Annexin A2及CD105在胰腺导管腺癌中的表达及临床意义
2014-04-17黄亚楷刘宏刘金彪王新征
黄亚楷 刘宏 刘金彪 王新征
【摘要】 目的 探讨Annexin A2 (ANXA2, 膜联蛋白A2)及CD105在胰腺导管腺癌中表达及两者的相关性。方法 采用免疫组织化学染色检测胰腺导管腺癌及癌旁组织中Annexin A2的表达情况及MVD, 并对结果进行相关性分析。结果 Annexin A2在肿瘤组织中表达的阳性率显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.05), 且癌组织中Annexin A2的表达强度高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。低分化癌组织Annexin A2表达的阳性率高于高分化和中分化癌组织的阳性率。Annexin A2的表达与癌组织的淋巴转移相关。胰腺导管腺癌组织中的MVD明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。同时, MVD随癌组织分化程度的增高而降低。TNM分期的Ⅲ~Ⅳ期明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(P<0.05)。CD105标记的MVD与癌组织的淋巴转移相关。Annexin A2染色3+的癌组织MVD明显低于Annexin A2染色0、1+、2+(P<0.05), 但Annexin A2染色0、1+、2+的癌组织的MVD表达差异无统计学意义(P=0.615、0.243、0.459)。结论 Annexin A2与CD105在胰腺导管腺癌组织中表达升高, 且都与癌组织病理分级及淋巴转移相关。两者具有一定相关性。
【关键词】 胰腺导管腺癌;Annexin A2;CD105
Expression of Annexin A2 and CD105 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and their clinical significance HUANG Ya-kai, LIU Hong, LIIU Jin-biao, et al. Depatrment of Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the expression of Annexin A2 and CD105 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) tissues and peficancerous tissues and their clinical significance. Methords Using immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of Annexin A2 and CD105 in pancreatic cancerous tissues and peficancerous tissues, and conduct correlation analysis of results. Results The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 and the MVD in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that it in peficancerous tissues(P<0.05), the express degree of Annexin A2 in cancerous tissues was higher than it in peficancerous tissues(P<0.05). The expression of Annexin A2 and the MVD were correlated with histological grade and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05). The MVD of cancerous tissues in clinical stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in clinical stageⅠ~Ⅱ(P<0.05). The MVD of Annexin A2 dyeing 3 + cancerous tissue was significantly lower than those in other Annexin A2 dyeing grade(P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of Annexin A2 and CD105 in PDAC is higher than it in peficancerous tissues, and two of both are correlated with hitological grade and lymphatic metastasis. There is correlation in both.
【Key words】 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Annexin A2; CD105
