philomena,并告诉她,Anthony从未忘记自己的出身。他们决定去找Anthony生前的男友Pete,继续了解Anthony的生活。
他们到了Pete的住所,却吃了闭门羹。在Philomena的苦心请求下,Pete终于肯让他们进门。他们坐在Anthony曾居住的房子里,一起观看他生前的录像。看着儿子从小到大的生活瞬间,Philomena流下了眼泪。就在录像的结尾,Philomena和Martin惊讶地发现Anthony在罗斯克里修道院的画面。Pete告诉他们,Anthony一直在寻找他的母亲,并在重病期间回到爱尔兰寻母。然而,修道院的修女却告诉Anthony,他从小被母亲抛弃,她们不清楚他母亲的下落。Pete还告诉Philomena,Anthony就葬在罗斯克里,那是他生前的愿望——回归故土。
信仰与宽恕
真相大白,绕了一个圈,Martin和Philomena又回到了起点。在经历了艰辛的寻子之路后,Philomena回到了制造她悲剧的地方——罗斯克里修道院。她对Martin说,那不是修女们的错,她们并不知道Anthony有另一个名字。愤怒的Martin不理会Philomena的话,直接找到了录像中与Anthony一同出现的老修女Hildegarde并质问她。
Martin: Ill tell you whats disgusting, is lying to a dying man. You could have given him a few precious moments with his mother before he passed away, but you chose not to. Thats disgusting. Not very Christian, is it?
Hildegarde: Wait! Let me tell you something. I have kept my vow of chastity (贞洁) my whole life. Self-denial and mortification (禁欲) of the flesh, thats what brings us closer to God. Those girls have nobody to blame but themselves and their own carnal incontinence (不能自制).
在所有谎言被揭穿之后,Hildegarde仍然没有显露愧意。她一生信奉上帝,献身于信仰,用厚重的衣衫包裹身体和欲望,却用上帝的名义作恶。她用谎言亵渎了生命的尊严,也亵渎了她信奉的上帝。
就在这时,Philomena闻声赶来。面对理直气壮的Hildegarde,Philomena只是淡然地对她说:“Ive found my son. Thats what I came here for.”Martin却怒不可遏,不顾劝阻,大声训斥Hildegarde,要求她向Philomena道歉。
Martin: Hang on. Ill tell you what you can do. Say sorry. How about that? Apologise. Stop trying to cover things up. Get out there and clear all the weeds and crap off the graves of the mothers and babies that died in childbirth.
Hildegarde: Their suffering was atonement (赎罪) for their sins.
Martin: One of the mothers was 14 years old!
Philomena: Martin, thats enough.
Hildegarde: The Lord Jesus Christ will be my judge, not the likes of you.
Martin: Really? Because I think if Jesus was here now, hed tip you out of that fucking wheelchair and you wouldnt get up and walk.
Philomena: Stop! Stop! Im sorry. I didnt want to bring him in here like this to make a scene.
Martin: Why are you apologising? Anthony was dying of AIDS and she still wouldnt tell him about you.
Philomena: But it happened to me. Not you. Its up to me what I do about it. Its my choice.
Martin: So what? Youre just going to do nothing?
Philomena: No. Sister Hildegarde, I want you to know ... that I forgive you.
Martin: What? Just like that?
Philomena: Its not “just like that.” Thats hard. Thats hard for me. But I dont want to hate people. I dont want to be like you. Look at you.
面对悲剧的制造者,Philomena选择了宽恕。她一生都生活在命运的摆弄和痛苦的思念里,但她并没有被苦难击倒,亦不曾逃避痛苦本身,也从未选择憎恨。她通过对上帝的信仰和对善念的坚持找到了心灵的平静。或许她在某一刻也曾对上帝产生怀疑,对命运的安排失去信心,对这个不公平的世界心灰意冷,但她终究明白,宽恕才是自我救赎的路径。而那些制造悲剧的人,用阴谋和谎言操控她命运的人,只能在信仰中迷失,在真理面前崩溃。
在儿子的墓碑前,Philomena落下了眼泪,她终于寻到了他。Martin买了耶稣塑像送给Philomena,让她摆放到墓前。尽管他不相信上帝,但他相信人性的善良和美好。或许他不认同Philomena的做法,但他尊重她,为她的善良和宽容所感动。他向Philomena保证不会发表这个故事,因为这是属于她的故事。在人性的美好面前,他愿意放下自己一直坚持的信仰——事实和真相。然而,此刻Philomena却改变主意,请他发表这个故事,让世人了解真相。在她看来,那些以上帝名义无端作恶的人所拥有的并不是真正的信仰;她亦明白,揭穿真相就是在揭露人性的恶,或许这样能警戒世人并抑制人性的恶。于是,两个不同世界的人达成了和解,并相互理解和包容;两个不同信仰的人在人性的善良和美好面前达成了默契,共同完成了一次穿越信仰的救赎之旅。
影片最后,在两人离开修道院的路上,Philomena又向Martin讲起她刚看过的童话般的故事。掩埋于地下的恶总会有真相大白的一天,而人性中的美好必定会像明媚的阳光照耀世界。《菲洛梅娜》是一部关于寻找、爱、信仰与宽恕的电影。在影片中,悲剧宿命与宗教救赎以一种平和、淡然的方式呈现,汹涌的感情则被压抑其中。然而,那穿越信仰的人性之光终会指引人们在现实中找到心灵归宿。