APP下载

316L不锈钢力学性能的数值模拟*

2014-07-17洪京京胡滨

科技与创新 2014年8期
关键词:贵州大学云图试样

洪京京++胡滨

摘要:316L不锈钢作为典型的金属材料之一,被广泛应用于生产、生活的各个领域,因此,有必要对其基本力学性能和疲劳性能进行分析。采用有限元软件ANSYS对316L不锈钢试样在轴向恒幅交变载荷条件下进行静力模拟,通过对比几组不同尺寸试样的模拟结果来确定最终试样的具体尺寸,然后对已确定试样进行疲劳分析。

关键词:316L不锈钢;力学性能;疲劳性能;数值模拟

中图分类号:TG142.15文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-6835(2014)08-0105-02

金属材料由于强度高、硬度大,耐腐蚀性好,被广泛应用于生产、生活的各个领域,小到车轴和钢轨,大到飞机和钢结构,在生活的方方面面都体现出金属材料的发展烙印。316L不锈钢作为金属材料的典型代表,它的力学性能也备受关注。在使用金属材料的过程中发现,当金属材料所受循环荷载远远小于其屈服强度或极限强度时,会突然断裂,从而导致事故发生,这就是材料疲劳。美国试验与材料协会(ASTM)是这样定义疲劳的:“在某点或某些点承受扰动应力,且在足够多的循环扰动作用之后形成裂纹或完全断裂的材料中所发生的局部的、永久结构变化的发展过程,称为疲劳。”由于疲劳破坏发生时,材料或结构没有明显的塑性变形,因不能达到预警效果而发生事故,直接影响到人民生命财产安全。疲劳试验需要花费大量的人力、物力,而且疲劳数据具有分散性,因此,对疲劳问题进行有限元模拟是一种很有效的方法。

本文首先对316L不锈钢材料使用规范中的标准试样进行静力学模拟,分析试样尺寸对应力的影响,确定试样的合理尺寸,然后以S-N曲线上的疲劳极限为基准对材料进行疲劳模拟。

1根据静力学模拟确定试样合理尺寸

根据规范《金属材料 疲劳试验 轴向力控制方法》(GB/T 3075—2008)中对疲劳试样的要求(见图1),将试样最小处宽度b取为10 mm,弧形段水平投影有效长度取为50 mm,预设计试样尺寸半径r值分别取40 mm、50 mm和60 mm。

图1矩形横截面试样

通过ANSYS有限元软件来计算各个方案在轴向力量作用下的应力分布情况。316L不锈钢在室温状态下常规力学性能见表1.由于试样的形状对称,施加的荷载也对称,因此建模过程中应取试样有效段的1/4为模型,以达到简化的效果。模拟中,划分网格时采用六面体单元,这是因为规则的单元计算结果更加精确。为了取得较好的结果,同时节省时间、提高计算机工作效率,在应力相对集中区域,单元划分较密;在远离应力集中区域,单元也可以适当安排得稀疏些,图2为划分网格之后的模型图。约束施加对称约束即可,根据316L不锈钢材料的屈服极限,由于本项目研究的是有限寿命设计,初步设定疲劳荷载为130 MPa。为了和疲劳方面相对应,此处静力学分析中所施加的均布荷载也为130 MPa。各种情况下危险区域模拟结果如图3、图4和图5所示。

———————————————————————————

表1室温下316L不锈钢常规力学性能

材料 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 弹性模量E/GPa 泊松比

316L不锈钢 269.17 603.50 206 0.3

图2模型网格划分图

a. r=40时x方向应力分布云图b. r=40时等效应力分布云图

图3r=40静力模拟结果

a. r=50时x方向应力分布云图 b. r=50时等效应力分布云图

图4r=50静力模拟结果

a. r=60时x方向应力分布云图b. r=60时等效应力分布云图

图5r=60静力模拟结果

首先观察x方向的应力云图,由于所施加荷载方向为x方向,因此x方向的应力云图起着决定性作用;接着观察Mises等效应力,Mises等效应力综合反映了各个方向的应力总体作用效果,与其他方向应力的关系见式1(如果用主应力表示见式2). 因此,Mises等效应力也可作为描述材料加载状态的一个重要指标。

.(1)

.(2)

