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拟诺卡氏放线菌YIM 90087 的代谢产物研究

2014-01-10丁章贵李铭刚文孟良赵江源

天然产物研究与开发 2014年8期
关键词:苄基分子式柱层析

徐 伟,丁章贵,李铭刚,文孟良,赵江源*

1云南大学云南省微生物研究所,昆明 650091;2 安徽省应用技术研究院,合肥 230031

拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis,Meyer 1976 年提出[1])微生物是一类高G +C 含量革兰氏阳性好氧菌,广泛分布于各种环境中,尤其在中度和高度盐环境中呈优势微生物群落。拟诺卡氏属目前已有个49个有效描述种[2]。人们对从各种环境中分离的拟诺卡氏菌的次生代谢产物进行了研究,通过发酵分离出很多结构类型丰富的化合物。Apoptolidins A-G[3-7]、K-252 a-d[8,9]、Lucentamycin A-E[10,11]、Nocapyrones A-G[12,13]、Nocardioazine A-B[14]、Nocazines A-C、Nocazoline A[13]、Nocardiopsin A-B[15]、Naphthospironone A[16]和Griseusins F-G[17]等一系列结构新颖、具有生物活性的天然产物的发现为创新药物研究提供了丰富的来源。

本文通过对35 株拟诺卡放线菌发酵提取物的TLC 化学多样性进行筛选,最终将TLC 条带最为丰富的菌株YIM90087 确定为研究菌株。该菌株是2004 年由李文均等人从中国新疆高盐土壤中分离出来的一株拟诺卡放线菌,并鉴定为Nocardiopsis gilva sp.nov.[18]。通过对其固体发酵提取物进行化学成分研究,从中共分离得到10个化合物,这些化合物的结构类型主要为环肽类化合物,其中化合物5 为2013 年发表的一个新的三联苯类化合物,化合物4 仅见化学合成报道,作为天然产物未见报道。

1 材料与方法

1.1 仪器与材料

Bruker AM-400 型核磁共振仪;Bruker DRX-500型核磁共振仪;Agilent G3250AA LC/MSD TOF 型质谱仪;薄层层析硅胶板和柱层析硅胶G,200~300目(青岛海洋化工厂);Sephadex LH-20 葡聚糖凝胶(Amersham Pharmacia);Waters 高效液相色谱仪(515-2996);岛津制备型高效液相色谱仪(LC-8A);其他化学试剂均为国产分析纯。

1.2 发酵菌株

菌株YIM90087 由云南省微生物研究所唐蜀昆老师提供,该菌种于2004 年由云南省微生物研究所李文均等人鉴定为拟诺卡氏菌属的一个新种(Nocardiopsis gilva sp.nov.),菌株保存于云南省微生物研究所。

1.3 培养基及培养条件

斜面培养基:淀粉20 g/L,蛋白胨2 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,KNO32 g/L,MgSO40.5 g/L,K2HPO40.5 g/L,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g/L,1% NaCl。

种子培养基:葡萄糖10 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,牛肉膏5 g/L,CaCl2·2H2O 0.74 g/L,1% NaCl。

发酵培养基:葡萄糖10 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,牛肉膏5 g/L,CaCl2·2H2O 0.74 g/L,琼脂15~20 g/L,pH=10,5% NaCl。

种子液制备:从新鲜斜面培养中将菌株转接到装有100 mL 种子培养基的500 mL 锥形瓶中,于35℃、200 rpm 摇床培养4 d。

将种子液按10%接种量转接到固体培养基平板中,每个平板装25 mL 培养基,共发酵1500个平板,35 ℃培养14 d。

1.4 提取与分离

将发酵好的固体培养基划成小块、粉碎,放于锥形瓶中用等体积丙酮超声提取3 次,所得提取液经减压浓缩至浸膏,将浸膏悬浮于蒸馏水后加入等体积乙酸乙酯萃取至无色,将乙酸乙酯减压浓缩,最后得到发酵粗提物39.9 g。发酵粗提物经硅胶柱层析,用氯仿-甲醇梯度(100∶0、60∶1、40∶1、20∶1、9∶1、1∶1,V/V)洗脱,共得到9个组分(S1~S9)。S2 用石油醚-丙酮(10∶1)柱层析得到化合物5(15 mg)和6(8 mg)。S3 经凝胶Sephadex LH-20 柱层析,用甲醇洗脱得化合物1(8 mg)、2(6 mg)和3(5 mg)。S4经硅胶柱层析,用石油醚-丙酮(8∶1)洗脱得化合物4(9 mg)、7(7 mg)和8(5 mg)。S7 经硅胶柱层析,用氯仿-丙酮(9∶1)洗脱再经C18 反相柱层析,用甲醇-水(5 ∶95)洗脱得化合物9(8 mg),剩余再经HPLC 制备,用甲醇-水(10∶90)洗脱得化合物10(9 mg)。