Annexin A2 ( ANXA2) 又名膜联蛋白Ⅱ, 属于膜联蛋白家族的成员, 与多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关, Annexin A2的表达失调与肿瘤的侵袭、转移密切相关[1-3]。CD105作为一种细胞膜表面的糖蛋白[4], 是血管内皮细胞增殖的标志之一[5], CD105所标记的MVD可更好的反映癌组织中的新生血管数量。有关联合检测Annexin A2、CD105蛋白在胰腺导管腺癌的表达及与胰腺导管腺癌临床及病理学参数关系之间的研究, 国内尚未见文献报道, 为进一步探讨两者与胰腺导管腺癌临床及病理学参数及两者之间的相互联系, 本实验采用免疫组织化学Power Vision 法检测Annexin A2、CD105蛋白在胰腺导管腺癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达, 探讨两者与胰腺导管腺癌临床及病理学参数之间的关系及可能的机制。endprint
1 资料与方法
1. 1 标本来源 于山西医科大学第一医院病理科选择51例胰腺癌组织标本及相应胰腺组织阴性切缘标本, 均使用10%中性福尔马林固定并石蜡包埋。所有病例均来源于2005~2010年, 其中男性24例, 女性27例, 年龄31~78岁, 中位年龄59.15岁。51例患者胰腺癌组织标本均经病理学诊断均为胰腺导管腺癌, 其中高分化腺癌(G1级)14例、中分化腺癌(G2级)6例、低分化腺癌(G3级)31例, 胰腺癌的TNM分期参照UICC2002年标准, Ⅰ~Ⅳ期分别为16例、7例、20例、8例。所有患者术前均未进行过放疗及化疗。
1. 2 实验试剂 兔抗人 Annexin A2多克隆抗体购自武汉博士德生物工程有限公司, 鼠抗人CD105单克隆抗体、兔抗及鼠抗免疫组化二步法试剂盒和DAB显色试剂盒均购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。
1. 3 实验方法 Annexin A2、CD105蛋白检测采用免疫组化Power Vision 法, 操作按试剂盒说明书进行。标本常规石蜡包埋, 4 μm切片, 进行免疫组化染色。用已知阳性切片做阳性对照, PBS代替一抗为阴性对照。DAB染色后苏木素对比复染, 中性树胶封片。
1. 4 结果判定 Annexin A2蛋白表达情况结果判定标准为:胞浆或胞膜出现淡黄至棕黄或棕褐色颗粒为阳性细胞。按染色强度及阳性细胞数来计算评分:①染色强度:0分为阴性, 1分为淡黄色, 2分为黄色, 3分为棕黄色。②阳性细胞数:0分为无阳性细胞, 1分为阳性细胞数≤25%, 2分为阳性细胞数26%~50%, 3分为阳性细胞数≥51%。①+②之和即为最后得分, 0分为“0”, 1~2分为“1+”, 3~4分为“2+”, 5~6分为“3+”, “+”~“3+”判定为免疫组织化学染色阳性;CD105标志的微血管密度 (microvessel density, MVD)计数方法:先在低倍镜下(40X)选取微血管数量最丰富的3个区域, 然后在400倍视野下分别计数上述3个区域的微血管数, 取其平均值作为MVD。若发现和邻近的微血管、肿瘤细胞或其他结缔组织分开的单个黄褐色内皮细胞或黄褐色内皮细胞簇, 就计数为一个独立的微血管, 管腔>8个红细胞直径或有管壁平滑肌的大血管不作为新生血管计数。
1. 5 统计学方法 采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析, Annexin A2的表达情况及相关性分析采用Chi-square检验、秩和检验及Fisher精确概率法;MVD以均数±标准差表示, 其相关性分析采用t检验和方差分析, 且在统计分析前行正态性检验和方差齐性检验;以α=0.05为检验水准。
2 结果
2. 1 Annexin A2的表达 Annexin A2在肿瘤组织细胞膜上的表达明显高于癌旁组织, 肿瘤组织的细胞膜呈棕黄色(见图1);而癌旁胰腺组织的细胞膜多不着色(见图2)。肿瘤组织中Annexin A2表达的阳性率为88.2%(45/51), 显著高于癌旁组织(33.3%, 17/51)(P<0.05)(见表1), 且肿瘤组织中Annexin A2表达的阳性强度高于癌旁组织(P<0.05) (见表2)。Annexin A2在低分化肿瘤组织中表达的阳性率为96.8%(30/31), 高于高分化和中分化肿瘤组织(75%, 15/20)(见表3)。在有淋巴结转移的肿瘤组织中Annexin A2表达的阳性率为96.55%(28/29), 高于无淋巴结转移组的77.27%(P=0.047, 17/22)(见表3), Annexin A2 的表达与患者性别、年龄、原发肿瘤的大小及临床分期无关(见表3)。
2. 2 CD105的表达 CD105主要表达于新生血管内皮细胞的胞膜和胞质中, 呈棕黄色颗粒状, 这些新生血管可不形成明显的管腔(见图3)。在肿瘤组织中的非新生血管内皮细胞及在癌旁组织中, CD105弱表达或阴性表达(见图4)。肿瘤组织中MVD均值为(10.54±3.35), 显著高于癌旁组织的(1.08±1.163)(P<0.05)(见表1)。不同分化程度的胰腺导管腺癌组织的MVD不同, 低分化最高, 高分化最低(见表3);TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(P<0.01)(见表3);有淋巴结转移组显著高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.01)(见表3);CD105标记的MVD与患者的性别、年龄、原发肿瘤的大小无关(见表3)。
