伏龙观古建筑群“5.12”震后抢险维修工程，都江堰，四川，中国

项目设计：吕舟，朱宇华/清华大学建筑学院国家遗产中心/清华大学建筑设计研究院建筑与文化遗产保护研究所

伏龙观古建筑群“5.12”震后抢险维修工程，都江堰，四川，中国

项目设计：吕舟，朱宇华/清华大学建筑学院国家遗产中心/清华大学建筑设计研究院建筑与文化遗产保护研究所

伏龙观震后抢险维修工程是2008年“5.12”汶川特大地震后，由国家文物局主持的灾后重建的重点工程之一，也是全国灾后重建工程中最早开工和最早竣工的文物保护维修工程。工程自2008年6月开工，2009年11月竣工，前后历时18个月。整个抢险工程投资655万元。

伏龙观是世界文化遗产都江堰-青城山景区的重要景点之一，古建筑群占地面积3000m2，建筑面积1900m2，在“5.12”大地震中损毁严重。地震对当地居民的生活和心理造成重大影响，震后国家迅速启动了灾后重建工程。要求在最短的时间内，恢复伏龙观古建筑的雄伟身姿，恢复都江堰景区的传统旅游文化，重建当地居民的社会生活和信心。

因此，抢险工程的目的是，在保障真实性的基础上，尽快恢复伏龙观古建筑群的完整性，再现震前巍峨的雄姿。工程内容包括排除地质险情和隐患，收集清理文物构件，重新勘察设计，保护修复工程等，尽快消除地震不利影响，加固离堆岩体基础，按照古建筑修复的真实性原则进行抢修，恢复伏龙观建筑群的完整性。

在国家文物局的重视和指导下，伏龙观是灾后第一个开工的文物保护抢险工程。设计单位和施工单位同步进驻，迅速地展开了现场清理、文物构件收集、测绘、措施制定、图纸绘制、组织实施工程等。在较短的时间内顺利地完成了此项灾后重建工程，是我国在面对突发性的紧急灾害情况下开展文物抢险工作的成功案例。

2009年11月30日，当地（都江堰市）举行了盛大的工程竣工典礼，国家文物局和四川省文化部门参加。世界文化遗产地都江堰-青城山景区重新恢复开放。

工程竣工后，都江堰景区基本恢复游客开放。作为国家级旅游城市，都江堰景区再次吸引了全国游客前往参观，特别是位于宝瓶口之上的伏龙观古建筑群再现巍峨雄姿。工程对灾区百姓恢复信心，重建家园，恢复城市活力，促进地方经济发展起到良好的激励作用。

项目信息/Credits and Data

委托单位/Client：都江堰市文物局/Dujiangyan Bureau of Cultural Relics

工程总负责/Head of Project：吕舟/LU Zhou

项目负责人/Principal in Charge：朱宇华/ZHU Yuhua

设计团队/Project Team：魏青，徐溯凯，孙燕，雷娴，

高飞/WEI Qing, XU Sukai, SUN Yan, LEI Xian, GAO Fei

The emergency conservation project of Fu'long Taoist Temple is one of the rescue projects after the“May 12th” earthquake in Sichuan Province, which is one of the key projects supervised by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. It is the first cultural heritage conservation project carried out in the disaster-hit area after the earthquake, and also the first one to be completed. The project started in June, 2008 and finished in November, 2009, lasting 18 months in total and costing 6.55 million RMB.

It was quite urgent to complete the conservation project in short period of time and rebuild the confidence of local community, resuming their normal daily life. Under the large background of reconstruction activities in Sichuan Province after the earthquake, this project attracts wide attention from the general public across the entire country. The particularity of this project requires short restoration schedule which cannot be met by the normal conservation process. Facing such a sudden event, the design and construction institutions were organized immediately to conduct on-site survey, set the main principles and targets together, and to proceed with the conservation work. The key factors of this project ensuring a successful completion include the high-efficiency work planning, the consensus of complexity of the project and the conservation principles, and the management and linkage of various project aspects. During the construction phase, in order to keep the consistency and coherence of the conservation work, we utilized traditional techniques with traditional materials, and made necessary improvements after cautious studies with comparable analysis among different plans. The cooperation between conservators and contractors was also enhanced during the project implementation. The working process of the conservation of Fu'long Taoist Temple sets a good example for heritage conservation practice during disaster recovering effort in China, and shall also be improved further in the future.