2 结构鉴定

图1 化合物1~10 的化学结构Fig.1 Chemical structures of compounds 1-10

化合物1 无色针晶(甲醇);mp.267~269 ℃;分子式为C11H12N2O2;ESI-MS m/z:227 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:7.92 (1H,br s,1-NH),4.06 (1H,m,H-3),8.19 (1H,br s,4-NH),3.33-2.72 (2H,d,J=17.4 Hz,H-6),3.09~2.88 (2H,dd,J=13.4,4.2 Hz,H-7),7.16 (2H,d,J=5.7 Hz,H-9,13),7.27 (2H,m,H-10,12),7.26(1H,m,H-11);13C NMR (DMSO,125 MHz)δ:167.4 (C-2),55.6 (C-3),165.9 (C-5),43.7 (C-6),38.9 (C-7),136.0 (C-8),130.2 (C-9,13),128.3 (C-10,12),126.9 (C-11)。以上数据与文献报道[19]一致,确定化合物1 为(3S)-3-苄基-2,5-哌嗪二酮。

化合物2 白色粉末;mp.265~266 ℃;分子式为C10H18N2O3;ESI-MS m/z:237 [M+Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:7.89 (1H,br s,1-NH),3.57 (1H,m,H-3),8.08 (1H,br s,4-NH),3.56(1H,m,H-6),1.87 (1H,m,H-7),1.50-1.10 (2H,m,H-8),0.80 (3H,m,H-9),0.90 (3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-10),3.97 (1H,m,H-11),4.86 (1H,br s,11-OH),1.09 (3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-12);13C NMR(DMSO,125 MHz)δ:167.3 (C-2),58.9 (C-3),166.9 (C-5),60.1 (C-6),38.8(C-7),24.6(C-8),11.7(C-9),15.4(C-10),66.8(C-11),20.3(C-12)。以上数据与文献报道[20]基本一致,确定化合物2 为(3S,6S)-3-(2-丁基)-6-(1-羟乙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮。

化合物3 白色针晶(甲醇);mp.236~238 ℃;分子式为 C9H16N2O3;ESI-MS m/z:223 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:7.93 (1H,br s,1-NH),3.69 (1H,m,H-3),8.04 (1H,br s,4-NH),3.79 (1H,m,H-6),1.85 (1H,m,H-7),1.46-1.14 (2H,m,H-8),0.82 (3H,m,H-9),0.91 (3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-10),3.65-3.57 (2H,dd,J=10.9,2.8 Hz,H-11);13C NMR (DMSO,125 MHz)δ:166.7(C-2),58.8 (C-3),166.2 (C-5),56.8 (C-6),38.5(C-7),24.3 (C-8),11.8 (C-9),15.1 (C-10),62.5(C-11)。以上数据与文献报道[21]基本一致,确定化合物3 为(3S,6S)-3-(2-丁基)-6-羟甲基-2,5-哌嗪二酮。

化合物4 白色针晶(甲醇);mp.90~92 ℃;[α]21D-24.5 (c 9.0,DMF);分子式为C10H9NO3;ESIMS m/z:214 [M+Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:4.32 (1H,m,H-3),7.93 (1H,br s,4-NH),2.92 (2H,s,H-6),7.17 (2H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-8,12),7.26 (2H,m,H-9,11),7.21 (1H,m,H-10);13C NMR (DMSO,125 MHz)δ:175.4 (C-2),58.5(C-3),157.4 (C-5),36.5 (C-6),135.7 (C-7),129.9 (C-8,12),128.2 (C-9,11),126.8 (C-10)。以上数据与文献报道[22]基本一致,确定化合物4 为(4S)-4-苄基-1,3-恶唑-2,5-二酮。

化合物5 白色针晶(甲醇);分子式为C22H22O5;ESI-MS m/z:389 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:7.37 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2,6),7.06(1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3,5),3.88 (3H,s,H-7),6.76 (1H,s,H-5'),3.69 (3H,s,H-7'),3.61 (3H,s,H-8'),7.55 (2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-2'',6''),6.99(2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-3'',5''),3.87 (3H,s,H-7'');13C NMR (CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:124.4 (C-1),131.5 (C-2,6),114.6 (C-3,5),159.4 (C-4),55.3(C-7),121.4 (C-1'),151.4 (C-2'),144.2 (C-3'),135.4 (C-4'),111.4 (C-5'),149.1 (C-6'),60.8(C-7'),,60.7 (C-8'),130.3 (C-1''),130.2 (C-2'',6''),113.6 (C-3'',5''),158.9 (C-4''),55.3(C-7'')。以上波谱数据与文献报道[23]一致,确定化合物5 为6'-羟基-4,2',3',4''-四甲氧基-对三联苯。

