河西太阳宫景区，南京，江苏，中国

项目设计：陈薇/东南大学建筑设计研究院

河西太阳宫景区，南京，江苏，中国

项目设计：陈薇/东南大学建筑设计研究院

说明：选择两个类型相似但风格迥异的园林景观项目，是因为它们位于南京不同的区位，有着不同的历史和环境，对于城市历史文化的多样性如何因时空的具体对位而设计以彰显特色，有一定的典型性和说服力。另一方面，传统的南京私家园林，景致多大疏大密，而现代的南京景观环境，亦可采用经典的对景、框景等手法。法无定式，立意在先。相互比照，些许趣味，亦为拙文“城市‘历史·记忆·生活’的多元性和复杂性及求解”之注脚。

太阳宫景区蕴藏事件

地点有事件：南京目前有两个太阳宫——玄武湖东侧的和河西的。前者是现代建筑，形似半个太阳而名，后者则有历史渊源。此太阳宫景区位于南京河西，即南京秦淮河以西的边缘地带、长江边的上新河段。在历史上是水路运输交通点，有明显的南京西侧的城市功能特征。上新河曾是南京历史上重要木材集散地，举凡南京宫殿、官署、民居建造，所用木材从江西、湖南、湖北等地通过水路运至，首先寄存在上新河以及附近的长江江面上。上新河的外地木材商人很多，分为江西帮、湖南帮、湖北帮等，各帮占据一块江面，停靠木材。这种情形从明代开始，一直延续到近代。

建筑有事件：第一个太阳宫据载建于明末清初，系湖南和湖北帮木材商人选址建造。因为木头怕火，而建太阳宫供奉祭拜太阳神（火神），可祈神赐福，减少火灾发生。第二次建太阳宫于清代，格局占百亩，一度香火旺盛，一殿二亭为主体，大殿面西，祭神朝东，面向太阳。太平天国时期战火毁之，很快复建。抗战沦陷时，曾有日军驻扎于太阳宫，因一匹战马病死，强行屠杀7个中国人，1944年秋日军又放火烧毁太阳宫。抗战胜利后，顽强的湖南、湖北帮商人再次重建太阳宫，这是第三个太阳宫，即现所见民国时期建造的太阳宫，主体格局依旧。我们接手时太阳宫有两座亭子（凉亭）和一间宽敞的大殿，亭子一左一右分布在大殿前侧，建筑有中西合璧的韵味，尤其亭子的挂落和宝顶色彩、大殿平直的屋顶和菱形大瓦、门窗形制及镶嵌的五彩玻璃，有西式色彩。2004年我们接手时是区级文保单位，但它们经历1958年后用作大炼钢铁的基地、加工服装车间和文革，墙上有许多标语，门窗及玻璃残破不堪。

设计有事件：2004年南京为迎接2005年十运会开始了河西的大量建设，承接的太阳宫项目是作为河西滨江风光带B区的景区进行规划设计的，主要作为运动后的休闲喝茶的场所。南邻滨江公园主要轴线西端广场，西接地势较高的滨江大道，自北而东为滨江景区内道路。这是一个变化的城市边缘地段，犹如历史上的城西。我们所做工作包括：大殿和两个亭子的修缮设计、围绕太阳宫展开的新建建筑及环境设计、为配合整个滨江公园轴线西端活动人群而对保留的水体、树木、大堤的整合设计等。主旨思想有三：（1）使年久失修的文保建筑在新的环境中起到画龙点睛的作用；（2）充分利用基地的现有条件，如保留枫树和梧桐树，利用水塘和原有排水系统，运用平整地形堆起的土山等，因地制宜地进行设计；（3）将传统建筑和现代建筑在新的景观环境中融为一体。

太阳宫有待事件发生。经过建设，十运会期间开始启用，2006年6月10日公布太阳宫为南京市文物保护单位。现在太阳宫在滨江公园有一定名气，临江有一条长长的道路，也被命名为“太阳宫路”。但是此地因为比较僻静，远离住区，游人并不很多，处于效益考虑，前几年除文物建筑外已租让给私人开设药膳。当时设计应和太阳宫大殿圆窗（意寓太阳）又可对景的入口照壁圆洞，也被封起来，还有框景、隔景等，因为要使用面积最大化也被改造得面目全非。其实这里曾经是道教火神建筑所在，凉亭周围是商人活动中心，探行情、玩龙灯、踩高跷、玩杂耍。因此，如果今后重新定义它的事件性，譬如强调道教性质并形成移民交流会所，倒是对广泛居住有外地人的河西地区会发挥更大作用。

