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新型茚并[1,2-b]吲哚衍生物的绿色合成

2013-11-19英,

合成化学 2013年6期
关键词:羰基水相吲哚

王 英, 焦 锐

(连云港师范高等专科学校 化学系,江苏 连云港 222006)

近几十年来,水相中的有机反应倍受关注[1~4]。与普通有机溶剂相比,水具有特殊的物理、化学性质。研究发现,一些有机反应在水相中进行能显示出特殊的活性和选择性[5~15]。

吲哚衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,许多具有重要生理和药理活性的天然产物,特别是含吲哚结构的生物碱因其特有的抗细菌、抗真菌、消炎及抗肿瘤活性而受到了学界的广泛关注,因而通过有机合成方法获得具有类似结构的吲哚衍生物也成为研究热点[16,17]。最近的研究表明,茚并[1,2-b]吲哚衍生物是一类新颖、强效的人蛋白激酶CK2抑制剂[18],传统的有机溶剂中的合成反应已见报道[19]。

本文以五元(或六元)环状1,3-二羰基化合物、胺(2a~2d)和水合茚三酮(1)为原料,在水相中于70 ℃反应3 h~4 h合成了7个茚并[1,2-b]吲哚衍生物(3a~3d,4a,4b,4d)和4个茚并吡咯衍生物(5a,5b,6a,6d)(Scheme 1),收率80%~90%。其中3b~3d,4~6为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR, IR和MS表征。

与文献方法相比,该方法更为绿色、高效。

1 实验部分

1.1 仪器与试剂

XT-4型显微熔点仪(温度未校正);BRUKER DRX-500 AVANCE型核磁共振仪(CDCl3为溶剂,TMS为内标);Varian 1000 FT-IR型红外光谱仪(KBr压片);TOF-MS型质谱仪。

CompabcdRMeEtCH2=CHCH2-4-MeC6H4-

Scheme1

所用试剂均为化学纯或分析纯。

1.2 3~6的合成通法

在反应瓶中依次加入1,3-二羰基化合物0.5 mmol,2a~2d0.6 mmol和水4 mL,搅拌下加入10.5 mmol,于70 ℃反应3 h~4 h(TLC监测)。减压浓缩后经硅胶柱层析[洗脱剂:V(乙酸乙酯) ∶V(石油醚)=1 ∶3]纯化得3~6。

3a: 橙色固体,收率80%, m.p.127 ℃~129 ℃(128 ℃[21]);1H NMRδ: 1.10(s, 6H), 1.90(s, 2H), 2.29(s, 2H), 3.04(s, 3H), 4.35(s, 1H), 4.74(s, 1H), 7.44(d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.90(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 20.3, 27.7, 33.3, 40.8, 51.1, 82.7, 101.3, 111.0, 122.9, 124.7, 126.9, 132.9, 135.7, 144.0, 160.5, 187.9, 197.4; IRν: 3 381, 2 949, 1 724, 1 608, 1 517, 1 395, 1 244, 1 159, 945, 858, 773 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C18H19NO4{[M+H]+}313.131 4, found 313.131 0。

3b: 橙色固体,收率87%, m.p.113 ℃~115 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.10(s, 6H), 1.20(t,J=15.0 Hz, 3H), 1.88(s, 2H), 2.29(s, 2H), 2.59(q, 2H), 4.35(s, 1H), 4.74(s, 1H), 7.44(d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.90(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 14.3, 27.2, 33.0, 38.9, 41.1, 51.1, 83.0, 98.8, 111.0, 122.9, 124.7, 126.9, 132.9, 135.7, 144.0, 160.5, 198.9, 198.9; IRν: 3 381, 2 949, 1 724, 1 608, 1 517, 1 395, 1 244, 1 159, 945, 858, 773 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C19H21NO4{[M+H]+}327.147 1, found 327.146 9。