2. 3 胰腺导管腺癌组织中Annexin A2表达与MVD的相关性:Annexin A2染色3+肿瘤组织的MVD明显低于Annexin A2染色0、1+、2+肿瘤组织(P<0.05), 但Annexin A2染色0、1+、2+的肿瘤组织之间的MVD差异无统计学意义(见表4、表5)。
3 讨论
Annexin A2属Annexin(膜联蛋白)家族成员, 广泛存在于人体内多种细胞内[6], 通过调控胞内钙的释放而调节细胞的功能[7]。研究显示Annexin A2在肿瘤的发生中起着重要作用[8]。Annexin A2的异四聚体(AIIt)可作为t-PA 和PLG的共受体, 调节Plasmin 的产生, 进而促进肿瘤的浸润和转移[9]。文献报道多组蛋白质组学研究显示Annexin A2为胰腺癌表达的差异蛋白, 本实验也发现Annexin A2在胰腺癌组织中高表达, 更进一步证实Annexin A2有可能作为胰腺癌的分子标志物。本实验免疫组化结果显示Annexin A2在胰腺导管腺癌组织中表达增高且与肿瘤组织病理分级相关。因此, Annexin A2可能成为一个潜在的胰腺导管腺癌诊断标志物。同时推测, Annexin A2在肿瘤侵袭方面的重要作用也使其有可能成为治疗胰腺导管腺癌的靶点。
CD105 (Endoglin)属于转化生长因子β(TGFβ)超家族成员, 与血管发生及维持血管完整性有关, 参与肿瘤血管生成。研究表明, CD105 在新生血管内皮细胞上强表达, 是血管内皮细胞增殖的标志之一[10], CD105在肿瘤组织周围的动、静脉内皮细胞中强表达, 少数情况下也可在肿瘤细胞中弱表达[11], 本实验证实CD105主要表达于肿瘤组织边缘的血管内皮细胞中。肿瘤组织中的微血管密度(MVD)与癌症患者的预后直接相关, 文献显示在乳腺癌、宫颈癌等恶性肿瘤组织中, CD105标记MVD值优于CD34、Ⅷ因子相关抗原等的标记结果, 并与患者的生存期有关, 可以作为独立的预后因子[12]。本实验证实胰腺导管腺癌组织中CD105标记的MVD明显高于癌旁组织, 且与肿瘤组织的病理分级及患者临床分期相关, MVD随病理分级的增高而增高;临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期肿瘤组织的MVD明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期, MVD或可成为胰腺癌患者预后指标。肿瘤的生长和转移多依赖于肿瘤组织中新生血管的形成 , 而CD105为新生血管所必需的, 有研究显示, 针对乳腺癌细胞CD105单克隆抗体已表现出一定的抗肿瘤功效, 且无严重毒副反应[13], 提示CD105有可能成为胰腺癌治疗的靶点, 从而提升胰腺癌的治疗效果。endprint
本研究显示Annexin A2表达3+的胰腺导管腺癌组织MVD相对较低, 且Annexin A2表达2+、+、阴性癌组织之间的MVD差异无统计学意义, 或许是因为Annexin A2可以促进新生血管内皮细胞形成管腔样结构[14], 使孤立的血管内皮细胞减少, 从而影响MVD计数, 使得Annexin A2表达3+的肿瘤组织MVD相对较低。当然, 其具体的原因及机制还需进一步研究探讨。
参考文献
[1] Gerke V,Moss SE.Annexins: from structure to function. Physiol Rev,2002,82(2): 331-371.
[2] Vishwanatha J K, Chiang Y, Kumble K D, et al. Enhanced expression of annexin II in human pancreatic carcinoma cells and primary pancreatic cancers.Carcinogenesis,1993,14(12): 2575-2579.
[3] Domoto T, Miyama Y, Suzuki H, et al. Evaluation of S100A10, annexin II and B-FABP expression as markers for renal cell carcinoma.Cancer science, 2007, 98(1): 77-82.
[4] Gougos A, Letarte M. Identification of a human endothelial cell antigen with monoclonal antibody 44G4 produced against a pre-B leukemic cell line. J Immunol,1988, 141(6): 1925-1933.
[5] Tanaka F, Otake Y, Yanagihara K, et al. Correlation between apoptotic index and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer: comparison between CD105 and CD34 as a marker of angiogenesis. Lung Cancer, 2003, 39(3): 289-296.
