崖城镇盛德堂遗址展庭，三亚，海南，中国

项目设计：吕舟，崔光海/清华大学建筑学院国家遗产中心/清华大学建筑设计研究院建筑与文化遗产保护研究所

崖城镇盛德堂遗址展庭，三亚，海南，中国

项目设计：吕舟，崔光海/清华大学建筑学院国家遗产中心/清华大学建筑设计研究院建筑与文化遗产保护研究所

项目信息/Credits and Data

委托单位/Client：三亚市历史文化名镇保护管理委员会/ Sanya Management Committee for the Conservation of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns

工程总负责/Head of Project：吕舟/LU Zhou

项目负责人/Principal in Charge：崔光海/CUI Guanghai

设计团队/Project Team：李京，刘煜，揭小凤，张荣/LI Jing, LIU Yu, JIE Xiaofeng, ZHANG Rong

本项目源于一个简单的落架修缮复原的古建筑保护工程。在现场调研过程中，通过与裴氏族人代表的不断沟通，我们发现现存的建筑遗迹虽然残破，却承载着几代人的情感和记忆。于是我们提出了现在的解决方案，并与族人一起说服当地政府和文物管理部门，通过对宗祠遗存的保护，重新组织功能，展示宗族历史，延续族人的情感记忆，使其重新成为凝聚宗族纽带并与现代对话的场所，为文物古迹的保护探讨一种更具包容性的积极思路。

盛德堂，又名裴晋公宗祠，位于三亚市崖城镇水南二村，为唐代中兴宰相裴度后裔落籍古崖州后兴建的裴氏宗祠，已有近850年历史。目前仅遗存后殿北次间和明间后墙，为市级文物保护单位。

祠堂是中国传统村落标准配置的公共设施，是村落中同姓族人的核心精神场所，这里不仅举行祭祖活动——提醒自己传承血脉与道德传统的责任，也是村民议事、节庆等本村重大事件的发生地，见证了兴衰发展与生活于此地的人们的情感记忆。

考虑到这些社会、历史和文化的因素，我们在考古发掘、现状勘察的基础上，提出了以现代建筑形式进行保护、展示和延续并扩展宗祠功能的方案。

值得欣喜的是，在建成之后，这里的村民已经开始利用这处经过保护、更新和展示的建筑，恢复举行传统的祭祖仪式。新建的部分不仅满足了遗迹保护的要求，也同时在历史建筑原址为这些传统活动的延续提供了更有积极影响的环境。由此，盛德堂的建设不仅保存了这里的非物质文化遗产，并通过村民的参与使用，加强了人们对物质遗存的保护意愿；也同时通过设法延续这种传统的活动，促进了当地村落的社会结构维持与重建。

对于古建筑遗址本体，我们按现存建筑的面貌和残存的痕迹，经过甄别，拆除在现代使用过程中与历史原貌不相协调的加建，充分体现建筑遗迹的真实性，并对残损严重的艺术构件，进行复位、调直、支护等修缮处理。

新建的保护建筑采用当地的青砖为主要材料，采用传统的砌筑方式为主要建造手段。设计两个展廊和一道后墙将露出地面的遗址和古建筑遗迹围合在其中，也构成了一个向心性的庭院，各界面转译村落中传统民居的内院形式，形成对外封闭、对内开敞的空间特征。

玻璃保护棚覆盖了后殿北次间和明间后墙，呈半开敞状态。覆护下的明间实现特殊节日的祭祀功能，其他部分构成连续的展示空间，展示家族的历史和祠堂的兴衰，平时也为村民提供可以休闲、聚会和纳凉的场所。

新建筑质朴含蓄而不夸张，呼应村落环境、肌理和建造逻辑，以低调姿态融入，体现了对文物本体及其周边历史环境的尊重。

The project originates from a simple repair of a historical building. Through communicating with the local ethnic group during the process, we discovered the significance of the sentiment and collective memory of this historic building of the family temple. Hence, we proposed the current solution to protect the relics, reorganize the functions, exhibit the family history, and carry the sensational memories of the family members, which is expected to enhance the family unity while fulfilling need of the modern life. It also facilitates an active discussion on the conservation of cultural relics.

The Shengdetang Family Temple, also known as the Family Temple of PEI Jin, the Ministry of Tang Dynasty, has a history of 850 years, dating back to the middle of Tang Dynasty. After several destruction and reconstruction, the only remaining parts of the building include the north side bay and the back wall of the central bay of the minor hall. The site is currently categorized as a municipally protected site.

As in typical configuration of traditional Chinese villages, family temples serve as spirit cores for the family members, where people hold the ancestor worship ceremonies, and where important events of the villages take place, bearing the collective memory of the family.

In respect of the social, historical and cultural factors, based on archaeological investigation and on-site survey, we proposed to conserve, explain, maintain, and expand the functions of the family temple through modern architectural means.