3c: 橙色固体,收率80%, m.p.114 ℃~116 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.10(s, 6H), 1.19(s, 2H), 2.13(s, 2H), 3.22 (d,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 4.35(s, 1H), 4.74(s, 1H), 5.19(dd,J=10.1 Hz, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 5.22(dd,J=10.1 Hz, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 5.87(m, 1H), 7.26(d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.49(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.68(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.79(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 27.2, 33.0, 41.1, 46.0, 51.1, 83.0, 99.2, 111.0, 117.4, 122.9, 124.7, 126.9, 132.9, 132.9, 135.7, 144.0, 160.5, 198.9, 198.9; IRν: 3 381, 2 949, 1 724, 1 608, 1 517, 1 395, 1 244, 1 159, 945, 858, 773 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C20H21NO4{[M+H]+}339.147 1, found 339.146 6。

3d: 黄色固体,收率85%, m.p.105 ℃~107 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.10(s, 6H), 1.88(s, 2H), 2.22(s, 2H), 2.34(s, 3H), 4.75(d,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 5.04(d,J=15.0 Hz, 2H), 5.17(s, 1H), 5.29(s, 1H), 7.11(d,J=7.3 Hz, 4H), 7.56(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.67(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.75(d,J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.88(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 27.9, 28.5, 33.0, 45.3, 50.9, 55.9, 82.7, 101.3, 111.0, 122.9, 124.7, 126.9, 128.8, 129.1, 126.0, 127.7, 133.4, 135.7, 144.0, 160.5, 197.4, 198.9; IRν: 3 275, 2 933, 1 718, 1 592, 1 478, 1 254, 1 155, 1 020, 774, 588 cm-1; HRMSm/z: Calcd for C25H25NO4{[M+H]+}403.178 4, found 403.178 3。

4a: 橙色固体,收率87%, m.p.108 ℃~110 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.93(m, 2H), 1.98(t,J=15.0 Hz, 2H), 2.55(t,J=15.0 Hz, 2H), 3.30(s, 3H), 5.17(s, 1H), 5.29(s, 1H), 7.26(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69(d,J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.84(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 21.2, 22.8, 36.4, 45.3, 83.0, 101.3, 111.0, 125.9, 126.0, 127.7, 129.8, 135.2, 147.1, 164.0, 168.7, 197.4; IRν: 3 381, 2 949, 1 724, 1 608, 1 517, 1 395, 1 244, 1 159, 945, 858, 773 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C16H15NO4{[M+H]+}285.100 1, found 285.099 7。

4b: 黄色固体,收率85%, m.p.115 ℃~117 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.11(t,J=15.2 Hz, 3H), 1.76(m, 2H), 1.96(t,J=15.0 Hz, 2H), 2.49(t,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 2.94(t,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 5.17(s, 1H), 5.29(s, 1H), 7.50(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.57(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.77(d,J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 16.1, 21.4, 22.3, 32.7, 36.1, 83.0, 95.4, 104.4, 123.1, 130.4, 134.7, 135.4, 148.3, 164.1, 165.0, 188.5, 197.5; IRν: 3 381, 2 949, 1 724, 1 608, 1 517, 1 395, 1 244, 1 159, 945, 858, 773 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C17H17NO4{[M+H]+}299.115 8, found 299.115 8。

4d: 黄色固体,收率90%, m.p.110 ℃~112 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.55(m, 2H), 1.67(t,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 2.04(s, 3H), 2.34(t,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 4.73(d,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 5.05(d,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 5.17(s, 1H), 5.29(s, 1H), 7.11(d,J=7.3 Hz, 4H), 7.40(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.57(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.75(d,J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.80(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 20.5, 21.2, 21.3, 36.8, 44.7, 83.6, 95.0, 105.1, 122.9, 124.7, 126.9, 128.8, 129.1, 133.4, 135.3, 135.9, 144.0, 148.0, 165.4, 192.5, 197.5; IRν: 3 275, 2 933, 1 718, 1 592, 1 478, 1 254, 1 155, 1 020, 774, 588 cm-1; HRMSm/z: Calcd for C23H21NO4{[M+H]+}375.147 1, found 375.146 9。

