电动汽车将来可以无线充电

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电动汽车将来可以无线充电

重庆与世界网讯（记者 吴俊琰）10月17日—18日，在由英国工程技术学会（IET）在重庆主办的IET混合动力和电动汽车国际会议上，电动汽车充电的问题是众多国内外知名专家学者谈论的焦点。有专家称，电动汽车今后充电根本不是什么问题，而且特别方便，还可以无线充电。

似乎是看重了重庆作为中国汽车工业重镇的发展潜力，美国著名纯电动汽车生产商特斯拉（Tesla Motors）也于10月25日在重庆财富中心布局超级充电站，为电动汽车车主提供免费充电服务。据了解，特斯拉充电桩已在中国10个城市兴建了22个超级充电站，在61个城市建成超过400个目的地充电桩，中国已成为美国以外充电桩数量最多的国家。

——得益于大型汽车企业涉足电动汽车制造以及中国政府的大力补贴扶持，电动汽车在中国已有燎原之势。

那么，如何高效、快速地给电动汽车充电呢？来自英国交通研究中心（TRL UK）的Denis Naberezhnykh先生向与会者介绍了英国无线充电技术开发应用的最新动态，让人神往不已。

Denis先生介绍道，英国政府在年初时规划了一条纯电动汽车交通路线，即往返于Milton Keynes的Wolverton郊区和Bletchley之间的7号线路，该线路全长25公里，共有8辆巴士，每天运行17个小时，一周七天不间断，预计年内运力将达到80万人次。相比于化石能源汽车，8辆巴士可以减少街道上大约5吨的微粒和有毒尾气排放以及270吨的二氧化碳排放。同时，得益于技术改进，该巴士在短途运输的运力和续航能力上的表现也毫不逊色于燃油汽车。当然，该线路采用的先进无线充电技术也为巴士实现长时间续航提供了保障。

据Denis先生介绍，7号巴士的无线充电通过巴士本身和线路共同实现：车身采用了两组蓄电池以扩大容量，延长续航能力；在车底搭载有无线电力接收器，接受从地面充电器发送过来的能量。7号线路作为特殊规划的道路，在线路起点和终点均设有地面无线充电装置，每当巴士运行到往返线路终点时，在停靠间歇，车载充电装置将会降至距地面4cm的位置，接受地面无线充电器传来的能量。

单程运行整条线路大约会消耗掉巴士三分之二的能量，但只需要在充电点停10分钟，电力又可以被充满。

7号线路的运行规模很小，但是意义重大。目前，随着电动汽车技术逐渐成熟，无线充电技术也开始投入到人类的基本生产生活中，除英国以外，意大利、荷兰、德国也都开始使用类似的系统。虽然投入的规模还很小，但至少是一个好的开端。

英国无线充电巴士充电原理示意图

On October 17 to 18, the 2014 IET International Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Conference was held in Chongqing. Themed upon “Electric Vehicles: Opportunities for Scaled Application”, the conference invited British and Chinese experts in transport research and electric car industry, covering topics such as key technologies, transport system, charging station construction, grid construction, battery technologies, business model innovation and social promotion of electric vehicles.

Nigel Fine, Chief Executive and Secretary of the IET was interviewed during the conference about his opinions toward the prospect of hybrid and electric vehicles.

Upon being seated, Mr Fine politely greeted the guests with a native London accent and introduced the IET. “Since 2005, IET set up an office in China and started the partnership here with local governments, enterprises and universities in electric vehicles, health and renewable energy to share knowledge and hopefully to create more opportunities in the engineering fi eld.” said him.

Despite the first visit to Chongqing, Fine showed a huge interest toward this city, especially in his specialized area. “I know China very focused on environment and industrial upgrading with a growing concern of clean energy and developing automotive industry. I think that only by combining refi ned resources home and abroad Chongqing can form a synergy of international cooperation, which propels electric vehicle development in China. IET boasts extensive engineer resources in the world and can offer the latest and the most enriched knowledge and experience to electric vehicle industry in Chongqing and China as a whole.”

With efforts through a decade, Chongqing has gained enormous progresses in the development of electric vehicles and formed the foundation of industrialization. The city is alsoequipped with favorable conditions and comparative advantages to accelerate development.

无线充电汽车充电示意图

“Also a hub city of automotive industry in China, Chongqing has a greater demand for energy with high effi ciency, so hybrid and electric vehicles are quite promising in the city. As more people here need to be informed, this conference intends to share knowledge and information in this fi eld from British and Chinese experts, who will work together to the future of hybrid and electric vehicles. Since traditional automotive engine brings about signifi cant pollutions, I believe our Chinese friends will pursue a green future just like us.”

During the interview, Fine constantly mentioned that emissions reduction is a common goal for the international society. The automotive industry can only progress through revolution. Electrification is the future trend, while its mainstream is hybrid and electric vehicles. Hybrid power complementarily combines the internal combustion engine and electric motors.

Upon knowing Chongqing as one of the earliest cities of electric vehicles in China with leading hybrid technologies, Fine was extremely fascinated.

Chongqing municipal government has set up a framework to practice electric vehicles. There are hybrid buses running about in the city, Tesla, the American electric giant, has also come to Chongqing. “Such good news shows an encouraging momentum of Chongqing in developing hybrid and electric vehicles.” Fine added. He also pointed out, however, due to existing battery technology and charging network layout, it is still diffi cult to promote pure electric vehicles. Chongqing needs to develop massive infrastructure to develop electric vehicle, and the government must play an active part in setting up charging stations. “For instance, if I drive an electric vehicle from Chongqing to Beijing, there should be enough charging stations along the way to the destination. The charging needs power from national grid. In UK, we are also using more and more electric vehicles, but that also means a higher requirement toward infrastructure and users. The development of electric vehicles needs great support from the government, such as building charging stations and supplying the power. We must construct a strong and convenient charging network so that consumers can charge at home, offi ces, supermarkets, parking lots, restaurants, artery roads and highways any time. “

Fine explained that between pure electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles, there lies a transitional period which is quite good but rather diffi cult to make the leap. This is also the objective of this conference. By gathering IET experts, a bridge of communication and cooperation was set up for local automotive practitioners and world engineers to share technologies and experiences on global electric vehicles and address existing problems together.

An Interview with Nigel Fine, Chief Executive and Secretary of the IET “I am upbeat about new energy cars in Chongqing”

Written by Reporter Li Jing