We were delighted to find out that after the construction was finished, the family temple has already began to serve again for the family members by providing a renovated venue for the traditional events and ceremonies. It has not only raised the will and awareness of conserving cultural properties, but also sustained the social traditions of the historical village itself. In this way, while the project successfully kept the cultural values of the site intact, it is also capable to fulfill both traditional and contemporary functions, including worship ceremonies, explanation and exhibition of the ruins, and other services. The goals of utilizing diversified conservation methods to explain the cultural property is achieved, and various stakeholders benefit from it.

For the remains of the historic building, after careful on-site survey, we removed the inappropriate additions from the modern times, in order to ensure the authenticity of the architectural relics. We also reset, repaired, and reinforced severely damaged architectural elements.

The newly constructed pavilion is built of local grey bricks with traditional techniques. The two galleries and the back wall semi-encloses the relics of the historic building, creating an introvert courtyard with the facades around it as a translation of the traditional space of the local residences.

The pavilion's roof is made of glass and steel covering the main structure with a semi-open space. The central bay of the historic building protected by the roof could serve for worship ceremonies and other events, with the rest of the space functioning as a continuous gallery to showcase the historic relics. It exhibits the history and traditions of the family, and also offers a comfortable place for the local people to meet up and communicate with each other.

All the interferences were strictly in compliance with the internationally recognized standards of cultural heritage conservation. This project utilized or referred to the local materials, techniques, space and forms of the residence courtyards. The new architectural addition is simple and modest, fitting into its surroundings and spatial patterns, showing respect to the cultural property and its context.

评论

魏浩波：在当代条件下, 呈无序发展态势的乡土村落中的遗址保护通常要面临3种最基本的考量: （1）如何保护？盛德堂遗址展庭以一种半开放的展品姿态对待遗址，即观瞻与可使用并置；现代建构语素清晰而干净的几何体应答同样建构关系明确的遗址木构体系。（2）如何与村落既定的空间生成秩序发生关联？新建体建立了一个以遗址为核心的工整的内院空间形态，并尝试与邻侧的院落产生某种拼接关系，内院系这个村落成组的传统单元。（3）如何介入到村落活络的生活世界中？首先，充分利用宗祠遗址这一特殊建筑类型所天赋的家族公共纪念性的特质，刻意生产仪式性公共生活的发生地；其次，考虑气候因素与亲和性材料配置，制造避雨纳凉体、带大面积阴影的院落、有意味的小天井、有家居质感的红木地面等等，试图达成日常公共生活的常态聚集地。

褚冬竹：一件大胆、谨慎又令人感动的作品！一座早已残败不堪的旧祠堂被赋予全新生命，使延续了800余年的族人情感有了更为妥当的空间载体。旧祠堂残存部分被小心修缮，用现代语言和材料创造出的全新空间“呵护”着它——犹若晚辈恭敬携扶着年迈长者。虽肌肤不同、形体有异，但二者共同撑起了一片链接历史与当下的天空。新建部分平实妥帖，建筑师屏息静气，以极度克制的态度完成了小小的“展庭”营建，几乎将全部光芒留给了沧桑长者。在族人的虔诚祭祀中，感知了建筑师的欣慰，也看到一座古祠堂最根本的“真实”所在。中国之广大，历史之悠久，对遗存“真实性”的现代态度，也将成就现代中国的文化自信之路。对此，建筑将有所作为。

Comments

WEI Haobo: In contemporary conditions, the disorderly heritage protection in aboriginal villages faces three most fundamental issues. First, how should it be protected? Shengdetang Heritage Exhibition Hall adopts a semi-open system through which items are for both appreciation and utilization. The clear and neat geometries from modern construction morphemes promise to construct a clear wooden system for the heritage. Second, how can new spaces generate an orderly relationship with existing spaces? A neat inner courtyard is constructed centering the heritage, which connects to its neighboring courtyards. Inner courtyard constitutes the traditional unit of the village. Third, how can new spaces be incorporated into the active life of the village? a). To make full use of the attribute of public commemoration bestowed by the peculiar architectural type - temple, and to deliberately make places for public ritual activities; b). To take into account climatic factors while choosing materials of affinity, to construct rain shelters and sun shields, courtyards with large areas of shades, patios, cozy mahogany floors, etc., so as to make it a gathering place for daily public activities.

CHU Dongzhu: This is a piece of bold, prudent, and impressive work. A dilapidated temple is revitalized and bestowed with a new life, which provides a proper spatial carrier for the 800-year-old collective memory. The dilapidated part is cautiously renovated, created into a brand-new space with modern language and materials to protect the temple, like a respectful youngster supporting his old grandfather. Though both are in different skins and shapes, they jointly supported that portion of sky that connects past with present. The newly-built part is unadorned but appropriate. Architects completed the little "exhibition hall" in an extraordinarily prudent manner, which leaves all the radiance to "the elderly". In their pious ritual, the clansmen share architects' comfort, and see the genuine authenticity of an ancient temple. "Authenticity" is indeed what heritages demand in China, a country with a vast area of land and a long history. When we adopt it as a modern attitude, this would be a step forward towards cultural confidence. In this regard, architecture can surely make a difference.

Shengdetang Family Temple, Sanya, Hainan, China, 2012

Project Design: LU Zhou, CUI Guanghai/National Centre for Heritage Conservation, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Cultural Heritage Conservation Centre of Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University