盐氮处理下盐地碱蓬种子成熟过程中的离子积累和种子萌发特性
2013-12-09周家超付婷婷赵维维徐燕阁王凤霞
周家超, 付婷婷, 赵维维, 徐燕阁, 王凤霞, 宋 杰
(山东师范大学生命科学学院,逆境植物重点实验室,济南 250014)
盐氮处理下盐地碱蓬种子成熟过程中的离子积累和种子萌发特性
周家超, 付婷婷, 赵维维, 徐燕阁, 王凤霞, 宋 杰*
(山东师范大学生命科学学院,逆境植物重点实验室,济南 250014)
盐地碱蓬; 离子积累; 种子萌发; 耐盐性
目前,全世界有超过8亿hm2的土地受到土壤盐渍化的影响[1]。发展盐地农业是应对土壤盐渍化的有效途径[2]。盐地碱蓬(SuaedasalsaL.)为藜科碱蓬属1年生草本肉质化真盐生植物,具有很强的耐盐性。种植盐地碱蓬可明显改善盐碱地土壤理化性质[3]。不仅如此,盐地碱蓬嫩枝叶可以作为营养丰富的蔬菜,种子能榨油[3]。因此,盐地碱蓬可以作为盐碱地区环境修复和发展盐地农业的优良植物资源。
盐渍环境下种子萌发对物种建成具有重要意义。与非盐生植物不同的是,盐生植物种子萌发尽管并不需要外界盐分环境但却可以忍受一定浓度的盐胁迫[4]。自然生境下一些盐生植物,例如海蓬子属植物(SalicorniaeuropaeaL.)[5]和囊果碱蓬(Suaedaphysophora)[6]能将大量的Na+离子区域化在苞叶或果皮等部位,Na+离子在胚中积累的却很少。最近研究发现,室内高盐处理的盐地碱蓬果皮中的Na+明显高于胚中,而K+却相反。而且胚中K+含量明显高于Na+含量,说明盐渍生境下果皮/种皮对胚具有保护作用[7]。氮素是植物生长所必需的元素,对植物的生长、耐盐性以及自然分布至关重要[8- 9]。盐地碱蓬种子的萌发[10- 11]以及室内盐处理下盐地碱蓬种子成熟过程中的离子积累特性[7]前人已经进行过研究。自然生境中盐生植物的生长以及种子萌发等会受到盐分和养分(例如氮素)的影响。因此本文研究了盐氮互作对盐地碱蓬种子及果枝等不同部位离子积累和种子萌发的影响,试图为理解盐地碱蓬适应盐渍生境的生理生态机制提供理论依据。
1 材料和方法
1.1 实验材料
盐地碱蓬棕色种子,于2011年11月采自山东省黄河三角洲内陆盐碱地(N37°20′;E118°36′),晾干的种子存于冰箱(lt; 4 ℃)中待用。
1.2 植物的培养与处理
1.3 测定方法
1.3.1 胚、果皮和果枝中离子的测定
1.3.2 萌发率、发芽指数和活力指数的测定
萌发率G=a/b×100%
式中,a为不同盐溶液中萌发的种子数,b为供试种子数。
总萌发率=(a+c)/b×100%
式中,c为第10天没有萌发的种子复水后萌发的种子数。
发芽指数Gi=∑(Gt/Dt)
式中,Gt为时间t日的萌发的种子数,Dt为相应的萌发天数。
活力指数Vi=S×Gi
式中,S为幼苗鲜重。
1.4 数据分析
数据均采用SAS 6.12进行三因素显著性分析。
2 结果
2.1 胚、果皮和果枝中离子含量
表1 不同浓度盐氮处理下盐地碱蓬种子及果枝的离子积累
表2 离子含量、总萌发率、萌发指数和活力指数的三因素分析结果
*表示在Plt; 0.05水平上差异显著,**表示在Plt; 0.01水平上差异显著,***表示在Plt; 0.001水平上差异显著,NS表示没有显著差异,数值代表F值
2.2 萌发率
图1 不同盐浓度对盐地碱蓬种子萌发率的影响Fig.1 Seed germination at different concentrations of salinity
复水后的总萌发率在植株培养期间的盐氮浓度以及种子萌发时的盐处理浓度之间均没有显著的影响(图 2,表2)。
2.3 萌发指数和活力指数
图2 不同盐浓度对种子总萌发率的影响Fig.2 Effect of salinity on total seed germination
图3 不同盐浓度对种子萌发指数和活力指数的影响Fig.3 Effect of salinity on germination index and vigor index of seeds at different concentrations of salinity
3 讨论
[1] Munns R, Tester M. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2008, 59(1): 651- 681.
