浅淡初中英语限制性定语从句教学

黄丽红

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语是句中不可缺少的组成部分，如果缺少，先行词的意思就不明确，主句也不完整。这类句子和主句之间一般不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中的关系代词有时可以省略。非限制性定语从句是对主句是先行词的补充说明，没有从句并不影响主句意思的明确或完整。这类从句一般用逗号与主句分开。非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不可省略。

一、定义

在复合句中担任定语的从句，叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或代词以后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词。

二、引导定语从句的关联词

⒈关系代词：that，which，who，whom和whose

⒉关系副词：where，when和why

关系代词与关系副词在句中起联系从句与主句的作用，同时又在从句中作一定的成分。如主语、宾语、定语、状语等。

三、关系代词：that，who（whom）whose和which的具体用法

（1）that引导的定语从句。在从句中作主语、宾语等。其先行词是人也可以是物。

①A scientist is a person who/that invents or discovers things.（主语）

②A train is a machine that can run..（主语）

③He is the man that/whom we should learn from.（宾语）

（2）Who（whom）引导的定语从句。在从句中作主语、宾语等。其先行词是人。（若在从句中作宾语，要用whom）。

①The teacher who/that teaches us English is from the USA.（主语）

②She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday.（宾语）

（3）Which引导的定语从句。在从句中作主语或宾语。其先行词是物。

The letter which/that he received yesterday is his mothers（宾语）

（4）Whose指人或物。在从句中作定语。指物时常可用of which代替。

①The man whose bike was stolen was my uncle.（指人作定语）

②Mr Green lives in a house whose roof is red.（指物作定语）

四、注意以下几点

1.用that而不用which的情况

（1）先行词为all，much，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，few，the one等不定代词时。

①Thats all that I have seen and heard.

②I mean the one that was bought yesterday.

（2）指物的先行词被形容词最高级或被only，any，one of，few等修饰时。

①It is the most important task that should be finished soon.

②My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.

（3）先行词为数词或被序数词（含last）修饰时：

Look at there flowers.You can see the two that you gave me.

（4）先行词中既有人又有物时：

we were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.

2.不用that的情况

（1）当先行词本身是that时，关系代词要用which.

The clock is that which tells the time.

（2）关系代词前有介词时：

Eg：This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.

3.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省

①The tool（that/which）he is working with is called a saw.

②Do you know the woman（who/that）she was talking to？

4.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上与先行词保持一致

①The child who is reading there is my brother.

②The children who are reading are my classmates.

五、关系副词when，where，why的用法

关系副词在定语从句中只能充当从句的状语，不能省略。

1.when引导的定语从句

when在定语从句中作表示时间的状语。它所修饰的是表示“时间”的词。

①I still remember the day when you first came here.

②The day when we won the match finally came.

2.where引导的定语从句

where在定语从句中作地点状语，修饰的先行词是表示“地点”的名词或代词。

①I like the places where it is warm.

②Do you still remember the village where you were born？

3.why引导的定语从句

why在定语从句中作原因状语，修饰的先行词一般是reason.

①The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.

②I dont know the reason why he is crying.endprint