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《安德的游戏》——英雄的荣耀与良知

2014-04-01ByOrsonScottCard

新东方英语·中学版 2014年4期
关键词:虫族格拉夫卡德

By+Orson+Scott+Card

奥森·斯科特·卡德(Orson Scott Card, 1951~),美国作家、评论家、公众演说家和政治家。卡德以多种风格和题材进行写作,最初以其科幻小说而闻名。他最著名的代表作为小说《安德的游戏》(Ender's Game)及其续集《死者代言人》(Speaker for the Dead),双双获得了雨果奖和星云奖,也让卡德成为唯一一位连续两年包揽两项美国科幻小说最高奖的作家。

《安德的游戏》发表于1985年,小说讲述了极具军事指挥天赋的少年安德·维京(Ender Wiggin)历经重重磨练和心灵考验,最终指挥太空舰队打败了入侵地球的外星生物虫族的故事。

下文选自本书第14章,讲述安德在游戏中打败并消灭了虫族,结果却发现游戏并非游戏,而是真实的战斗。

Ender took off his headphones, and only then realized that there was just as much noise in the room with him. Men in uniform were hugging each other, laughing, shouting; others were weeping. Colonel Graff came to Ender. Tears streamed down his face, but he was smiling. "Thank you, thank you Ender. Thank God for you, Ender."

He tried to make sense of this. Had he passed the test after all? It was his victory, not theirs; why did they act as if he had won with honor?

Mazer Rackham came straight to Ender and held out his hand. "You made the hard choice, boy. All or nothing. End them or end us. But heaven knows there was no other way you could have done it. Congratulations. You beat them, and it's all over."

All over. Beat them. Ender didn't understand. "I beat you."

Mazer laughed. "Ender, you never played me. You never played a game since I became your enemy."

Ender didn't get the joke. He had played a great many games, at a terrible cost to himself.

Mazer then grew serious and said, "Ender, for the past few months you have been the battle commander of our fleets. This was the Third Invasion. There were no games, the battles were real, and the only enemy you fought was the buggers. You won every battle, and today you finally fought them at their home world, where the queen was, all the queens from all their colonies, they all were there and you destroyed them completely. They'll never attack us again. You did it. You."

Real. Not a game. Ender's mind was too tired to cope with it all. They weren't just points of light in the air; they were real ships that he had fought with and real ships he had destroyed. And a real world that he had blasted into oblivion1). He walked through the crowd, ignoring their words, their rejoicing. When he got to his own room he stripped off his clothes, climbed into bed, and slept.

Ender awoke when they shook him. It took a moment to recognize them. Graff and Rackham. He turned his back on them.

"Ender, we need to talk to you," said Graff. Ender rolled back to face them.

"They've been playing out the videos on Earth all day, all night since the battle yesterday."endprint

"Yesterday?" He had slept through until the next day.

"You're a hero. Ender. They've seen what you did. You and the others."

"I killed them all, didn't I?" Ender asked.

"All who?" asked Graff. "The buggers? That was the idea."

Mazer leaned in close. "That's what the war was for."

"All their queens. So I killed all their children, all of everything."

"They decided that when they attacked us. It wasn't your fault. It's what had to happen."

Ender grabbed Mazer's uniform, pulling him down so they were face to face. "I didn't want to kill them all. I didn't want to kill anybody! I'm not a killer! You didn't want me, you bastards, you wanted Peter, but you made me do it, you tricked me into it!" He was crying. He was out of control.

"Of course we tricked you into it. That's the whole point," said Graff. "It had to be a trick or you couldn't have done it. It's the bind2) we were in. We had to have a commander with so much empathy that he would think like the buggers, understand them and anticipate them. So much compassion that he could win the love of his underlings3) and work with them like a perfect machine, as perfect as the buggers. But somebody with that much compassion could never be the killer we needed. Could never go into battle willing to win at all costs. If you knew, you couldn't do it. If you were the kind of person who would do it even if you knew, you could never have understood the buggers well enough."