项目信息/Credits and Data

委托方/Client：南京河西指挥部/Nanjing Hexi Command Center

工程负责人/Project Director：陈薇/CHEN Wei

规划，建筑，景观设计/Planning, Architecture & Landscape：陈薇，张磊，贾亭立，王劲/CHEN Wei, ZHANG Lei, JIA Tingli, WANG Jing

修缮设计/Renovation Design：陈薇，王劲/CHEN Wei, WANG Jing

室内设计/Interior Design：陈薇/CHEN Wei

建筑结构/Structural Design：孙逊，王伟成/SUN Xun, WANG Weicheng

水电设备/Hydroelectric Facility：吴雁，龚曾谷/WU Yan, GONG Zenggu

用地规划/Site Area：2.3hm2

建筑面积/Floor Area：1460m2

设计时间/Design Period：2004

Events at Sun Palace Scenic Area

Event on location: There are two Sun Palace buildings, East Xuanwu Lake Sun Palace and Hexi Sun Palace. The former features modern building, like a half sun, the latter has its historic origin. Hexi Sun Palace is located at the edge area in the west of Nanjing Qinhuai River, namely Hexi. The area belongs to Shangxinhe Watercourse near the Yangtze River. It is the pivot of water transportation, with the urban functions at westbound Nanjing. In Nanjing history it was also an important distribution center of timbers used for the construction of royal halls, government offices and civilian houses. All the timbers transported through waterway from Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei was first deposited at Shangxinhe waterway and on the surface of Yangtze River. There were many timber merchants from other places in Shangxinhe town. They were from Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei, each group taking a block of the river as a timber harbor. It started from Ming Dynasty and lasted till early modern times.

Event on the architecture: According to related historical record, the first Sun Palace was constructed by timber dealers from Hunan and Hubei Provinces, who wished to prevent the happening of fire disaster through the protection of Sun God (God of fire), at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty. Constructed in Qing Dynasty, the second Sun Palace occupied an area of over a hundred mu and was quite prosperous for a certain period of time. The palace was composed of one hall and two pavilions, with the hall facing the west and the worshiped god facing the east, the direction of sun rising. It was torn down during the war at the time of Taiping Rebellion, but was soon restored. During China’s anti-Japanese war, there were Japanese troops stationed in the palace, who slaughtered seven Chinese people for the death of one of their war horses. And in the autumn of 1944, Japanese army set fire on the palace and broke it down. After Chinese victory of the war, Sun Palace was reconstructed by some strong-willed merchants from Hunan and Hubei Provinces, which formed the third Sun Palace. It is in the same structural pattern as the one constructed during the time of the Republic of China. At the time we accepted the project, we could see that the palace was composed of two pavilions and a spacious hall, with the former two on each side of the latter. The architecture shows distinctive style that combines oriental and occidental architectural features, especially the hanging and the roof color of the pavilions, the straight roof line, the diamond-shaped tiles, the

shape of doors and windows and the inlaid colored glasses on them, which reflect the influences of western architecture. Though ranked as a districtlevel cultural relic conservation unit when we took over in 2004, the palace was dilapidated considerably that is totally understandable regarding the fact that it was used as a base for steel smelting and a factory house for clothes processing after 1958.

Event on design: The year of 2004 saw the energetic construction of Hexi for the Tenth National Games that was held in 2005 in Nanjing. The Hexi Sun Palace was planned and designed as a scenic spot in B District in Hexi Binjiang (riverside, along the Yangtze River) Scenic Belt. People can spend their leisure time here after sports. It connects the west-end plaza of the main axis of Binjiang Park southward, joints the highlying Binjiang Avenue westward, and leads to the roads inside Binjiang Scenic Spot from north to east. Like the west of the city, this is an everchanging urban edge section,. All we need to do is to include designs of the renovation of the main temple hall and two pavilions, of the newly-built buildings and environment, and the integration of the watercourse, trees and levees that are reserved for the people at the west-end of the axis of Binjiang Park. The main purposes are as follows: (1) To highlight in new environment the preserved historic buildings that have long been out of repair; (2) To make suitable design by fully employing the present conditions of the base, such as reserving maples and plane trees, and making use of the pond, original drainage system and mound piled on plain ground; (3) To tie traditional and modern buildings together in the new scenic environment.

