人教版高中英语选修八第五单元语法课教学设计

韩涛

一、整体设计思路、指导依据说明

《新课程标准》强调英语课程必须面向全体学生，要从学生的学习兴趣和生活经验出发，倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径，发展学生的综合语言运用能力，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，帮助学生建立学习的成就感和自信心。语法教学是高中英语教学的重要组成部分，时态是高中学生必须掌握的语法内容，而现在完成进行时又是近五年来高考考查的重点。高中二年级第二学期模块8第5单元Learning about language部分中的discovering useful structures部分主要是围绕现在完成进行时展开的。基于以上三个方面，这堂语法课遵循二语习得的理论和中国学生的语言认知规律，变传统的接受式教学法为“发现——体验——探究——合作”式教学法，即以4P语法教学（preparation， presentation， practice， production）组织课堂，主张课堂教学应该指导学生在充分体验语言材料的基础上，即充分的语言信息输入的基础上，归纳有关语言知识，提高学生的语言技能。在设计思路上充分考虑到学生的生活经验和兴趣，为学生精心设置各种情景，通过一系列的任务活动，达到有效的语言输出，即语法应用能力的培养。

二、教学背景分析

教学内容分析：在高中阶段中，“现在完成进行时”是重点时态知识。备课前，笔者研读了近五年的高考试题（2008-2012）发现现在完成进行时是近5年来高考时态考查新热点。人教版新课标高中英语模块1-7的课本并未涉及现在完成进行时的专门教学内容，而本节课学习的内容是人教版教材模块8第5单元Learning about language部分中的一个课时。考虑到教学内容较多，既包含新词汇的学习、巩固和运用，又包含语法的讲解，一节课很难落实教学目标，所以笔者对教材进行了重组，把learning about language 部分中的discovering useful structures单独作为一个课时来学习现在完成进行时，以加强学生的理解和应用。著名语言学家Littlewood 曾经说过：“语言能力是具备交际能力的首要条件。因为一连串不合语法的句子很难达到交际的目的。好的交际能力必须要有扎实的语言知识作基础”。因此本课语法教学将对掌握好这一单元语言知识及交际活动的顺利进行，都起着支持的作用。故本节语法课的定位是：通过学生体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的方式进一步明晰“现在完成进行时”所表达的意义和句型结构特点以及现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别。

学生情况分析：全班学生的基础知识扎实，学习能力强。大部分同学学习英语的兴趣较高。对于“现在完成进行时”，学生在平时做题时有所接触，仅仅是处于一般的了解阶段，因为学生更熟悉现在完成时，所以经常混淆现在完成时和现在完成进行时。而人教版教材在模块8之前几乎没有专门涉及到现在完成进行时的教学内容，所以学生对平时练习时所见到的“现在完成进行时”理解不深刻，还不能准确清楚的说明现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别。个别学生有时态的概念，但运用时仍然无法准确使用现在完成时和现在完成进行时。高二学生思维活跃，敢于提出不同见解。两年的高中英语学习，使学生储备了一定的词汇和英语知识，能较好地展开话题讨论，各抒己见。笔者采取多媒体辅助教学，创设多种语境，激发学生交流和学习的兴趣，使他们始终处于主动的思考、探究和创造的状态中，创设充满活力的课堂气氛。

三、教学目标分析

1.通过观察例句，全班学生能够说出现在完成进行时的构成形式；

2.通过完成本节课所设置的语言任务，全班学生能够准确地应用现在完成进行时造句和翻译；

3.通过本节课的学习，全体学生能够说出现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别；

4.观察图片和观看新闻视频片段，全班学生能够运用现在完成进行时来描述见闻；

5.帮助学生对学习语法产生浓厚兴趣，关注国内时事，主动积极地帮助身处困境的人，有用英语表达自己观点和想法的欲望。

四、教学重点、难点分析

教学重点：

1.现在完成进行时的构成形式及其功能。

2.现在完成进行时在各种语境中的使用。

3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别。

教学难点：

1.观察和对比在具体语境中准确使用现在完成进行时。

2.观察，归纳并总结出现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别。

五、教学过程设计

步骤1：Preparation教师呈现四个含有现在完成进行时的句子。（1 min）

T： I have been teaching English in a high school since I graduated from the college.