"And it had to be a child, Ender," said Mazer. "I was too old and cautious. Any decent person who knows what warfare is can never go into battle with a whole heart. But you didn't know. We made sure you didn't know. You were reckless4) and brilliant and young. It's what you were born for."

"We had pilots with our ships, didn't we?"

"Yes."

"I was ordering pilots to go in and die and I didn't even know it."

"They knew it, Ender, and they went anyway. They knew what it was for."

"You never asked me! You never told me the truth about anything!"

"You had to be a weapon, Ender. Like a gun, like the Little Doctor, functioning perfectly but not knowing what you were aimed at. We aimed you. We're responsible. If there was something wrong, we did it."

"Tell me later," Ender said. His eyes closed.

安德摘下耳机,这才发现房间里也是一片沸沸扬扬。穿着制服的军人们相互拥抱、欢呼大笑,其他人则泪流满面。格拉夫上校(编注:安德在太空战斗学校的校长兼导师)来到安德面前。泪水从他的脸上滑落,但他却在微笑着。“谢谢你,谢谢你,安德。感谢上帝把你赐予我们,安德。”endprint

安德尽力想弄明白这到底是怎么回事。他最终通过测试了吗?这是他的胜利,又不是他们的,为什么他们表现得好像他的胜利是无上的荣耀一般?

马泽·雷汉(编注:在虫族第二次入侵中打败虫族的指挥官)径直走到安德面前,向他伸出手。“你做了一个艰难的选择,孩子。大获全胜或者一败涂地。消灭它们或者被它们消灭。但天知道你别无选择,只能那样做。祝贺你。你打败了它们,一切都结束了。”

一切都结束了。打败了它们。安德一头雾水。“我打败的是你呀!”

马泽放声大笑。“安德,你从来没有和我作战过。自从我成为你的敌人之后,你玩的游戏就不再是游戏了。”

安德没太听懂这个笑话。他之前打了多少场游戏,为此付出了多少心血!

紧接着,马泽神情严肃起来。他说:“安德,在过去的几个月中,你已经成为我们舰队的指挥官。这次战斗是虫族的第三次入侵。没有什么游戏,那些战斗都是真实的,而唯一与你作战的敌人就是虫族。每一场战斗你都取得了胜利,而今天你终于和虫族在它们的大本营决一死战,它们的母后(编注:指负责繁衍生息的虫族母后)和所有虫族殖民地的母后都在那里,而你把它们全都消灭了。它们再也不会来侵略我们了。你做到了。是你。”

这是真实的。这不是游戏。安德太累了,他已经完全搞不明白这到底是怎么回事。他们不是空中的光点,他指挥的飞船都是真实的飞船,他毁灭的飞船也是真实的飞船。被他炸得夷为平地的那个世界也是真真切切的世界。他穿过人群,无视他们的祝贺之词和喜悦之情。他走进自己的房间,脱下衣服,然后爬到床上睡着了。

安德醒来时他们正在摇晃他。过了好一会儿他才认出那是格拉夫和马泽。他翻过身背对着他们。

“安德,我们需要和你谈谈。”格拉夫说。安德翻过身来面向他们。

“从昨天战斗结束后,他们就在地球上整日整夜地播放那场战斗的录像。”

“昨天?”他已经睡了整整一天。

“你成了英雄了,安德。他们都看到了你的事迹,你和其他同伴们的事迹。”

“我把它们全都杀死了,是吗?”安德问道。

“你指的是谁?”格拉夫说,“是虫族吗?那是我们的愿望啊。”

马泽俯下身子。“那正是这场战争的目的。”

“它们所有的母后都死了。所以我杀死了它们所有的孩子,我把它们的一切都毁了。”

“它们攻击我们的时候,就已经做出了那样的选择。这不是你的错。我们不得不这样做。”