[6] Chiang Y,Schneiderman MH,Vishwanatha JK.Annexin II expression is regulated during mammalian cell cycle.Cancer Res, 1993,53(24): 6017-6021.
[7] Liemann S, Lewit-Bentley A. Annexins:a novel family of calcium-and membrane -bindingproteins in search of a function.Structure, 1995,3(3):233-237.
[8] Nilius B, Gerke V, Prenen J, et al. Annexin II modulates volume-activated chloride currents in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem, 1996,271(48):30631-30636.
[9] Ling Q, Jacovina AT, Deora A, et al. Annexin II regulates fibrin homeostasis and neoangiogenesis in vivo.J Clin Invest, 2004, 113(1): 38-48.
[10] Tanaka F,Otake Y,Yanagihara K,et al. Evaluation of angiogenesis in non - small cell lung cancer : comparison between anti - CD34 antibody and anti - CD105 antibody.Clin Cancer Res,2001(7):3410.
[11] Fonsatti E,DelVecchio L,AltomonteM,et al. Endoglinn : An accessory component of the TGF-beta 1-binding recep tor-comp lex with diagnostic,prognostic,and bioimmunotherapeutic potential in human malignant .J Cell Physiol,2001,188 (1) :1.
[12] Kumar S,Ghellal A,Li C,et al. Breast carcinoma: vascular density determined using CD105 antibody correlates with tu-mor prognosis.Cancer Res,1999,59(4):856-561.
[13] Seon BK,Takahashi N,Haba A,et al. Angiogenesis and metastasis-marker of humantumors.Rinsho Byor, 2001, 49(10):1005-1013.
[14] Qi Ling,Andrew T,Jacovina,et al. Annexin II regulates fibrin homeostasis and neoangiogenesis in vivo .he Journal of Clinical Investigation,2004, 113(1):38-48.endprint
本研究显示Annexin A2表达3+的胰腺导管腺癌组织MVD相对较低, 且Annexin A2表达2+、+、阴性癌组织之间的MVD差异无统计学意义, 或许是因为Annexin A2可以促进新生血管内皮细胞形成管腔样结构[14], 使孤立的血管内皮细胞减少, 从而影响MVD计数, 使得Annexin A2表达3+的肿瘤组织MVD相对较低。当然, 其具体的原因及机制还需进一步研究探讨。
参考文献
[1] Gerke V,Moss SE.Annexins: from structure to function. Physiol Rev,2002,82(2): 331-371.
[2] Vishwanatha J K, Chiang Y, Kumble K D, et al. Enhanced expression of annexin II in human pancreatic carcinoma cells and primary pancreatic cancers.Carcinogenesis,1993,14(12): 2575-2579.
[3] Domoto T, Miyama Y, Suzuki H, et al. Evaluation of S100A10, annexin II and B-FABP expression as markers for renal cell carcinoma.Cancer science, 2007, 98(1): 77-82.
[4] Gougos A, Letarte M. Identification of a human endothelial cell antigen with monoclonal antibody 44G4 produced against a pre-B leukemic cell line. J Immunol,1988, 141(6): 1925-1933.
[5] Tanaka F, Otake Y, Yanagihara K, et al. Correlation between apoptotic index and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer: comparison between CD105 and CD34 as a marker of angiogenesis. Lung Cancer, 2003, 39(3): 289-296.
[6] Chiang Y,Schneiderman MH,Vishwanatha JK.Annexin II expression is regulated during mammalian cell cycle.Cancer Res, 1993,53(24): 6017-6021.
[7] Liemann S, Lewit-Bentley A. Annexins:a novel family of calcium-and membrane -bindingproteins in search of a function.Structure, 1995,3(3):233-237.
[8] Nilius B, Gerke V, Prenen J, et al. Annexin II modulates volume-activated chloride currents in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem, 1996,271(48):30631-30636.
[9] Ling Q, Jacovina AT, Deora A, et al. Annexin II regulates fibrin homeostasis and neoangiogenesis in vivo.J Clin Invest, 2004, 113(1): 38-48.
[10] Tanaka F,Otake Y,Yanagihara K,et al. Evaluation of angiogenesis in non - small cell lung cancer : comparison between anti - CD34 antibody and anti - CD105 antibody.Clin Cancer Res,2001(7):3410.