5a: 橙色固体,收率85%, m.p.104 ℃~106 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.06(d,J=15.0 Hz, 2H), 2.89(d,J=15.1 Hz, 2H), 3.15(s, 3H), 5.17 (s, 1H), 5.29(s, 1H), 7.32(d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.81(d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.90(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 30.4, 31.5, 33.3, 76.9, 105.3, 111.5, 125.9, 126.0, 127.7, 129.8, 135.2, 1447.1, 164.0, 196.4, 198.4; IRν: 3 275, 2 933, 1 718, 1 592, 1 478, 1 254, 1 155, 1 020, 774, 588 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C15H13NO4{[M+H]+}271.084 5, found 271.084 2。

5b: 黄色固体,收率80%, m.p.105 ℃~107 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.10(t,J=15.1 Hz, 3H), 2.07(t,3J=15.0 Hz, 2H), 2.59(t,J=15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (t,J=15.2 Hz, 2H), 5.17(s, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 7.50(d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.77(d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.94(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 14.3, 31.4, 33.4, 38.6, 82.7, 98.5, 111.6, 123.1, 130.4, 134.7, 135.4, 148.3, 164.1, 165.0, 197.5, 198.9; IRν: 3 381, 2 949, 1 724, 1 608, 1 517, 1 395, 1 244, 1 159, 945, 858, 773 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C16H15NO4{[M+H]+}285.100 1, found 285.100 0。

6a: 橙色固体,收率87%, m.p.113 ℃~115 ℃;1H NMRδ: 3.04(s, 3H), 5.10(s, 1H), 5.65(s, 1H), 7.36(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.44(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.52(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.57(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.90(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 26.5, 83.2, 100.9, 105.5, 121.1, 122.9, 123.4, 124.7, 126.2, 126.9, 128.4, 132.9, 134.4, 135.7, 136.5, 144.0, 192.5, 198.2; IRν: 3 275, 2 933, 1 718, 1 592, 1 478, 1 254, 1 155, 1 020, 774, 588 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C19H13NO4{[M+H]+}319.084 5, found 319.084 4。

6d: 橙色固体,收率85%, m.p.118 ℃~120 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.46(s, 3H), 5.10(s, 1H), 5.40(s, 1H), 6.36(d,J=15.0 Hz, 1H), 6.41(d,J=15.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35(s, 4H), 7.42(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47( t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.55(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59(t,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61(t,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66(d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 21.3, 47.0, 83.5, 98.3, 105.5, 121.1, 124.6, 125.1, 126.1, 126.3, 126.5, 126.8, 127.0, 128.7, 128.9, 129.0, 129.3, 131.8, 133.5, 136.5, 143.9, 145.0, 192.5, 198.2; IRν: 3 377, 2 934, 1 715, 1 600, 1 489, 1 415, 1 202, 953, 775 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C26H19NO4{[M+H]+}409.131 4, found 409.131 1。

2 结果与讨论

2.1 反应条件优化

以合成3a为模板反应,对反应条件进行优化。实验中发现,室温反应12 h几乎没有产物生成;温度升至50 ℃反应8 h,收率62%;于70 ℃反应4 h,收率80%;于100 ℃反应4 h,收率下降至48%。推测可能的原因是高温下甲胺(2a)挥发导致。故70 ℃为最佳反应温度。

2.2 反应的普适性探讨

反应条件同1.2,进行底物的拓展。实验中发现哒咪酮和1,3-环己二酮都能很好地参与反应,对于胺类化合物,2a~2d均是优良的反应底物,收率80%~90%。

受以上结果的启发,我们继续对五元环状的1,3-二羰基化合物进行了尝试,结果发现,1,3-环戊二酮和1,3-茚二酮也能很好地发生此类反应,较高收率地获得茚并吡咯衍生物(见Scheme 1)。

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