Events to be done for Hexi Sun Palace: Hexi Sun Palace opened during the Tenth National Games. It was announced as one of Nanjing cultural relic preservation sites on June 10th, 2006. Now Hexi Sun Palace enjoys certain fame in Binjiang Park. There is a long road called Sun Palace Road at the riverside. As the place is quiet and remote from residential areas, few people visit it. Out of the consideration of efficiency, the palace was rented as private herbal cuisine center except for the cultural relic buildings. As for the previous design, in order to respond to the round window of the Main Temple Hall, which implied the Sun, the round hole on the screen wall at the entrance was blocked, and even the design of windows for framed and partitioned scenery were remolded out of recognition for the principle of maximizing the usable area. In fact, it was once where the Taoist temple of the Fire God stood. The place surrounding the pavilion was the Merchant Activity Center for market information, dragon lamp playing, stilt walking and vaudeville. Therefore if its events are redefined so as to emphasize the nature of Taoism and to develop it into a center for communication between emigrants, it will play a greater role in Hexi area, where a large number of people from other places reside.

评论

谷云瑞：南京，秦淮河，太阳宫，总让人联想起中国近代史中许多的重大事件。而太阳宫景区的设计又把近代的历史物源清澈地延展至今日人们的生活之中。

历史建筑的修缮与保护，基地现状的充分利用，新建筑与周边老少邻友的携手相伴，其连绵不断的整体气韵无不传递出设计者尊敬自然与历史，礼让谦和、内外融合的东方人文理念。

也许有些逐物意移的人们会认为其景区缺少当下一些曜目喧彩的时尚亮点。也许有些工本至尚的人们会认为其景区缺少一些并皆佳妙的观赏细节。

而历史与当今的自然连贯，相应对照的古雅平淡气息，让我们感觉到设计者在太阳宫景区项目中本真自然、深藏韵味的良苦用心。

张谨：南京太阳宫景区设计项目，是一个集文物修缮、新建建筑、景观设计于一体的工程项目。对于这样一个复杂性的项目，整体的协调性是终极的检验标准。该设计完好地回应了协调性的要求：新建部分采用旧有建筑的主题语汇，如坡屋顶、圆形窗、赭红色的立柱等；在尺度、比例等方面取得一致，最大程度形成了新与旧的呼应。而在设计手法上以新的材料和极为简洁的细部处理方式，与旧有建筑相区别，创造浑然一体而又各具特点的整体景观，形成了新与旧对话的微妙平衡。

Comments

GU Yunrui: Nanjing, Qinhuai River, and Sun Palace: all remind people of many major incidents happened in modern China. And the design of the Sun Palace Scenic Area extends the historic flow from the modern history to people's present life with success.

The continuous and intact artistic conception of the area, which is accomplished by the effective repair and protection of historical architecture, the ample use of existing base, and the connection between new buildings and surrounding environment, reflects the designer's respects toward the nature and history, as well as her inclusive oriental humanity concepts, i.e., courtesy, humble, modest, and gracious.

It is possible that people who pursue for latest stimulus might feel deficiency of eye-catching highlights in the area. Alike, people who admire delicate designs might hold the lack of appreciation details in the scenic area.

Nevertheless, the natural connection between history and present and the plain but elegant atmosphere in the scenic area show us the designer's intention for an authentic, natural, and stylish establishment in this project.

ZHANG Jin: The design of Sun Palace Scenic Area in Nanjing is a scheme integrating cultural relics restoration, new architecture construction, and landscape design. Regarding the complicatedness of the project, the comprehensive balance can be used as the ultimate standard for the implementation. The designer has given full concern to the balance between various construction elements: old architectural components including the slope roof, round window, and ember-colored pillar are used in new architectures; and coordination in dimension and scale between old and new architectures accomplishes a harmonious response between these two types of constructions. Nevertheless, the designer also adopts new materials and a plainer detail construction method that are different from old architectures, as a result, a general landscape that is both integral and with distinctive features at different parts is formed, achieving a subtle balance between the new and the old.

Sun Palace Areas of Hexi, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2005

Project Design: CHEN Wei/Architects & Engineers Co. Ltd. of Southeast University