升级

升级

Upscaling

他们认为全球变暖是紧迫问题，而可持续性是解决方法。因此，对于可操作性的需求，以及尽快找到一种人类设想的最聪明、最雄心勃勃的最佳解决方案的需求越来越大。他们的想法似乎是，如果我们能想出解决方案，我们就可以在最短的时间里提升它们并改变我们的命运。

They see global warming as the urgent problem, and sustainability as the solution. Hence the increased need for operationalization, for a way to "roll out" the best solutions conceived of by humanity’s brightest and most ambitious, as fast as possible. Their idea seems to be that, if we can imagine the solutions, we can upscale them in record time and change our destiny.

将社会、环境和经济目标绑在一起，“可持续发展”的概念使行业和政府有可能追求一个共同的议程。

Tying together social, environmental and economic goals, the notion “sustainable development” made it possible for industries and governments to pursue a common agenda.

没有一个国家或行业不希望在“下一次工业革命”中有一个良好的开端。

There isn't a country or an industry that doesn't want a head start in "the next industrial revolution".

意想不到的问题出现……

Unexpected problems arise…

外交渠道被用于推动当地产业。

Diplomatic channels are used to push local industries.

……某些过于成功的运动，却以失败告终。之后采取激烈的反向措施，在市民和商业中造成混乱。

…and certain, too successful campaigns, end up backfiring. Drastic counter measures are then called for, leaving citizens and businesses in disarray.

公司以可持续性来推销他们的产品，国家也支持它们，希望在促成一个更美好的环境的同时，刺激经济增长。

Companies market their products as sustainable, states support them in the hope of contributing to a better environment, while stimulating economic growth.

但是，并不是所有都既适用于小的尺度，也适用于大规模。

But not everything that works on a small scale, also works on a large scale.

从未有人说过，转型到一个平衡社会的过程中不会伴有一些不平衡。

Nobody ever said that the transition to a balanced society wouldn't cause some unbalance along the way.

1 “升级”展台/The table of "Upscaling"

评论

周宇舫：人类对于生活品质的诉求和对于自身的错误的反思，是推动文明发展的动力。绿色建筑理念所引起的建造革命，产生了新的建筑范式。然而，急于求成的扩大化倾向，将一个时期的建造活动，作为一个近乎失控的实物性试验，所带来的结果也可能是失败的。那么，谁来“清洁”这个试验的“尾气”？难道人类的文明发展已经到了靠解决自身导致的问题作为动力的时代？黄伟文：可持续发展模式成为新一轮产业升级甚至革命的旗帜，各国家地区和行业都不甘落后。但古话说“欲速则不达”，有很多行业技术和标准其实是有缺陷甚至适得其反。像展览提到的泡沫保温层的易燃性，已经烧着了北京奥运后的CCTV附楼和世博会后的上海高楼。展览还展示了长沙远大想在7个月内建成世界第一高楼的“天空之城”计划。策展团队Rotor非常纳闷视频里的配乐为何如此雄壮高亢，并追问我这一计划的可能性。我怎么向他解释，像张跃这代中国人经历的更雄壮高亢的跃进时代，和现在仍然遍布神洲大地各种农家院落里的汽车、飞机、潜艇的个人研发现象？当然，想到体系和规范框架内创新的更加乏力，我只能对他说，这是中国的另类创新，为什么不让其试试呢？也许高手真的在民间，只是这配乐嘛……调门确实高了些。

Comments

ZHOU Yufang:Man's pursuit of an improving quality of life and his reflection on his own mistakes couple to create the force that propels civilization. And the idea of "green architecture" has kindled a construction revolution and a new architectural paradigm. But our desire for growth (quality of life addiction) could turn this construction into an uncontrollable experiment, one that will probably fail. Who is going to "clean the exhaust" of this experiment? Are we heading into a time when human beings develop only by correcting our own mistakes?