对各种尺寸下应力云图进行比较可以发现,危险区域(即图中红色区域)随着半径r的增大逐步向试样中部移动,为了取得较好的实验结果,即破坏首先产生在试样中部,选取试样

* [基金项目]贵州民族大学科研基金资助项目〔2012(10)〕

最小处宽度b为10 mm,弧形段水平投影有效长度为50 mm,半径r为60 mm作为标准试样进行疲劳分析。

2利用ANSYS软件进行疲劳分析模拟

图6静力学相关结果

图7疲劳曲线输入结果

图8疲劳结果文件

疲劳破坏按照研究对象的性质可以分为材料疲劳和结构疲劳;按照施加荷载的变化情况可以分为恒幅疲劳、变幅疲劳和随机疲劳;按照材料能够承受的循环荷载的周次数可以分为高周疲劳(应力疲劳)和低周疲劳(应变疲劳)。本文研究的是316L不锈钢材料在承受恒幅荷载情况下所发生的高周疲劳,在

确定试样尺寸之后,使用ANSYS软件对试样进行疲劳分析。分析r=60 mm时的静力模拟结果中x方向应力分布云图与等效应力分布云图,发现危险区域产生在试样中部,因此首先对此区域存在的点(取节点16)进行疲劳分析。此处采用的交变载荷平均应力为零,应力幅130 MPa,拉应力130 MPa,压应力130 MPa。图6为两种工况下的静力学结果文件,图7为模拟所用的疲劳曲线,图8为节点16疲劳计算的结果文件。文件中显示,该点疲劳寿命为0.297 4E5次,当预先设定该点疲劳寿命为2E5时,材料的疲劳使用寿命系数为0.672 72.

3结论

通过数值模拟结果分析表明,当有效长度一定时,随着半径r的增大,危险区域逐渐向试样中心处移动。利用有限元的这些性质,可以在若干符合要求的试样中选取效果最优尺寸。利用数值模拟方法进行疲劳分析,可以计算出危险点和某些特殊点处的疲劳寿命,大大提高了研究效率。

参考文献

[1]周传月,郑红霞,罗慧强,等.MSC.Fatigue疲劳分析应用与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.

[2]辛素敏.316L不锈钢表面纳米化后疲劳机理分析[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2009.

[3]韩同伟.316L不锈钢表面纳米化后的低周疲劳性能研究[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学,2006.

〔编辑:刘晓芳〕

Numerical Simulation on Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel

Hong Jingjing, Hu Bin

Abstract:316L stainless steel as typical metal material, widely used in various fields of production, so it is necessary to analyze the basic mechanical properties and fatigue properties. The article uses the finite element software(Ansys)of 316 l stainless steel specimens under axial constant amplitude cyclic loading, through comparing the simulation results of several groups of different size to determine the sample size, and fatigue analysis was carried out on the confirmed sample.

Key words:316L stainless steel; mechanical properties; fatigue properties; numerical simulation

(上接第103页)

参考文献

[1]王玉学.线损管理与降损技术问答[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011.

[2]刘丙江.线损管理与节约用电[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2005.

〔编辑:李珏〕

On the County Power Enterprises Line Loss Management

Yang Kunming

Abstract: The line loss management is important indicators to measure the level of integrated management of power supply enterprise, reflecting the national grid system adhere to the scientific concept of development and construction of energy-saving ideas corporate purposes. On the county line loss management in terms of power supply enterprise, highlighting local characteristics, and strive to build a “technology, management, to ensure that” the three systems, county power should be the focus of business management, is truly achieve energy saving, to management effectiveness, establishing an effective and efficient way to save the enterprise.

Key words: grid; line loss; county; management

(上接第104页)

参考文献

[1]马凤亭.电力物资的集约化管理[J].中国科技博览,2011,38(22):45-46.

[2]刘丽珍.论电力物资集约化管理的难点及对策[J].中国证券期货,2013,23(02):71-72.

〔编辑:李珏〕

Intensive Management Mode Power Supplies and Application Analysis

Huang Zhiyang

Abstract: The application of intensive management mode, making the management of electricity supplies toward standardization, information technology, systematic direction. Describes the power supplies and the advantages of intensive management, and proposed measures to strengthen the centralized management of power supplies, for reference.

Key words: electricity; supplies; intensive; management

参考文献

[1]周传月,郑红霞,罗慧强,等.MSC.Fatigue疲劳分析应用与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.

[2]辛素敏.316L不锈钢表面纳米化后疲劳机理分析[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2009.

[3]韩同伟.316L不锈钢表面纳米化后的低周疲劳性能研究[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学,2006.