安德一把抓住马泽的制服,把他拉到面前。“我根本不想全部杀死它们。我不想杀死任何人!我不是个杀人狂!你们原本需要的不是我,混蛋,你们需要的是彼得(编注:指安德生性凶残的哥哥),但你们强迫我做这些事,你们骗我去做这些事!”安德放声大哭,完全失去了控制。

“没错,我们是欺骗了你,但这是整个计划的关键,”格拉夫说,“我们只能采用欺骗的手段,否则你就不可能完成这个任务。我们别无选择。我们必须挑选一个有着高度同理心的指挥官,他要像虫族一样思考,能够理解它们,并且可以预测它们的行动。他要拥有足够的同情心来赢得下属的敬爱,与他们合作无间,如机器一般天衣无缝,就像虫族一样浑然一体(编注:虫族没有语言,全部通过母后进行思维交流,宛如一体)。但同情心泛滥的人也永远不可能成为我们所需要的杀手,他无法不惜任何代价投入战斗,志在取胜。如果你知道了真相,你是不可能完成这个任务的。而如果你是那种即使在知道真相后也愿意执行任务的人,那你永远都不可能对虫族有如此深刻的了解。”

“而且这个任务必须由孩子来完成,安德,”马泽说,“我年纪太大了,而且过于谨慎。任何一个知道战争是怎么回事的正派人士都不可能全身心地投入到战斗中去。但你不知道。我们确保不让你知道。你年轻、聪明,而且没有那么多顾虑。这就是你出生的目的。”

“我们的飞船里都有飞行员,是吗?”

“是的。”

“我当时命令那些飞行员冒死前进,而我却对此一无所知。”

“他们知道,安德,而且他们义无反顾地执行了命令。他们知道这样做是为了什么。”

“可你们从来没有问过我!你们什么真相都没有告诉过我!”

“你必须成为我们的武器,安德。就像是一把枪,像是‘小医生(编注:一种威力强大无比的生化武器),能够完美地运作,却不知道瞄准的目标是什么。我们的目标是你,我们对此负责。如果出了什么问题,那是我们造成的。”

“以后再说吧。”安德说着闭上了眼睛。

1. oblivion [??bl?vi?n] n. (彻底的)毁灭

2. bind [ba?nd] n. <口>困境,尴尬的处境

3. underling [??nd?l??] n. <常贬>下属,下手

4. reckless [?rekl?s] adj. 不顾虑的

赏析

《安德的游戏》是一部十分经典的科幻小说,它将故事的背景设置在未来。然而,这部科幻小说不止是把时间设置在未来,不止是有外星生物加入,也不是以高科技武器来故弄玄虚,而是借“科幻”这个外壳赋予故事以更广阔的想象空间,但这种天马行空的想象并未削减故事的人文内涵。小说讲述了一个英雄的成长历程,但却以一种出乎意料的方式结束,英雄身上背负的不再是纯粹的荣耀,还有良知的拷问。

小说作者卡德出生在一个传统的摩门教家庭,其创作深受摩门教的影响。在他的小说中,主人公往往拥有上帝一般的洞察力和感召力,能够改变团队的命运,掌控世界的未来。安德就是这样一个典型的卡德式英雄。小说中的地球已经连续两次遭到外星虫族的入侵,第二次伤亡尤为惨重,人类濒临灭亡。负责保卫人类安全的国际舰队根据对虫族的研究,认为必须在全世界范围内寻找天才儿童,把他们送到专门的战斗学校培养成军事奇才来消灭虫族,人类才可能有存活的希望。安德的父母就是在这种情况下,破例得到政府允许而生下了他们的第三个孩子安德(编注:在小说中,每个家庭只允许有两个孩子)。安德的出现分明有着命中注定的意味。正如他的英文名字Ender所暗示的,他的确是一切混沌和矛盾的终结者。政府本来寄希望于安德的哥哥彼得和姐姐华伦蒂,却发现他俩虽然都表现出了不错的特质,但都过于纯粹,一个至恶,一个至善。然而,一个肩负着终结任务的英雄既需要极端的纯粹,也需要极端的反差。在安德身上,这两者完美地结合在一起。具有罕见军事天赋的安德在六岁时就被选中,顺利通过残酷的模拟战斗,逐渐由新兵成长为舰队司令。在战斗学校里,为激发安德的潜力、培养他的领导能力,教官故意让他被其他队员孤立,并改变游戏规则,屡次把他逼入险境。然而,在面临现实和心灵的冲击时,安德仍能够处理得游刃有余,一次次化险为夷。安德用实力赢得了队友的信任和对手的尊重,一次次勇敢地突破自己的体能和心理极限,并在最后一次“游戏训练”中,带领团队消灭了虫族,赢得了战斗的胜利。endprint