I have been teaching English in a high school for seven years.

Hengshui High School has been attracting many students to study here.

How long have you been studying in Hengshui High School？

S： I have been studying in Hengshui High School for 2 years.

设计意图：以教师自我介绍的方式引入易于激发学生的好奇心和求知欲，所呈现的现在完成进行时的四个例句生动具体，易于学生理解。师生通过两个结合现在完成进行时的情境充分了解彼此，激发了学生的兴趣，为学生通过观察得出结论创造条件，也为下一步的任务奠定基础。

步骤2：教师呈现人物描述，学生猜测班级的同学进行猜谜游戏。（3 mins）

T： （1） ______ has been showing interest in Kobe.

（2） ______ has been paying attention to the current affairs at home and abroad.

（3） ______ has been losing weight.

（4） ______ has been cycling to school every day.

（5） ______ has been suffering from English.

（6） _____ has not been taking notes in English class.

Ss： XX has been showing interest in Kobe； XX has been paying…

设计意图：以班级的学生特点、兴趣、爱好创设语境，所呈现的六个例句和学生生活紧密相连，易于与学生产生良好的互动，进一步激发学生学习本课内容的兴趣。语言学习是枯燥的，学生在长时间的语言学习中，往往感到厌倦。根据学生的认知规律和表现欲强的特点，也为了给部分不愿参与语言学习的学生以足够的动力，在课堂中适时的运用游戏能刺激学生思维。在游戏中体验语法让学生明白语言学习实际上是快乐的。

步骤3：Presentation学生归纳出现在完成进行时的构成方式。（1 min）

T： According to the above sentences， what kind of tense is used in the sentences？

S： The present perfect continuous tense.

T： Would you please tell everyone the form of the tense？

S： have/has+been+doing

设计意图：学生通过观察例句来总结归纳出现在完成进行时的构成形式。本节课主题生成并为下一个任务的进行提供基础。

步骤4：Practice学生根据所给图片及词汇运用现在完成进行时造句。（3 mins）

T： Since we have known the present perfect continuous tense， now please make up sentences according to the given pictures and words， using the present perfect continuous tense.

（1） Let the workers sleep for a while because…（rescue the injured， for 24 hours nonstop）

S： …they have been rescuing the injured for 24 hours nonstop.

（2） President Xi has delivered the “Chinese dream” of national renewal and… （the Chinese people， try ones best， realize）

S： …the Chinese people have been trying their best to realize their dream.

（3） （Doctors， find a cure， H7N9）

S： Doctors have been trying to find a cure to defeat H7N9.

设计意图：学生得出现在完成进行时的构成形式后进行及时练习，同时结合2013年国内重大时事，如“H7N9”的蔓延与传播，“中国梦”的提出和2013年4月20日的雅安地震来设置现在完成进行时的语境。让学生能够充分地体会到现在完成进行时的功能和意义，也对学生进行了情感教育，让他们关注时事，明白学习语言是为了在生活中使用。

步骤5：学生根据所给情境来选择最佳答案。（2 mins）

T： In the past， you have learnt about the present perfect tense， now its your turn to make a choice for the following contexts.

Which sentence， A or B fits each situation bes？

（1）You want to find out why someone

is late.

A. What have you been doing？

B. What have you done？

（2）You want to talk about your success

in your golf training program.

A. Ive been playing today.

B. Ive played for six hours today.

（3）You want to complain about your

garage.

A. Theyve been repairing my car for

over a week.

B. Theyve repaired my car.

答案： A； B； A

设计意图：通过提供三个具体的情境让学生选择恰当选项来初步感受现在完成时和现在完成进行时的差异。引导学生观察三个语境，让学生找出“why”，“success”，“complain”等关键词并初步总结出现在完成进行时的表意功能。

步骤6：学生根据对话主要内容来补全对话。（4 mins）

T： Now， you are required to complete the dialogue with the given statements.

Dad： Come on， Julie. Have a break. Have a cup of tea. What have you been doing？

Julie： （taking the tea） Thanks， Dad. 1 ______. The old one moves when I sit on it.

Dad： Your bike looks good. Whats happened to the front wheel？

Julie： 2______. I havent quite finished yet. Dad， you look very tired. 3 ______？

Dad： Yes. 4 ______. They want it at the office on Monday.

