英语否定重点的判断和翻译
2014-05-26兰龙菊
兰龙菊
摘 要:英语否定句究竟否定什么,对英语理解和翻译非常重要。
关键词:英语否定句
中图分类号:G632 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1002-7661(2014)07-345-01
英语否定句究竟否定什么,对英语理解和翻译非常重要。一些英语否定句用谓语否定,可翻译却是特指否定,是对其它成分的否定。另一些句子形式特指否定,实际却是一般否定。准确理解翻译英语否定句,就要对否定重点准确判断。
1、英语中部分否定是由否定词not与all, both, every, each, everyone……等构成的。当否定词位于这些词之前时,一般不会译错。当否定词位于谓语部分构成否定谓语时,通常要转译,译成否定的主语或状语。例:Every substance does not dissolve in water. 并非每种物质都溶于水。Both his parents are not at home.他的父母不是都在家。
2、一般来说,凡是no构成的复合不定代词和以no, none, neither…nor…等词为修饰语的名词充当句子的主语或宾语时,否定的重点往往是谓语。例:He looked round, but could see nobody.他四处张望,但一个人也没看见。He looked as if nothing had happened.他看起来好像什么事情也没发生。
3、否定句带有because引导的原因状语从句时,从句往往是否定的重点。例:He was not ready to believe everything just because Aristotle told so.他并不因为亚里斯多德说过就轻易相信他。The mountain is not valuable because it is high.山不因为高而有价值。
4、在“介词+no+名词”构成的短语中,否定介词宾语名词的no通常译成否定谓语,这种短语如在句首,主谓语倒装。例:At no time can I agree to what he said.无论如何我不能同意他所说的。The road of our advance is by no means straight and smooth.我们前进的路一定不是平坦的。
5、在look, feel, seem等连系动词为否定形式时,其否定重点往往是其后的表语。例:
He is not feeling well this morning.今早他感觉不好。
The baby doesnt appear to be awake.看来孩子没醒。
6、在seem as if, look as if, sound as if, feel as if, it seems that结构中,主句为否定形式时,从句常是否定重点。例:You dont look as if you know each other.你们彼此好像不认识
It doesnt seem that we can get our money back.看来我们的钱要不回来了。
7、含有由as引导的比较、方式或定语从句的句子中,主句谓语动词若为否定形式,则否定的重点往往在这些从句。例:He doesnt study as hard as his brother.他不像他哥哥努力学习。This city is not such a beautiful one as that city.这座城市没有哪座城市美丽。
8、英语某些表示信念、推测或心理活动等意义的动词(如think, believe, suppose, consider, expect等)为否定式,并且后面带有宾语从句或动词不定式表示的宾语补足语,否定的重点往往在宾语从句或宾语补足语。例:Im sorry, but I dont consider your answer is right.抱歉,我想你答案不对。We dont think, this machine to be very good.我们认为这台机器不好。