HUANG Weiwen:Sustainable development has become the vanguard of economic upgrading all over the world. Various countries, regions and industrial sectors are competing to be pioneers in what may even be considered as a new industrial revolution. But there is a popular saying, "haste makes waste." Quite a few industrial technologies and standards are flawed or even counterproductive. Take the OAT exhibition's display of foam polystyrene insulation materials as an example. This highly flammable material caught fire in two highly publicized incidents, Beijing's CCTV tower, built shortly after the Olympic games, and a high-rise tower in Shanghai, built shortly after the World Expo.The exhibition also displays the "Sky City" Plan of the Changsha Yuanda Group, who planned to construct and complete the world tallest building within seven months. Rotor, the curators of the exhibition, were very puzzled that the soundtrack of Yuanda's exhibit was as majestic and sonorous as it was. They kept on asking me about the feasibility of their plan. How could I answer their questions? They haven't lived in the fast paced, but majestic and sonorous, era that Yuanda's founder ZHANG Yue has experienced in China. How can I tell them about the current crop of innovation found everywhere in China, even in rural courtyards? Compared to the rigid government's rigid institutions, these exciting innovators, designing cars, airplanes, submarines, and even enormous buildings, represent an alternate outlet for creativity that is worth trying out. These innovators exist outside the government run research institutes, with the people. That being said, maybe these curators were right, perhaps the soundtrack is a bit too majestic.

2 描绘在一栋1980年代办公楼屋顶上安装太阳能电池板的效果图，这是将其转换成一个“发电站”工程的一部分，该建筑产生的能量超过其使用者消耗的能量。

“据我们所知，以前没有对现存建筑翻修后能达到这种能源标准。这是独一无二的，但也是任何人都可以做到的”，建筑事务所的董事兼合伙人托森说。

Render showing solar panels being installed on the rooftop of a 1980's office building as part of the changes made to convert it into a "powerhouse", a building that produces more energy than its occupants consume.

"As far as we know, no one has previously renovated an existing office building to this energy standard. This is unique, yet it is something anyone can do", says Thorsen, director and partner in the architectural firm.

项目/Project： 桑维卡Kjørbo发电站，FutureBuilt、Snøhetta、Skanska、ZERO、Hydro、Entra Eidom，桑维卡（挪威），2014年/Powerhouse Kjørbo in Sandvika by FutureBuilt, Snøhetta, Skanska, ZERO, Hydro, Entra Eidom, Sandvika (Norway), 2014

3 这个由预制元件组装、计划在6个月内建成、高830m的220层大楼，欲成为世界上最高的大楼。该大楼将容纳超过1.7万住户，将相当于整个城市的人集中在一个建筑物中。施工计划于2013年6月开始。工程由于涉及到许可证的问题而被叫停。图为预组装厂和运送预制楼板的照片。

Planned to be built in six months, this 830m and 220-storey tower, assembled from prefabricated elements, aspires to become the world's tallest tower. The tower will house more than 17 000 residents, concentrating the equivalent of an entire city into a single building. Construction was scheduled to begin in June 2013. Works were halted due to complications with permits. Photographs of the pre-assembly factory and transport of prefabricated floorplates.

项目/Project： 天空之城，远大可持续建筑公司，长沙（中国），2014年/Sky City One by Broad Sustainable Building, Changsha (China), 2014（摄影/ Photos： Noah Sheldon）

4 欧盟用来测试紫外线激活二氧化钛吸收交通排放二氧化氮颗粒的能力、而在隧道中安装装置的图片。没有记录到明显的污染减排。该紫外灯有限的能力以及空气湿度，被认为是导致测试不能复制在实验室条件下得到结果的原因。

环境管理部门的弗兰斯·菲伦斯表示：“几个类似的试验已经失败了。空气政策的本质应该是避免空气污染，而不是清洁受到污染的空气。”

Image of an installation set up in a tunnel by a European consortium to test the capacity of titanium dioxide activated by UV light to absorb NO2particles emitted by traffic. No noticeable pollution reduction was registered. The limited capacity of the UV lighting, as well as the air humidity, were given as reasons for the failure of the test to replicate results obtained in laboratory conditions.