[11] Fonsatti E,DelVecchio L,AltomonteM,et al. Endoglinn : An accessory component of the TGF-beta 1-binding recep tor-comp lex with diagnostic,prognostic,and bioimmunotherapeutic potential in human malignant .J Cell Physiol,2001,188 (1) :1.
[12] Kumar S,Ghellal A,Li C,et al. Breast carcinoma: vascular density determined using CD105 antibody correlates with tu-mor prognosis.Cancer Res,1999,59(4):856-561.
[13] Seon BK,Takahashi N,Haba A,et al. Angiogenesis and metastasis-marker of humantumors.Rinsho Byor, 2001, 49(10):1005-1013.
[14] Qi Ling,Andrew T,Jacovina,et al. Annexin II regulates fibrin homeostasis and neoangiogenesis in vivo .he Journal of Clinical Investigation,2004, 113(1):38-48.endprint
本研究显示Annexin A2表达3+的胰腺导管腺癌组织MVD相对较低, 且Annexin A2表达2+、+、阴性癌组织之间的MVD差异无统计学意义, 或许是因为Annexin A2可以促进新生血管内皮细胞形成管腔样结构[14], 使孤立的血管内皮细胞减少, 从而影响MVD计数, 使得Annexin A2表达3+的肿瘤组织MVD相对较低。当然, 其具体的原因及机制还需进一步研究探讨。
参考文献
[1] Gerke V,Moss SE.Annexins: from structure to function. Physiol Rev,2002,82(2): 331-371.
[2] Vishwanatha J K, Chiang Y, Kumble K D, et al. Enhanced expression of annexin II in human pancreatic carcinoma cells and primary pancreatic cancers.Carcinogenesis,1993,14(12): 2575-2579.
[3] Domoto T, Miyama Y, Suzuki H, et al. Evaluation of S100A10, annexin II and B-FABP expression as markers for renal cell carcinoma.Cancer science, 2007, 98(1): 77-82.
[4] Gougos A, Letarte M. Identification of a human endothelial cell antigen with monoclonal antibody 44G4 produced against a pre-B leukemic cell line. J Immunol,1988, 141(6): 1925-1933.
[5] Tanaka F, Otake Y, Yanagihara K, et al. Correlation between apoptotic index and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer: comparison between CD105 and CD34 as a marker of angiogenesis. Lung Cancer, 2003, 39(3): 289-296.
[6] Chiang Y,Schneiderman MH,Vishwanatha JK.Annexin II expression is regulated during mammalian cell cycle.Cancer Res, 1993,53(24): 6017-6021.
[7] Liemann S, Lewit-Bentley A. Annexins:a novel family of calcium-and membrane -bindingproteins in search of a function.Structure, 1995,3(3):233-237.
[8] Nilius B, Gerke V, Prenen J, et al. Annexin II modulates volume-activated chloride currents in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem, 1996,271(48):30631-30636.
[9] Ling Q, Jacovina AT, Deora A, et al. Annexin II regulates fibrin homeostasis and neoangiogenesis in vivo.J Clin Invest, 2004, 113(1): 38-48.
[10] Tanaka F,Otake Y,Yanagihara K,et al. Evaluation of angiogenesis in non - small cell lung cancer : comparison between anti - CD34 antibody and anti - CD105 antibody.Clin Cancer Res,2001(7):3410.
[11] Fonsatti E,DelVecchio L,AltomonteM,et al. Endoglinn : An accessory component of the TGF-beta 1-binding recep tor-comp lex with diagnostic,prognostic,and bioimmunotherapeutic potential in human malignant .J Cell Physiol,2001,188 (1) :1.
[12] Kumar S,Ghellal A,Li C,et al. Breast carcinoma: vascular density determined using CD105 antibody correlates with tu-mor prognosis.Cancer Res,1999,59(4):856-561.
[13] Seon BK,Takahashi N,Haba A,et al. Angiogenesis and metastasis-marker of humantumors.Rinsho Byor, 2001, 49(10):1005-1013.
[14] Qi Ling,Andrew T,Jacovina,et al. Annexin II regulates fibrin homeostasis and neoangiogenesis in vivo .he Journal of Clinical Investigation,2004, 113(1):38-48.endprint