[2] Rozema J, Flowers T. Crops for a salinized world. Science, 2008, 322(5907): 1478- 1480.
[3] Zhao K F, Fan H, Jiang X Y, Song J. Improvement and utilization of saline soil by planting halophytes. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2002, 8(1): 31- 35.
[4] Khan S S, Sheikh K H. Effects of different levels of salinity on seed germination and growth ofCapsicumannuumL. Biologia, 1996, 22(1): 15- 26.
[5] Khan M A, Webber D J, Hess W M. Elemental distribution in seeds of the halophytesSalicorniapacificaVar. Utahensis andAtriplexcanescens. American Journal of Botany, 1985, 72(11): 1672- 1675.
[6] Song J, Feng G, Tian C Y, Zhang F S. Strategies for adaptation ofSuaedaphysophora,HaloxylonammodendronandHaloxylonpersicumto a saline environment during seed-germination stage. Annals of Botany, 2005, 96(3): 399- 405.
[7] Li X, Zhang X D, Song J, Fan H, Feng G, Wang B S. Accumulation of ions during seed development under controlled saline conditions of twoSuaedasalsapopulations is related to their adaptation to saline environments. Plant and Soil, 2011, 341(1/2): 99- 107.
[8] Radin J W, Mauney J R, Guinn G. Effect of N fertility on plant water relations and stomatal responses to water stress in irrigated cotton. Crop Science, 1985, 25(1): 110- 115.
[9] Liu X J, Yang Y M, Li W Q, Li C Z, Duan D Y, Tadano T. Interactive effects of sodium chloride and nitrogen on growth and ion accumulation of a halophyte. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2004, 35(15/16): 2111- 2123.
[10] Li W Q, Liu X J, Khan M A, Yamaguchi S. The effect of plant growth regulators, nitric oxide, nitrate, nitrite and light on the germination of dimorphic seeds ofSuaedasalsaunder saline conditions. Journal of Plant Research, 2005, 118(3): 207- 214.
[11] Song J, Fan H, Zhao Y Y, Jia Y H, Du X H, Wang B S. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling emergence, seedling growth and ion accumulation of a euhalophyteSuaedasalsain an intertidal zone and on saline inland. Aquatic Botany, 2008, 88(4): 331- 337.
[12] Hosseini M K, Powell A A, Bingham I J. Comparison of the seed germination and early seedling growth of soybean in saline conditions. Seed Science Research, 2002, 12(3): 165- 172.
[13] Keiffer C H, Ungar I A. The effect of extended exposure to hypersaline conditions on the germination of five inland halophyte species. American Journal of Botany, 1997, 84(1): 104- 111.
[14] Pritchard H W, Wood J A, Manger K R. Influence of temperature on seed germination and the nutritional requirements for embryo growth inArummaculatumL. New Phytologist, 1993, 123(4): 801- 809.
[15] Alboresi A, Gestin C, Leydecker M T, Bedu M, Meyer C, Truong H N. Nitrate, a signal relieving seed dormancy inArabidopsis. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2005, 28(4): 500- 512.
[16] Song J, Shi G W, Xing S, Chen M, Wang B S. Effects of nitric oxide and nitrogen on seedling emergence, ion accumulation, and seedling growth under salinity in the euhalophyteSuaedasalsa. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2009, 172(4): 544- 549.
参考文献:
[3] 赵可夫, 范海, 江行玉, 宋杰. 盐生植物在盐渍土壤改良中的作用. 应用与环境生物学报, 2002, 8(1): 31- 35.
Characteristicsofionaccumulationandseedgerminationforseedsfromplantsculturedatdifferentconcentrationsofnitratenitrogenandsalinity
ZHOU Jiachao, FU Tingting, ZHAO Weiwei, XU Yange, WANG Fengxia, SONG Jie*
KeyLaboratoryofPlantStress,CollegeofLifeScience,ShandongNormalUniversity,Jinan250014,China
Suaedasalsa; ion accumulation; seed germination; salt tolerance
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2010CM005);国家支撑计划资助项目(2009BADA7B05)
2013- 06- 08;
2013- 07- 29
*通讯作者Corresponding author.E-mail: songjieever@163.com
10.5846/stxb201306081433
周家超, 付婷婷, 赵维维, 徐燕阁, 王凤霞, 宋杰.盐氮处理下盐地碱蓬种子成熟过程中的离子积累和种子萌发特性.生态学报,2013,33(19):6129- 6134.
Zhou J C, Fu T T, Zhao W W, Xu Y G, Wang F X, Song J.Characteristics of ion accumulation and seed germination for seeds from plants cultured at different concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and salinity.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(19):6129- 6134.