Julie： Dad！ Its Saturday afternoon！

（Half an hour later， Julie comes into her Dads room.）

Dad： Oh， hello！ 5 ______.

6 ______. Here it is. Hows the bike？

Julie： Fine！ 7 ______.Its quite comfortable. 8______ too.

A.Ive been putting a new tyre on.

B. Have you been working all afternoon？

C. Ive been writing a report.

D. Ive been putting a new saddle （车座） on.

E. And Ive put the new tyre on.

F. Ive just finished this report.

G. Ive put the new saddle on.

H. Ive printed it out.

答案：D， A， B， C， F， H， G， E

设计意图：通过将对话补充完整的形式让学生在一个完整的情境里进一步体验现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。让学生分角色朗读对话来进一步感受两种时态的运用差异。

步骤7：Summary A 学生根据三个练习的内容总结现在完成时与现在完行时的各自特点。教师引导学生运用比喻的方式理解现在完成时与现在完成进行时的差异。（6 mins）

T： From the dialogue， I know that you begin to sense the differences of the present perfect and present perfect continuous tense， now lets compare the two tenses. First， lets say something about the present perfect since we are familiar with it.

S： The present perfect tense is mainly used to express result or finished actions. One example is “Ive just finished this report.”

T： Well， Lets compare “Ive been putting a new tyre on.” / “And Ive put the new tyre on.”

“Ive been writing a report.” / “Ive just finished this report.”

“Ive been putting a new saddle on". / "Ive put the new saddle on.”

According to the sentences above， what are the differences between the present perfect and present perfect continuous tense？

S： The present perfect continuous tense is mainly used to talk about an activity and its consequences. One example is “Dad， you look very tired. Have you been working all afternoon？”

S： The present perfect continuous tense is also used to talk about a repeated or continuous activity that is still going on. One example is " Ive been putting a new tyre on. I havent quite finished yet.”

T： Based on your understanding of the differences of the two tenses， please try to fill in the chart below.

T： If I compare the present perfect tense to an aged man with achievements and regrets， then the present perfect continuous tense can be compared to…

S： In my opinion， the present perfect continuous tense can be compared to an aggressive youth with passion and efforts.

设计意图：基于前面的练习，要求学生以小组为单位进行观察，分析和对比，用简洁的话语概括现在完成时和现在完成进行时的特点；通过一个生动的比喻来帮助学生准确识记两种时态的差异。

步骤8：Production 学生根据题目选出最佳选项。（3 mins）

T： Just now we made a summary about the present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense.It is time to check your understanding of the two tenses.

（1）【2012全国II，18】 The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.

A. has told B. is telling

C. has been telling D. will have told

（2）【2011北京卷，23】Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months.

A. works

B. worked

C. has been working

D. had been working

（3）【2011上海春招，29】Im sure you will do better in the test because you ______ so hard this year.

A. studied B. have been studying

C. will study D. had studied

（4）【2010安徽】— Weve spent too much money recently.

—Well， it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives ______ around all the time.

A. have been coming B. had come

C. were coming D. are coming

（5）【2010湖南】Im tired out. I ____ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.

A. shopped

B. have shopped

C. had shopped

D. have been shopping

（6）【2010江西】Mother wanted to be a good provider， a role she _____ since her marriage to father.

A. shoulders

B. shouldered

C. has been shouldering

D. is shouldering

答案： C，C，B，A，D，C

设计意图：高考单项选择题中现在完成进行时是近5年时态考查的热点，因此提供6个小题让学生在理解现在完成进行时的基础之上进行运用。

步骤9：Summmary B 学生根据所提供的练习总结归纳典型的现在完成进行时的时间状语。（2 mins）

T： In the above six sentences， can you find the time adverbials？

S： since 9 am.； every night over the last three months； this year； all the time； all afternoon； since her marriage to father.

设计意图：学生通过主动观察，在教师的点拨下，较好地归纳出现在完成进行时的典型时间状语，避免了以往教师上语法课喋喋不休的讲解，学生听得昏昏欲睡的被动局面。现在完成进行时的一些标志性的时间状语是解答此类试题的关键，同时也为为下一步任务做铺垫。

步骤10：学生根据题目选出最佳选项（2 mins）

T： Now， you are required to finish three additional choices.