然而,故事却在此时发生了意想不到的反转。节选部分正是故事的转折点,为我们揭示了事情的真相。原来,与虫族的这次决战是生死之战,需要指挥官不惜一切代价、全力以赴。为保证任务顺利完成,教官们并没有告诉安德他指挥的其实是真实的战斗。这种谎言对安德来说实在是莫大的伤害。战斗结束后才得知真相的安德无比震惊:因为他,无数飞行员丧命;因为他,虫族被彻底毁灭。他发现自己的双手沾满了无辜者的鲜血。真相是那么残酷,它煎熬着心灵,拷问着良知,仿佛是一个永远看不到尽头的深渊,带来的是难以摆脱的无尽痛苦。战斗英雄安德成了全人类的骄傲,然而,当荣耀的光环环绕着他的时候,他却选择了自我放逐。他按照虫族女王幽灵的指引,找到了尚在茧中的最后一个虫族女王,带着它,和姐姐华伦蒂一起踏上了寻找适合虫族复兴的星球之旅。

小说令人印象最为深刻的一点是,安德面对保全自身与彻底毁灭敌人这一两难选择时一次次的扪心自问。每当训练中出于自保而伤害了他人时,他都会陷入深深的悔恨与自我厌恶中。因为毫无人性的训练意在让安德变得冷酷无情,而他内心一隅那孩童式的单纯和温柔却始终未曾泯灭和改变。强与弱,杀戮与拯救,暴力与和平——这些相反的力量相互撕扯,纠缠不休,他的心灵只得痛苦地挣扎。这也使安德与传统的英雄形象完全不同,他不想做一个杀手,却一次次被迫伤害生命,承受良知对灵魂的拷问。理智与情感的冲突使他成了最身不由己的英雄。在众声喧哗、举杯相庆中,他却只感到冰冷的令人绝望的孤独——在人世中的孤独,在时间中的孤独,在宇宙中的孤独。英雄的荣耀并不是他想要的,因为那荣耀是以牺牲自我、泯灭人性为基础的,是以伤害和杀戮为代价的。他只想简简单单地做个好人,不想沦为任人摆布的工具和冰冷的战斗机器。

小说只用一句谎言就让安德完成了少年向成人的蜕变,近乎血淋淋地揭开了理智与情感、荣耀与良知纠缠过程中产生的痛楚。与虫族女王幽灵的相遇终于给安德以自我救赎的机会。而虫族女王之所以信任安德,也正是因为他本性仁厚的缘故。安德带着尚在茧中的最后一个虫族女王远走既是他对游戏规则的重新思考,也是他对权威的否定和反抗。他始终在反思战争,反思自身,并最终以沟通来代替对抗,以独立思考来拒绝把控和利用,以温暖的仁爱之心来消解冰冷的理智。

小说的背景虽然设定在未来,然而,未来与当下的距离却使我们得以站在旁观者的视角审视现在的自己。当人们的一言一行像机器一样越来越僵硬的时候,当太多的理智与算计充斥着生活的时候,当亲情、友情和爱情逐渐被物质的洪流吞没的时候,我们更需要良知的回归、情感的润泽和独立的思考。只有这样,责任才不会与良知相抵触,冰冷才能被温暖所消融。

译·赏析 / 辛彩娜endprint

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