化合物6 白色针晶(甲醇);mp.293~295 ℃;分子式为C15H20N2O3;ESI-MS m/z:299 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:9.15 (1H,br s,1-NH),4.66 (1H,m,H-3),9.27 (1H,br s,4-NH),4.18 (1H,m,H-6),3.57~3.24 (2H,dd,J=13.6,5.3 Hz,H-7),7.38 (2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-9,13),7.11 (2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-10,12),11.40(1H,br s,11-OH),1.65-0.97 (2H,m,H-14),1.96(1H,m,H-15),0.92 (3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-16),0.90 (3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-17);13C NMR (DMSO,125 MHz)δ:169.5 (C-2),57.7 (C-3),168.2 (C-5),54.3 (C-6),40.4 (C-7),127.7 (C-8),132.5(C-9,13),116.8 (C-10,12),158.7 (C-11),45.3(C-14),24.9 (C-15),23.7 (C-16),21.8 (C-17)。以上数据与文献报道[24]基本一致,确定化合物6 为(3S,6S)-3-(4-羟苄基)-6-异丁基-2,5-哌嗪二酮。

化合物7 白色针晶(甲醇);mp.148~150 ℃;分子式为C10H16N2O2;ESI-MS m/z:219 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:5.76 (1H,br s,2-NH),3.97 (1H,m,H-3),3.63 (2H,m,H-6),2.07-1.92 (2H,m,H-7),2.41-2.05 (2H,m,H-8),4.11 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-9),2.66 (1H,m,H-10),1.09 (3H,d,J=7.7 Hz,H-11),0.95 (3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-12);13C NMR (DMSO,125 MHz)δ:169.9 (C-1),60.5 (C-3),165.1 (C-4),45.2 (C-6),22.4 (C-7),28.3 (C-8),58.9 (C-9),28.5 (C-10),19.5 (C-11),16.1 (C-12)。以上数据与文献报道[25]基本一致,确定化合物7 为(3R,8aS)-3-异丙基-六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮。

化合物8 白色针晶(甲醇);mp.230~232 ℃;分子式为 C9H16N2O2;ESI-MS m/z:207 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:8.11 (1H,br s,1-NH),3.76 (1H,m,H-3),8.14 (1H,br s,4-NH),3.86 (1H,dd,J=6.7,2.3Hz,H-6),1.60~1.46 (2H,m,H-7),1.81 (1H,m,H-8),0.86 (3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-9),0.88 (3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-10),1.26 (3H,d,J=6.7 Hz,H-11);13C NMR(DMSO,125 MHz)δ:168.4 (C-2),52.6 (C-3),168.9 (C-5),49.9 (C-6),42.6 (C-7),23.6 (C-8),21.9 (C-9),23.0 (C-10),19.6 (C-11)。以上数据与文献报道[26]一致,确定化合物8 为(3S,6S)-3-异丁基-6-甲基-2,5-哌嗪二酮。

化合物9 白色针晶(甲醇);分子式为C13H16N2O3;ESI-MS m/z:271 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:7.88 (1H,br s,1-NH),4.08 (1H,m,H-3),8.20 (1H,br s,4-NH),3.92 (1H,d,J=3.8 Hz,H-6),2.93-2.71 (2H,dd,J=7.6,2.6 Hz,H-7),7.23 (2H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-9,13),7.26 (2H,m,H-10,12),7.21 (1H,m,H-11),3.35 (1H,m,H-14),1.08 (3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-15);13C NMR(DMSO,125 MHz)δ:167.4 (C-2),56.6 (C-3),169.1 (C-5),60.9 (C-6),39.3 (C-7),136.9 (C-8),130.3 (C-9,13),128.2 (C-10,12),126.7 (C-11),72.6 (C-14),19.6 (C-15)。以上数据与文献报道[27]基本一致,确定化合物9 为(3S,6S)-3-苄基-6-(1-羟乙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮。

化合物10 白色针晶(甲醇);分子式为C14H18N2O3;ESI-MS m/z:285 [M +Na]+;1H NMR (DMSO,500 MHz)δ:7.79 (1H,br s,1-NH),4.06 (1H,m,H-3),8.13 (1H,br s,4-NH),3.78 (1H,d,J=3.7 Hz,H-6),2.90-2.69 (2H,dd,J=7.6,2.5 Hz,H-7),7.22 (2H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-9,13),7.25 (2H,m,H-10,12),7.19 (1H,m,H-11),3.93 (1H,m,H-14),1.55-1.32 (2H,m,H-15),0.95 (3H,t,J=7.4 Hz,H-16);13C NMR (DMSO,125 MHz)δ:167.6(C-2),56.9 (C-3),168.3 (C-5),59.3 (C-6),39.5(C-7),136.8 (C-8),130.2 (C-9,13),128.1 (C-10,12),126.6 (C-11),73.7 (C-14),26.1 (C-15),11.3 (C-16)。以上数据与文献报道[27]基本一致,从而确定化合物10 为(3S,6S)-3-苄基-6-(1-羟丙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮。

3 讨论

本研究从35 株拟诺卡放线菌中通过对菌株发酵提取物的TLC 化学多样性进行筛选,最终确定了YIM90087 为研究菌株,在对目标菌株进行发酵条件优化过程中发现拟诺卡放线菌对培养基要求较高,且拟诺卡放线菌生长缓慢,由于我们对培养基的优化不够全面,导致了发酵产物总量较少,这样某些含量较低、成分复杂的代谢产物,不能得到有效的分离和结构鉴定,今后还需对其培养基进行更为全面的优化,并对其中的微量成分进一步深入研究。

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