Frans Fierens of the environmental administration comments："Several similar tests had already failed. The essence of air policy should be to avoid air pollution, not the cleaning of polluted air."光催化治理演示，PhotoPAQ，布鲁塞尔（比利时），2013年/Demonstration of photocatalytic remediation by PhotoPAQ, Brussels (Belgium), 2013

5 2009年联合国气候变化大会“丹麦专有技术”展示用学生服务设施。该建筑是由科技创新局出资，辅以私人合作伙伴（包括威卢克斯公司、洛科威公司、Veksø、可耐福和Danogips） 11%的实物赞助。图为参观该建筑物的俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫与丹麦官员合影。

A student services facility designed as a showcase of "Danish know-how" for the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference. The building was paid for by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, complemented with 11% of sponsoring in kind from private partners including： Velux, Rockwool, Veksø, Knauf and Danogips.

Image of the Russian President Medvedev and Danish officials visiting the building.

项目/Project：绿色灯塔，克里斯滕森建筑事务所，哥本哈根（丹麦），2009年/Green Lighthouse by Christensen & Co Arkitekter, Copenhagen (Denmark), 2009（摄影/Photo： Lizette Kabré）

6 西班牙首相拉霍伊特写海报，用在一次针对禁止在西班牙使用离网型太阳能的新法律提案的抗议中。从2007年起，西班牙政府采取财政上的激励措施，鼓励人们在家庭和企业安装光伏电池板。这些措施非常成功，现在光伏容量已经远远大于电力公司的处理能力，而补贴造成巨大的公共预算赤字。为此，政府转而要求电力公司购买太阳能，并开始收太阳能发电税。

Poster, featuring Spanish prime minister Rajoy, used at a protest against a new law proposal that would make off-grid solar energy consumption illegal in Spain. From 2007 onwards, the Spanish government provided financial incentives for people to install PV panels on homes and businesses. These measures proved so successful that the PV capacity is now far bigger than power companies can handle, while the subsidies cause huge public budget deficits. In response, the government reversed the obligation for power companies to buy solar energy and started taxing solar electricity production.

Rubén Griñena Cobo for Albasolar Energy，巴塞罗那（西班牙），2013年/Rubén Griñena Cobo for Albasolar Energy, Barcelona (Spain), 2013

7、8 德国《明镜周刊》发表的烧毁立面的图片。在德国，关于使用发泡聚苯乙烯保温材料已经产生了争议。在对房屋强制要求保温值的政府法规的刺激下，对聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的消费一直在急剧增加。虽然它常被认为是一种高性能且易于使用的产品，但反对意见强调，其高度易燃的特性构成了一种严重的安全隐患。

Images of burnt facades published by the German magazine Der Spiegel. In Germany, controversy has arisen around the use of foamed polystyrene insulation materials. Stirred by government regulations imposing higher insulation values for houses, there has been a sharp increase in the consumption of polystyrene foam. While often considered a high-performance and easy-touse product, critics stress that its highly flammable properties pose a serious safety hazard.

保温材料可燃性研究，不伦瑞克技术大学，不伦瑞克（德国），2005年/Research on Flammability of Insulation Materials by Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig (Germany), 2005（摄影/Photos： Güven Purtul）

9-11 一个为了优化光伏发电、隔热、通风和照明的原型几何体的参数化建模。

a.一个4层楼展馆案例研究的模型（1：40，图9）

b.已实现原型的照片，受一家当地电力公司委托并以其命名（图10、11）

Parametric modelling of a prototype's geometry in order to optimise photovoltaic electricity production, insulation, ventilation and lighting.

a. Model (1：40) of a case study four-storey pavilion (Fig. 9)

b. Photos of the realised prototype, commissioned by and named after a local electricity company (Fig. 10, 11)

项目/Project：西班牙国家电力公司馆，MaRGeN-lab协同加泰罗利亚高等建筑学院（IaaC）和西班牙国家电力公司，巴塞罗那（西班牙），2011年/Endesa Pavilion by MaRGeN-Lab with IaaC and Endesa, Barcelona (Spain), 2011（摄影/Photos：Adriá Goula）