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适于赤峰地区机械化种植的玉米新品种筛选

2014-04-29宁朝辉等

安徽农业科学 2014年21期
关键词:农艺性状机械化

宁朝辉等

摘要[目的]对4个供试玉米(Zea mays L.)新品种的农艺性状进行测定和分析,筛选适宜赤峰地区机械化种植的玉米新品种。[方法]4个玉米品种分别为先玉335、农华101、KX4574和NK718,行距50.0 cm,株距26.7 cm,表现为穗长最长,秃尖最小,穗粒重最重;其中穗粒数、百粒重和出子率均较低,这是影响其产量的主要因素。[结论]该研究可为提高赤峰地区玉米机械化利用率,切实实现增产、增效、增收入提供参考。

关键词玉米新品种;机械化;农艺性状;赤峰地区

中图分类号S513文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)21-06968-02

Screening on New Maize(Zea mays L.) Cultivars Suitable for Mechanization Planting in Chifeng Area

NING Chaohui, DONG Zhe et al(Chifeng Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024031)

Abstract[Objective] The aim was to determine and analyze the agronomic traits of 4 new maize cultivars, and to screen the new maize cultivars suitable for mechanization planting in Chifeng Area. [Method] Four new maize cultivars were Xianyu 335, Nonghua 101, KX4574 and NK718, the planting area were 0.187, 0.133, 0.187 and 0.213 hm2, resp., the row spacing was 50.0 cm, and the distance between two plants was 26.7 cm, so the theoretical planting density was 75 000 plants/hm2. [Result] Four new maize cultivars were all suitable for planting in Chifeng Area. All cultivars grew better, and had strong resistance. The yield of Xianyu 355 was the highest which was 14 875.5 kg/hm2, showed that the kernels per spike was the most and the seed rate was the highest; the yield of NK718 was 13 758.0 kg/hm2, showed that the spike number per area was the most, and the 100kernel weight was the weightiest; the yield of KX4574 was 12 985.5 kg/hm2, showed that the spike length was the longest, and the barren tip was the smallest, and the kernel weight was the weightiest; the yield of Nonghua 101 was 12 192.0 kg/hm2, its the kernels per spike, the 100kernel weight and the seed rate were all lower, this was the main factors influencing its yield. [Conclusion] The study provides a reference for improving maize mechanization utilization rate in Chifeng Area, and realizing to increase yield, efficiency and income conscientiously.

Key wordsNew maize cultivars; Mechanization; Agronomic traits; Chifeng Area

随着我国土地流转、农民进城务工和农业生产条件的不断改善,尤其在国家提倡农业规模化种植的形势下,玉米新品种选育不仅要求在提高密度和单产方面有所突破,而且要有适于规模化种植、机械化收获的玉米新品种,所以选育适于机械化收获的玉米新品种更是当务之急。玉米适于走规模化和机械化发展之路,玉米全部采用机械化收获[1]。随着小麦大面积收获采用机械化,玉米机械化收获将是我国当前生产力发展的必然要求。适于机械化收获的玉米新品种的选育与推广将会显著提高玉米产量和品质,提高农业生产效率,也有利于农村集约化生产的发展和适度规模经营的增长,增加农民收入。

适于机械收获的玉米品种在多种性状上应该区别于传统种植的玉米品种。一般表现为玉米株高、穗位适中,整齐,植株清秀,叶片窄短,叶间距大,通风透光性好,适宜密植且抗倒伏,果穗苞叶松、层数少、不能过长,穗长轴细,收获时穗轴、子粒脱水快,子粒含水量低,出子率高。这些性状决定了在比较选择玉米新组合时,不仅考虑产量性状,还要求其综合农艺性状符合机收标准,玉米种植比较效益突出。

1材料与方法

合理灌溉:结合玉米田间生长和天气情况,分别在6月25日、7月22日、8月26日浇水灌溉。

1.6数据处理方法用Microsoft Excel和SPSS进行分析。

2结果与分析

3小结与讨论

3.1品种适应性农华101、KX4574、先玉335和NK718植株性状、抗逆性、丰产性均符合要求,都较适合在赤峰市松山区种植,推荐作为当地适于机械化种植的玉米新品种。先玉335、农华101、KX4574已经在松山区大面积推广,NK718表现较好。

3.3农艺性状株高和穗位高可以作为衡量和提高玉米茎秆质量的重要指标[3]。也有研究表明,玉米茎秆节间长度、株高等农艺性状指标与玉米茎秆抗倒伏力学性状关系密切[4]。该研究表明,4个玉米品种株高、穗位高在生產中均适宜,均无倒伏现象,倒折是由于玉米螟危害造成的。

参考文献

[1] 王文娟,姬社林.适于机械化收获的玉米新品种选育[J].中国种业,2012(6):18-19.

[2] 孙进良,刘师多,丁慧玲,等.我国玉米收获机械化的应用现状与展望[J].农机化研究,2009,31(3):217-219.

[3] BERZONSKY W A,HAWK J A.Agronomic features of two maize synthetics selected for high and low stalk-crushing strength [J].Crop Science,1986,26(5):871-875.

[4] 王立新,郭强,苏青.玉米抗倒性与茎秆显微结构的关系[J].植物学通报,1990(7):34-36.

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