（7） She was surprised to find the fridge empty； the child _____everything！

A. had been eating

B. had eaten

C. have eaten

D. have been eating

（8） She has set a new record， that is， the sales of her latest book ______ 50 million.

A. have reached

B. will reach

C. have been reaching

D. had reached

（9） More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.

A. have been treating

B. have treated

C. have been treated

D. had been treated

答案：B，A，C

设计意图：此处所提供的三个小题将现在完成进行时，现在完成时及其被动语态，过去完成时及其被动语态和一般过去时及其被动语态综合到一起，让学生在多变的语境中准确灵活的判断时态的使用。

步骤11：学生根据视频片段和信件内容翻译语句。（12 mins）

T： As we all know， an earthquake happened in Yaan on April 20th 2013， all the Chinese have been trying their best to help the people there. Now， you have a chance to write a consolation letter to people in Yaan and please finish the translation part.

A letter to the people in Yaan

Dear friends，

Im very sorry to hear that on April 20th 2013， an unexpected earthquake suddenly happened in Yaan， Sichuan province. It was a huge disaster to Chinese people.

Until now， （1）______ （在这次地震中已经死伤了很多人）， in which many people have lost their relatives and homes. Please dont lose heart. All the Chinese people have begun to take action and do everything they can since they heard the news. （2）______ （很多士兵为了抢救那些被埋在废墟中的人一直在挖掘）. （3）______ （许多医务工作者一直在抢救伤员）. （4）______（人们还为灾区的人民捐款捐物）. More importantly， （5）______（李总理一直投身于救援工作）. Besides， （6）______（全国人民也一直在为雅安祈福）.

Lets join hands together to overcome all the difficulties！ Lets make efforts to rebuild our homes and live happily. I am sure we will have a bright future. Yours sincerely，

XX

Ss： （1） A lot of people have been killed and injured in this earthquake.

（2） A large number of soldiers have been digging to save the people buried in the ruins.

（3） Many medical workers have been rescuing the injured.

（4） Everyone has also contributed a lot of money and goods to the people in need.

（5） Premier Li has been devoting himself to the rescue work.

（6） The whole nation have been praying for Yaan.

设计意图：结合2013年4月20日雅安地震这一重要事件设置语境，要求学生通过观看视频和阅读“写给雅安人的一封信”来完成汉译英练习。让学生感受现实生活中的现在完成进行时的具体应用，同时对学生进行情感教育，作为中华大家庭的一员，每个人都应该伸出援助之手来帮助雅安人民重建家园。

步骤12：布置本节课两项课后作业（1 min）

Homework：

（1） Oral Practice： “How busy are you！”.

（2） Finish Exercise 2 on page 41.

设计意图：作业作为课堂教学的延续，它既是教师教学活动的一个重要环节，又是学生学习过程中的一个重要组成部分。作业一要求学生通过pair work的形式完成一段关于“How busy are you？”的问答对话活动并要求他们在下节课进行表演，这使得小组活动不流于形式，真正使每位学生参与交流与合作；作业二要求学生完成教材41页的练习二，要求学生笔头落实，可以检测每位学生课堂掌握语法的情况，巩固所学知识。

六、教学评价设计

评价内容：根据本节课的教学目标，笔者设置了如下几项评价内容，包括学生在本课上知识方面所取得的进步与收获以及学生在本节课上与他人合作和使用英语交流等情感体验。学生根据自己的情况在下列各项前打钩。

（ ） I can clearly tell the main functions of the present perfect continuous tense.

（ ） I have further developed the sense of using the present perfect continuous tense exactly in various contexts.

（ ） I can tell exactly the differences between the present perfect and the present continuous tenses.

（ ） I can work out the problems related to the two tenses， especially in multiple choices.

（ ） I can make up sentences and provide the exact translation using the present perfect continuous tense.

（ ） I speak English a lot in this class.

（ ） I cooperate with others well in this class.

（ ） I find it interesting to learn grammar in this way.

评价方法：

（一）教师评价

1. 适时表扬，鼓励学生。

2. 检测不同层次学生对本节课内容的掌握。

3. 课后作业的完成情况。

4. 阶段测试。

（二）学生自我评价

根据自己在本节课的知识收获和情感体验填写反馈表。