〔编辑:刘晓芳〕

Numerical Simulation on Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel

Hong Jingjing, Hu Bin

Abstract:316L stainless steel as typical metal material, widely used in various fields of production, so it is necessary to analyze the basic mechanical properties and fatigue properties. The article uses the finite element software(Ansys)of 316 l stainless steel specimens under axial constant amplitude cyclic loading, through comparing the simulation results of several groups of different size to determine the sample size, and fatigue analysis was carried out on the confirmed sample.

Key words:316L stainless steel; mechanical properties; fatigue properties; numerical simulation

(上接第103页)

参考文献

[1]王玉学.线损管理与降损技术问答[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011.

[2]刘丙江.线损管理与节约用电[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2005.

〔编辑:李珏〕

On the County Power Enterprises Line Loss Management

Yang Kunming

Abstract: The line loss management is important indicators to measure the level of integrated management of power supply enterprise, reflecting the national grid system adhere to the scientific concept of development and construction of energy-saving ideas corporate purposes. On the county line loss management in terms of power supply enterprise, highlighting local characteristics, and strive to build a “technology, management, to ensure that” the three systems, county power should be the focus of business management, is truly achieve energy saving, to management effectiveness, establishing an effective and efficient way to save the enterprise.

Key words: grid; line loss; county; management

(上接第104页)

参考文献

[1]马凤亭.电力物资的集约化管理[J].中国科技博览,2011,38(22):45-46.

[2]刘丽珍.论电力物资集约化管理的难点及对策[J].中国证券期货,2013,23(02):71-72.

〔编辑:李珏〕

Intensive Management Mode Power Supplies and Application Analysis

Huang Zhiyang

Abstract: The application of intensive management mode, making the management of electricity supplies toward standardization, information technology, systematic direction. Describes the power supplies and the advantages of intensive management, and proposed measures to strengthen the centralized management of power supplies, for reference.

Key words: electricity; supplies; intensive; management

参考文献

[1]周传月,郑红霞,罗慧强,等.MSC.Fatigue疲劳分析应用与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.

[2]辛素敏.316L不锈钢表面纳米化后疲劳机理分析[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2009.

[3]韩同伟.316L不锈钢表面纳米化后的低周疲劳性能研究[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学,2006.

〔编辑:刘晓芳〕

Numerical Simulation on Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel

Hong Jingjing, Hu Bin

Abstract:316L stainless steel as typical metal material, widely used in various fields of production, so it is necessary to analyze the basic mechanical properties and fatigue properties. The article uses the finite element software(Ansys)of 316 l stainless steel specimens under axial constant amplitude cyclic loading, through comparing the simulation results of several groups of different size to determine the sample size, and fatigue analysis was carried out on the confirmed sample.

Key words:316L stainless steel; mechanical properties; fatigue properties; numerical simulation

(上接第103页)

参考文献

[1]王玉学.线损管理与降损技术问答[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011.

[2]刘丙江.线损管理与节约用电[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2005.

〔编辑:李珏〕

On the County Power Enterprises Line Loss Management

Yang Kunming

Abstract: The line loss management is important indicators to measure the level of integrated management of power supply enterprise, reflecting the national grid system adhere to the scientific concept of development and construction of energy-saving ideas corporate purposes. On the county line loss management in terms of power supply enterprise, highlighting local characteristics, and strive to build a “technology, management, to ensure that” the three systems, county power should be the focus of business management, is truly achieve energy saving, to management effectiveness, establishing an effective and efficient way to save the enterprise.

Key words: grid; line loss; county; management

(上接第104页)

参考文献

[1]马凤亭.电力物资的集约化管理[J].中国科技博览,2011,38(22):45-46.

[2]刘丽珍.论电力物资集约化管理的难点及对策[J].中国证券期货,2013,23(02):71-72.

〔编辑:李珏〕

Intensive Management Mode Power Supplies and Application Analysis

Huang Zhiyang

Abstract: The application of intensive management mode, making the management of electricity supplies toward standardization, information technology, systematic direction. Describes the power supplies and the advantages of intensive management, and proposed measures to strengthen the centralized management of power supplies, for reference.

Key words: electricity; supplies; intensive; management

猜你喜欢

贵州大学云图试样
过云图
谢以家绘画作品欣赏
基于细观定量分析方法的地基土蠕变特性与模型研究
结合有限元软件对7A04铝合金疲劳性能的研究
档案见证贵州大学百年文脉
提取方法对枸杞多糖含量及体外抗氧化能力的影响
例析双组分混合体系检验方案设计
百年贵大生生不息
CAD派客云图发布V2.2.0版本
云图青石板