In the field of cultural heritage conservation, the post-quake emergency restoration projects in Sichuan are recognized by experts as good practice examples of efficient responses to sudden events. The conservation project of Fu'long Taoist Temple is undoubtedly considered to be one of the best practices.

Most importantly, this project has been part of the reconstruction work after the earthquake, which builds up the confidence of the local community to overcome the difficulties and rebuild their family land.

After its completion, Fu'long Taoist Temple is opened to the general public attracting many tourists from all over the country. The number of visiting tourists resumes to the same level as before the quake, which renews the vigor of the city and improves the economic development of the local community.

评论

孟建民：和灾难的后竞赛

都江堰伏龙观古建筑群抢险工作，工程紧急又复杂，意义却非常重大。在排除地质险情和隐患、快速消除地震的不利影响、收集清理文物构建、重新勘察设计等一系列困难的基础上，完成了保护修复工程。项目基本达到了恢复伏龙观古建筑的雄伟身姿，恢复都江堰景区的传统旅游文化，重建当地居民的社会生活和信心的目的。

此项重建工程，由国家文物局、四川省文化部门和当地百姓共同参与，是一项国民共同竣工的工程。创造了全国灾后重建工程中“两个最早”（最早开工和最早竣工）和“一个最短”（较短时间内顺利完成），是我国面对突发性紧急灾害情况下开展抢险工作成功的案例。

谷云瑞：在洪荒的宇宙间、地球上的人类有时会感觉到自己的弱小，但有时会变得强大。自然灾害毁灭了无数的人类文化瑰宝，在毁灭面前人类会感觉到自己的弱小，但在灾害过后的重建过程中，却会让人类感觉到自身的强大。这种强大不是来自于浮浅而空洞的非理性热情，它源自于一个民族自身的文化觉悟、技术储备及财力支出等诸多元素的支撑。

伏龙观在“5.12”大地震中受到严重损毁，在抢险维修过程中，清理、收集、测绘、制图、施工等超常规一体化的组织运行，在18个月时间内让严重损毁的世界文化遗产以原有的气度与情愫复面于观者。后人在解读伏龙观的同时，自会敬仰伏龙观抢修者的功德，同时也会感觉到人类在自然灾害面前自身的强大。

Comments

MENG Jianmin: Racing with the disaster after the earthquake

Rescue of the Fulong Temple Ancient Building Complex in Dujiangyan is an urgent and complicated project with great significance. The conservation and restoration of the temple is completed on the basis of a series of difficult tasks such as clearing away the geological dangers and risks, rapidly eliminating the effects of the earthquake, collecting and cleaning the structural parts, and conducting re-survey and re-design. This project restores the majestic ancient building complex, revives the traditional tourism culture of Dujiangyan Scenic Area, and re-builds the social life and confidence of local residents.

With the participation of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the cultural departments of Sichuan Province, and the local people, this project is completed with the joint efforts of both the state and the common people. It creates "two earliest" (the earliest start and the earliest completion) and "one shortest" (completion in the shortest period of time) among the nation-wide post-disaster reconstruction projects, thus being a successful case of China conducting rescue work in the face of a sudden disaster.

GU Yunrui: In the primitive universe, human beings on the earth sometimes are weak, but sometimes can become powerful. Natural disasters have destroyed countless cultural treasures of the mankind. In the face of the destruction, human beings will feel their weakness, but in the process of reconstruction, they can feel powerful. Such powerfulness does not come from the superficial and empty irrational passion. Instead, it originates from the support of a number of elements like cultural awareness, technical reserve, and financial expense of a nation.

Fulong Temple was severely damaged in the 5.12 Earthquake. In its rescue and repair process, such procedures as cleaning, collection, survey, mapping, and construction were integrated and carried out in an unconventional way, which brought the seriously damaged world cultural heritage to the public with its original grace and sentiment after 18 months. While visiting Fulong Temple, the later generations will not only appreciate the achievements of the people who have repaired and restored the temple, but also feel the great power that human beings can have to confront natural disasters.

Conservation Project of Fu'long Taoist Temple, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China, 2009

Project Design: LU Zhou, ZHU Yuhua/National Centre for Heritage Conservation, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Cultural Heritage Conservation Centre of Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University